Few-mode vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers for space-division multiplexing

In order to choose the proper radius of oxide aperture for few-mode vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers (VCSELs), the influences of oxide aperture size on the multi-transverse-mode behaviors are investigated in detail. By establishing the effective refractive index model to simulate VCSELs with different radii of oxide apertures, the wavelength and corresponding order of different modes are obtained. VCSELs with three kinds of oxide apertures are manufactured. Then the multi-transverse-mode spectra and near-field are measured. It is found that when the radius is between 1.5 and 4.5 μm, few-mode VCSELs can be implemented. The 2.5 μm VCSEL manufactured in this paper only emits LP01 mode and LP21 mode. Since the space distance between the two modes is 2 μm, it is expected to realize direct-modulation few-mode VCSELs by channel etching or ion implantation between the two modes.     

高阶贝塞尔-高斯光束通过圆环形硬边光阑的传输特性

文中通过把环形光阑函数展开为复高斯函数的方法,推导出了高阶贝塞尔-高斯光束通过环形光阑的传输近似解析公式,并对高阶贝塞尔-高斯光束通过圆环形硬边光阑的传输特性进行了研究,分析了不同内外半径下的光阑对输出光束的影响.分析结果表明,衍射特性与光阑宽度、光阑内径等因素有关,当光阑内径和光阑宽度取值适中时,会出现衍射光强相等的两个峰.     

贝塞尔光束通过环形硬边光阑的ABCD光学系统传输

通过把环形光阑函数展开为复高斯函数的方法,推导出贝塞尔光束通过有环形光阑限制的近轴ABCD光学系统的传输近似解析公式。通过数值计算,对贝塞尔光束通过环形光阑的传输特性进行了详细的研究,给出了光阑内、外半径等参数对光强分布的影响规律。     

Capacitance of Multiple Annular Apertures With Floating Inner Conductors

Capacitance of multiple annular apertures with floating inner conductors is investigated. A boundary-value problem associated with the capacitance of thick multiple annular apertures is solved rigorously based on the Hankel transform, eigenfunction expansion, and superposition. The formulation for calculating the capacitance of each annular aperture is obtained in a fast convergent series form. Computation is performed to show the behavior of the capacitance in terms of the geometry of multiple annular apertures.     

Bandpass grids with annular apertures

A rigorous theory is developed for describing the diffraction of a plane wave by a doubly periodic array of annular apertures in a thick, perfectly conducting screen. Coaxial waveguide modes are used to describe the fields within each aperture, while the fields above and below the grid are written as plane wave expansions. Appropriate boundary conditions are applied at the upper and lower surfaces of the screen, and the method of moments is used to determine mode and wave amplitudes. Such a structure was found to exhibit excellent bandpass characteristics which can be adjusted by changing the size of the apertures and the thickness of the screen     

用平面波展开法计算二维方形光子晶体的带隙结构

用平面波展开法计算二维正方晶格光子晶体的带隙结构，对二维光子晶体的电磁波理论及周期介质中的Bloch波解进行了详细的推导，得出TE模和TM模下无缺陷时光子晶体的色散曲线，并设计了低频区域内具有较大带隙宽度的两种二维光子晶体的空间周期结构. 经过大量的计算，发现硅中的空气柱型光子晶体在红外波段TE模和TM模存在重叠的绝对光子带隙，并分别研究了空气中的硅介质柱和硅中的空气柱的TM模带隙宽度随空气柱半径和填充比变化的规律.     

Transmission through a Conducting Screen Perforated Periodically with Apertures

A general solution to the problem of determining first the aperture field distribution and then the transmission and reflection coefficients of an infinite planar conducting sheet perforated periodically with apertures has been formulated. The excitation is considered to be a plane wave incident at any arbitrary angle. The aperture dimensions and array element spacings were assumed to be comparable with the wavelength of the incident electromagnetic field. The solution given can include the effect of a dielectric slab used to support the thin conducting sheet. The solution is obtained by matching the tangential field components at the surface of the screen. The resulting integral equation is solved by the method of moments which reduces the integral equation to a system of linear algebraic equations that can be solved with the use of a digital computer. Accurate results for both the magnitude and phase of the aperture field distribution and the transmission coefficients for the propagating modes are determined explicitly for a specific example of slots arranged in an equilateral triangular lattice. The balance of power flow between the reflected and the transmitted waves has been checked with satisfactory results. The solution can be applied to the problem of scattering from a conducting screen with periodic apertures and to the complementary problem of scattering from a set of conducting plates by the use of Babinet's principle.     

