p,V, T and derived thermodynamic data for toluene,trichloromethane, dichloromethane,acetonitrile, aniline,and n-dodecane

Experimentally determined p,V,T data are reported for toluene, trichloromethane, dichloromethane, acetonitrile, aniline, and n-dodecane at 278, 288, 298, 313, and 323 K, except for dichloromethane, for which the highest temperature was 298 K. At each temperature, measurements were done at pressures up to about 280 MPa or (for aniline and n-dodecane) at a lower pressure slightly below the freezing pressure at the temperature of measurement. Values of the isobaric expansivity isothermal compressibility and (for toluene, trichloromethane, dichloromethane, and acetonitrile) internal pressure, derived from the p,V,T data, are presented.     

商业设计只有第一没有第二

许多人将设计和艺术、美术划上等号，似乎一件好的设计就应该等于一幅美丽的图稿．其实不然，美术与美学只是设计的基础（也该是一般大众生活的基础），设计的天空相当广阔，与每个人的生活经历和氛围皆有关连；因此我们可以说“设计是生活，生活是一切”。     

Structural transformations, reactions, and electronic properties of fullerenes, onions, and buckytubes

We describe the results of extensive quantum molecular dynamics calculations of the properties of fullerenes and microtubules. The topics to be discussed include: (i) stability of C₆₀ isomers and barriers to isomerization; (ii) reactivity of C₆₀ and C₅₈ with C₂ and C₃, and its implications on the formation and growth of fullerenes; and (iii) atomic and electronic structure and doping of semiconducting microtubules. We also discuss the structures, stabilities and atomic transformations of large multishell fullerenes and offer an explanation for the formation of spheroidal “onions” under high fluence electron irradiation conditions. The last results, which involved calculations for up to 15 000 atoms, were obtained using classical three-body potentials.     

Preparation and Properties of Sodium, Potassium, Magnesium, Calcium, and Aluminum Terephthalates

Group I–III terephthalates were prepared: KOOCC₆H₄COOH, NaOOCC₆H₄COOH, NaOOCC₆H₄COONa, Mg(OOCC₆H₄COO) · 2H₂O, Ca(OOCC₆H₄COO) · 3H₂O, and Al₂(OOCC₆H₄COO)₃ · 8H₂O. The salts were characterized by differential thermal analysis and IR spectroscopy. The results demonstrate that the thermal decomposition of the terephthalates yields metal carbonates or oxides. On heating to 1000°C, aluminum terephthalate converts into submicron-sized -alumina particles.     

Elastic, structural, bonding, and defect properties of zinc-blende BN, AlN, GaN, InN and their alloys

Simple tight-binding simulations, incorporating only the Herman–Skillman atomic term values, are shown to provide valuable information about the bonding, elastic and structural properties of zinc-blende group III-nitrides. Our calculated values of the elastic parameters (viz., bulk modulus, elastic stiffness constants, Kleinman's internal displacement parameter, Keating force constants, etc.) for BN, AlN, GaN, and InN are shown to exist well within the range of values derived from more sophisticated methods. Despite the crude approximations used, the tight-binding method has clearly provided the meaningful trends to the local distortions around isoelectronic impurities and has described reasonably well the bond length variations as a function of composition in ternary alloys.     

Autonomy, security, and inequality: China, India, the United States, and the globalization of science and technology

Perhaps no three countries have benefited from the globalization of science and technology (S&T) more than India, China, and the United States. All three have leveraged the growing internationalization of innovation to offset weaknesses in their own national innovation systems. Still, globalization raises critical questions of autonomy, security, and equality, and in turn the political struggle over these three issues shapes the pace and scope of the globalization of S&T. Significant deterioration on any one of these criterion could lead to substantially less support among policy makers and the public for the globally networked system of innovation that appears to be emerging.     

Incentives, Routines, and Self-Command

Virtue, then, being of two kinds, intellectual and moral, intellectualvirtue in the main owes both its birth and its growth to teaching... while moral virtue comes about as a result of habit, whencealso its name is one that is formed by a slight variation fromthe word (habit).... Of all the things that come to us by nature we first acquirethe potentiality and later exhibit the activity... but the virtueswe get by first exercising them.... men become builders by buildingand lyre-players by playing the lyre; so too we become justby doing just acts, temperate by doing temperate acts, braveby doing brave acts. This is confirmed by what happens in states; for legislatorsmake the citizens good by forming habits in them, and this isthe wish for every legislator, and those who do not effect itmiss their mark, and it is in this that a good constitutiondiffers from a bad one.     

岁月如歌

时光悄悄流逝,岁月静好,一切安然.悠悠歌声把我们带回那个年代,重温过往的美好时光和设计人生. 让世界充满爱 1985年,一个阳光明媚的下午,市中心展览馆大厅,展厅回响着歌曲《让世界充满爱》,这是我第一次参加这样的大型展览并担任设计布展,正在埋头工作,突然一阵热闹,一群人向隔壁峨眉电影制片厂展位走去,众人簇拥着一位男士,后来听说他就是著名导演米家山,影星潘虹的丈夫.     

Dust explosions-cases, causes, consequences, and control

Dust explosions pose the most serious and widespread of explosion hazards in the process industry alongside vapour cloud explosions (VCE) and boiling liquid expanding vapour explosions (BLEVE). Dust explosions almost always lead to serious financial losses in terms of damage to facilities and down time. They also often cause serious injuries to personnel, and fatalities. We present the gist of the dust explosion state-of-the-art. Illustrative case studies and past accident analyses reflect the high frequency, geographic spread, and damage potential of dust explosions across the world. The sources and triggers of dust explosions, and the measures with which different factors associated with dust explosions can be quantified are reviewed alongside dust explosion mechanism. The rest of the review is focused on the ways available to prevent dust explosion, and on cushioning the impact of a dust explosion by venting when the accident does take place.     

Optical properties of the metals Al, Co, Cu, Au, Fe, Pb, Ni, Pd, Pt, Ag, Ti, and W in the infrared and far infrared

Infrared optical constants collected from the literature are tabulated. The data for the noble metals and Al, Pb, and W can be reasonably fit using the Drude model. It is shown that -epsilon1(omega) = epsilon2(omega) approximately omega(2)(p)/(2omega(2)(tau)) at the damping frequency omega = omega(tau). Also -epsilon1(omega(tau)) approximately - (1/2) epsilon1(0), where the plasma frequency is omega(p).