形变对板条马氏体回火组织的影响

对Q235级低碳钢板条马氏体在550℃多道次单向压缩变形后退火和室温大塑性变形轧制后在此温度退火的显微组织演变规律进行了对比研究,结合未变形板条马氏体在此温度的回火组织演变,讨论了变形对马氏体分解过程、铁素体再结晶晶粒尺寸和析出碳化物形貌的影响.实验结果表明,变形显著影响马氏体分解过程,促进渗碳体的析出和铁素体回复及再结晶.热变形组织铁素体再结晶晶粒尺寸在0.5μm左右;渗碳体形貌从细棒状向球状转变,随变形量增大渗碳体尺寸增大,继续保温60min导致铁素体晶粒长大到1μm左右,晶粒内部的渗碳体消失,原先在铁素体晶界析出的渗碳体球化、粗化.冷轧试样在550℃退火保温时间在30min内得到0.3~0.4μm超细晶粒和尺度小于150nm的弥散渗碳体颗粒组织;随退火保温时间延长到60min,铁素体再结晶晶粒长大到1.9μm,渗碳体颗粒尺寸约160nm.     

铍材温轧过程中显微组织和织构演变规律的研究

采用电子背散射衍射技术(EBSD)对热压烧结铍锭在温轧过程中的显微组织和织构演变规律进行了研究。结果表明,温轧过程中的主要变形机制为滑移;随着轧制变形量的增加,晶粒逐渐拉长细化;在压下量为37.9%时,轧制铍板中的基面织构达到最大值,此后继续增加压下量,铍材内织构、晶粒尺寸及显微硬度均不再发生明显变化;铍材轧制中或轧制后都需要进行退火,退火工艺对铍板的基面织构有一定的弱化作用,可改善板材的内部组织结构,提高轧制性能。     

亚微米晶Cu-5％Cr冷拉拔的组织与性能研究

通过机械合金化、热压制坯和热挤压制备了完全致密的亚微米晶Cu-5%Cr(质量分数,以下同)高强高导电材料,在此基础上研究了亚微米晶Cu-5%Cr冷拉拔所引起的组织与性能的变化。结果表明,冷拉拔使亚微米晶Cu-5%Cr中的位错密度增大,并形成了胞状组织;使晶粒尺寸约400～500nm的亚微米晶Cu-5%Cr的晶粒进一步细化为100～200nm;经过550℃退火后得到了晶粒尺寸为200～300nm的再结晶晶粒。这说明通过大塑性变形和适当的再结晶,亚微米晶Cu-5%Cr的晶粒可以被进一步细化。亚微米晶Cu-5%Cr经过冷拉拔后产生了加工硬化,且随拉拔变形量的增加,其强度和伸长率都提高,而导电率降低,其室温断裂方式为微孔聚集型断裂。这说明其塑性变形机制仍以位错滑移为主;随晶粒的进一步细化,其延性进一步提高。     

钒,氮含量对耐磨钢NM400组织及性能的影响

在普通Cr-Mo-B系低合金耐磨钢成分基础上,通过添加适量的钒、氮元素,研究钒氮微合金化对轧后直接淬火(DQ)+低温回火耐磨钢板组织及性能的影响。结果表明:无钒氮钢板的微观组织为板条马氏体组织,-20℃冲击功为15 J,布氏硬度为443HBW。分别添加质量分数0.088%V-0.013%N和0.089%V-0.029%N的2种钒氮微合金化的钢板,板条马氏体组织明显细化,在组织中发现存在少量针状铁素体组织。2种钢板的-20℃冲击功分别提高至30和42 J,质量分数0.089%V-0.029%N的钢板强度、硬度与无钒氮钢板基本一致。低温轧制过程中析出的V(C,N)颗粒起到定扎奥氏体晶界、抑制晶粒长大作用。在860℃温度终轧及轧后弛豫过程中析出的V(N,C)粒子可以促进针状铁素体形成,它们起到分割奥氏体晶粒、细化马氏体板条束的作用。含质量分数0.089%V-0.029%N的耐磨钢板的综合性能最好。     

异步轧制对AZ31镁合金静态再结晶及晶粒细化的影响

研究了AZ31镁合金薄板在异步轧制过程中,异速比、压下率及退火工艺对其退火晶粒尺寸的影响.结果表明:适当提高轧制异速比和道次压下率能够显著细化晶粒,但是异速比过高时,轧辊与轧件会产生相对滑动,细化晶粒效果降低,其中异速比为1.3时,细化晶粒效果最佳;剪切作用使镁合金中孪晶数量及分布均匀程度提高,位错缠结被\     

轧制变形对 F-M 双相钢 0.05C-2.8Mn-4.2Ni-2Al- 1.2Mo-1.9Cu晶粒细化的影响

借助EBSD场发射扫描电子显微镜,研究了轧制变形及热处理后的铁素体/马氏体双相钢0.05C-2.8Mn4.2Ni-2Al-1.2Mo-1.9Cu显微组织演变及力学性能。结果表明,经900℃30%+780℃75%变形,500℃退火的F-M钢晶粒尺寸0.97μm,屈服、抗拉强度和延伸率分别为876 MPa,976 MPa和15.2%,经900℃30%+780℃50%变形,500℃退火的F-M钢晶粒尺寸1.54μm,屈服、抗拉强度和延伸率分别为801 MPa,895 MPa和19.4%。由轧制变形导致的晶粒细化、小角度晶界增多,是提高实验钢强度的主要原因。然而,较大的轧制变形量也使过多的小角度晶界阻碍位错运动,从而导致实验钢在塑性变形过程中,延展性略差。     