周期孔状金属薄膜传感器的研究

采用镂空模板法制备了大面积周期孔状金属薄膜,实验揭示了金属小孔阵列在中红外波段的异常透过率增强现象。通过对周期孔状金属薄膜处于不同周围介质下得到的透射谱的研究发现,透射峰随着周围介质折射率的增大会有很明显的红移。比较周期孔状金属薄膜传感器非对称结构和对称结构的灵敏度发现,其对称结构下的灵敏度要高于非对称结构下的灵敏度。通过改变金属薄膜的一些参数,得到金属薄膜厚度和基底折射率为100 nm和1.3时灵敏度最大,分别为12 383 nm/RIU(refractive index unit)和12 667 nm/RIU;灵敏度随周期性孔径的增大而增大;孔的形状与圆的差别越大,灵敏度越高;灵敏度随孔中介质折射率的减小而增大。     

（英）基于中红外波段的等离子体金属孔天线

研究了周期性金属孔阵列的光学和远场辐射特性,实验发现所有样品在中红外波段都有两个透射峰,当金属孔径或者孔阵的晶格常数变大时,透过峰的中心频率发生红移.在透过率的中心频率附近,周期性的金属孔阵列表现出偶极子阵列的特性,其远场辐射特性随着孔径的减小或者孔阵列晶格常数的增大而增强.     

接收孔径对无线光通信误码率性能影响分析

接收孔径可以有效地改善无线光通信链路的误码率性能.文章从孔径平均效应出发,比较了圆环接收孔径和圆形接收孔径的平均因子差异,进而分析了其对通信系统误码率的影响.仿真结果表明:当接收孔径D＜8cm时,两种形状的孔径平均因子存在较大差异,误码率的相时误差较大;而当D≥8 cm时,两种形状的孔径平均因子基本相等,误码率的相对误...     

Electromagnetic transmission through mesh covered apertures and arrays of apertures in a conducting screen

The problem of electromagnetic transmission through wire mesh covered arbitrarily shaped aperture or arrays of apertures (possibly covered by a thin lossy dielectric sheet) in a perfectly conducting ground plane is considered. The equivalence principle and image theory are used to derive an integral equation for the equivalent magnetic currents. The method of moments is utilized to solve the integral equation, with the aperture modeled by triangular patches. Numerical results are presented for transmission coefficients and transmission cross-section patterns for electrically small apertures.     

STEM imaging with a thin annular detector

In scanning transmission electron microscopy, the use of a thin annular detector (TAD), with a ratio of outer to inner radii of about 1.1, allows the selective imaging of various components of a specimen so that different crystalline or amorphous phases may be distinguished. The range of scattering angles to be selected can be varied by using post-specimen lenses to magnify the diffraction pattern of the object. Marginal image modes, giving differentiated images, and ultra-high resolution bright-field images may be obtained when the central spot of the diffraction pattern is magnified so that its radius approximates the inner radius of the TAD. Consideration of the relationship of the TAD imaging to the form of the nanodiffraction pattern obtainable from any small area of the specimen shows that TAD imaging is equivalent to 'variable coherence imaging' and may be used in the determination of medium-range ordering in amorphous or disordered materials.     

基于FDTD的环形孔缝电磁耦合规律研究

为提高电子设备及系统在复杂电磁环境下工作的稳定性,应用时域有限差分方法对不同脉宽电磁脉冲通过带有不同形状（方形环,圆环,矩形环）环形孔缝屏蔽腔体的耦合规律进行了分析.研究结果表明：电磁脉冲通过环形孔缝耦合现象明显,其通过圆环的耦合能量最小;对于矩形环,当入射波极化方向与环形孔缝的短边平行时,若矩形环孔缝纵横比越大,则耦合能量也越大,当极化方向与短边垂直时,则纵横比越大,耦合能量越小;入射电磁脉冲脉宽越短,电磁脉冲越容易耦合进入环形孔缝;腔体壁的反射及谐振会增强耦合效应.     

高斯光束圆环衍射与光学系统质量评价

根据任意波型的光波的小孔衍射公式计算了高斯光束圆环衍射的光强分布与环围功率分布;分析了以平面波的圆孔衍射分析激光发射光学系统的光学质量所造成的误差。指出:正确地评价光学系统的质量,必须考虑入射波型和光学系统的具体结构。     

利用转移矩阵法和频域块迭代法分析点缺陷二维光子晶体

本文介绍了广泛用于分析光子晶体的两种方法；转移矩阵法和频域块迭代法。运用这两种方法，我们研究了一个5行5列在空气中呈正方排列的二维介质柱晶体，改变中心介质柱的半律和介电常数，分别得到各自对应不同的透射和色散关系曲线，对于同一参数结构的光子晶体，不同算法得到的带隙和缺陷态频率是一致的。同时根据透射和色散曲线所体现出来的晶体特性，我们分析了将光子晶体用作激光谐振腔以提高Q值的机理。     

Application of the Finite-Difference Time-Domain Method to Sinusoidal Steady-State Electromagnetic-Penetration Problems

A numerical method for predicting the sinusoidal steady-state electromagnetic fields penetrating an arbitrary dielectric or conducting body is described here. The method employs the finite-difference time-domain (FD-TD) solution of Maxwell's curl equations implemented on a cubic-unit-cell space lattice. Small air-dielectric loss factors are introduced to improve the lattice truncation conditions and to accelerate convergence of cavity interior fields to the sinusoidal steady state. This method is evaluated with comparison to classical theory, method-of-moment frequency-domain numerical theory, and experimental results via application to a dielectric sphere and acylindrical metal cavity with an aperture. Results are also given for a missile-like cavity with two different types of apertures illuminated by an axial-incidence plane wave.     

Linewidth‐Optimized Extraordinary Optical Transmission in Water with Template‐Stripped Metallic Nanohole Arrays

The experimental observation of unusually sharp plasmon resonance peaks in periodic Ag nanohole arrays made using template stripping is reported. The extraordinary optical transmission (EOT) peak associated with the surface plasmon polaritons at the smooth Ag‐water interface shows a well‐defined Fano‐type profile with a linewidth below 10 nm at a wavelength of around 700 nm. Notably, this sharp and intense radiant peak (Q factor of 71) is obtained at visible frequencies in water and at normally incident illumination. This is accomplished by obtaining high‐quality Ag surfaces with a roughness below 1 nm, which reduces the imaginary component of the Ag dielectric function that is associated with material damping, as well as shrinking the nanohole radius to decrease radiative damping of plasmons. The localized spectral response of the radiant plasmon peak is characterized using the nanohole array in water in a layer‐by‐layer fashion via sequential atomic layer deposition of Al₂O₃. Because the ultrasharp EOT peak is obtained with excellent uniformity over a centimeter‐sized area from the metallic nanohole array in water, these template‐stripped nanohole arrays will benefit many practical applications based on EOT.     

低插损同轴型微波介质滤波器的设计

1/4波长同轴谐振器构成的微波介质带通滤波器,具有三个谐振孔、二个耦合孔,谐振器间通过耦合孔相互耦合,材料采用高介电常数微波陶瓷,器件表面涂覆金属电极。讨论了耦合孔半径对滤波器技术指标(中心频率f_0、3dB带宽B、插入损耗L_0、阻带抑制L_A等)的影响,然后根据给定的滤波器技术指标确定了滤波器的类型、结构、级数及尺寸,最后进行了仿真验证,得到了低损耗的带通滤波器。     

The transmission coefficient of elliptical and rectangular apertures for electromagnetic waves

A simple scalar method using Kirchhoff's boundary values is applied to the diffraction problems of circular, elliptical, and rectangular apertures for normally incident electromagnetic waves. As far as circular apertures are concerned, a simple formula can be derived not only for the diffraction pattern but also for the transmission coefficient. This formula yields good results for apertures greater than0.8lambda. Even in the ease of elliptical apertures a simple formula can he derived for the diffraction pattern. For the elliptical aperture, as well as the rectangular one, the transmission coefficient was found in the form of an integral. Relief models and diagrams are given for the transmission coefficients of the elliptical and the rectangular apertures as a function of the two aperture parameters. Diagrams are given which explain the dependence of the transmission coefficient on the aperture parameters. A comparison with other more complicated methods of approximation and with measurements shows both good agreement and the great practical value of the simple method of approximation used.     

方位角偏振光聚焦光斑的研究

对方位偏振平面波、高斯光束、贝塞尔-高斯光束和双环拉盖尔-高斯光束的聚焦特性进行了理论计算,分析了物镜数值孔径和截断因子对焦平面上光强分布、中心暗斑半径的影响,以及加入中心遮拦光阑对焦深和中心暗斑半径的影响。研究发现,4种模式光束形成的聚焦场中心暗斑半径随着数值孔径的增大,单调减小,其大小与数值孔径成反比,与波长成正比;截断因子的改变仅影响高斯光束和贝塞尔-高斯光束中心暗斑半径的大小,对其旁瓣强度的影响较小,但会使得双环拉盖尔-高斯光束焦场光强重新分配,能够形成等光强的双亮环结构;加入中心光阑能够减小焦平面上中心暗斑半径并增大焦深。