反复轧制过程中TA1纯钛板的组织演化及强化机制

采用反复轧制工艺制备了超细晶TA1纯钛板。通过金相、透射电镜、X射线衍射、扫描电镜等手段,分析了纯钛板在反复轧制过程中,不同的应变量所对应的组织形貌特点,并测试了强度、塑性,观察了宏观断口与微观形貌。结果表明:纯钛在常规轧机上经过反复轧制可显著细化晶粒,晶粒尺寸由轧制前的80μm降至120 nm;强度则随着轧制应变量的增加而提高,当Von Mises等效应变为2.4时,平均屈服强度提高到678 MPa,是轧制前粗晶的3倍多;位错及其交互作用是细化晶粒的主要机制,在高密度位错区域由于位错的交互作用而形成了位错胞和亚晶粒,最终演变成超细晶粒;细晶强化和加工硬化是导致纯钛轧制后强度显著提高的主要原因。     

反复轧制过程中TA1纯钛板的组织演化及强化机制

采用反复轧制工艺制备了超细晶TA1纯钛板。通过金相、透射电镜、X射线衍射、扫描电镜等手段,分析了纯钛板在反复轧制过程中,不同的应变量所对应的组织形貌特点,并测试了强度、塑性,观察了宏观断口与微观形貌。结果表明:纯钛在常规轧机上经过反复轧制可显著细化晶粒,晶粒尺寸由轧制前的80μm降至120 nm;强度则随着轧制应变量的增加而提高,当Von Mises等效应变为2.4时,平均屈服强度提高到678 MPa,是轧制前粗晶的3倍多;位错及其交互作用是细化晶粒的主要机制,在高密度位错区域由于位错的交互作用而形成了位错胞和亚晶粒,最终演变成超细晶粒;细晶强化和加工硬化是导致纯钛轧制后强度显著提高的主要原因。     

晶粒细化对奥氏体不锈钢高温力学性能的影响

摘要：对粗晶201LN奥氏体不锈钢采用60%冷变形结合700℃退火120s工艺制备超细晶奥氏体不锈钢,研究晶粒细化对奥氏体不锈钢高温力学性能的影响。利用光学显微镜、扫描电子显微镜、透射电子显微镜、电子背散射衍射技术对粗晶和超细晶奥氏体钢进行了组织表征,并使用万能试验机测试20和650℃环境下力学性能。结果显示粗晶奥氏体不锈钢经过冷变形结合退火工艺处理,平均晶粒尺寸由18μm细化为0.9μm,屈服强度由383MPa提高到704MPa,而伸长率由63.8%下降到46.3%,表明晶粒细化能有效提高奥氏体不锈钢屈服强度的同时较小损害塑性,TEM证实其形变机制均为形变诱导马氏体和孪生协同作用。当温度由20℃提高到650℃时,粗晶奥氏体不锈钢屈服强度和伸长率分别下降到180MPa和28.1%,超细晶奥氏体不锈钢屈服强度和伸长率分别为384MPa和24.2%。这表明在650℃高温环境下细晶强化作用仍然有效,粗晶和超细晶奥氏体不锈钢也有较好的塑性,其形变机制分别变为位错滑移和位错滑移+层错+孪生。     

细晶强化和位错强化对中锰马氏体钢的强化作用

 研究了碳和锰含量对淬火中锰马氏体钢的位错密度、残余奥氏体含量、晶粒尺寸等组织结构以及室温力学性能的影响。借助于SEM、EBSD、TEM和XRD表征了材料的微观组织,探讨了马氏体钢的强化机制。结果表明:随着碳含量增加,淬火中锰钢的位错密度和残余奥氏体体积分数逐渐增加,板条束和板条块尺寸逐渐细化,大角晶界百分数逐渐增加,强度逐渐升高;增加锰含量能够提高马氏体钢的位错密度和抗拉强度。分析认为,位错强化和细晶强化是淬火中锰马氏体钢的主要强化机制。马氏体板条尺寸是马氏体抗拉强度的结构控制单元,而原奥氏体晶粒尺寸则是马氏体屈服强度的结构控制单元。     

China's Major Non-ferrous Metals Imports & Exports

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Zinc Production by Province in 2014

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80% of Chinese Firms Purchasing Overseas Mines Ended up in the Red

<正>Minmetals Resources acquired the world’s largest copper mine under construction for USD5.85 billion.One after another,listed companies Jien Nickle,China Molybdenum and Chihong Zinc and Germanium raised money to get involved in overseas mining projects…SOEs and private enterprises are engaged in a frenzy of overseas mine purchasing.A reporter with Economic     

Copper Processing Profit Dropped Sharply,Copper Consumption Will Face Impact in the Second Half of the Year

正Judging from China’s copper consumption field,the biggest consumption unit is electric power,which accounts for 47%of total consumption;it is followed by light industry sector,including household electrical appliance,machinery,durable goods and hardware etc,which accounts for 22%of total consumption;followed by transportation field,     

Central Geological Prospecting Fund Newly Added 16.47 Million Tonnes of Bauxite in 2013

正In 2013,the Central Geological Prospecting Fund(CGPF)Project newly discovered 15 ore fields,including 3 large above ore fields,and 5medium sized ore fields.The reporter learned from the recently published"Annual Report of Central Geological Prospecting Fund Project(2013)"that,from 2006 to 2013 the CGPF     

Manufacturers of Copper Tube for Central Air Conditioner Use Face Mounting Pressure in the Final Quarter of the Year

正This year,the investment growth rate of real estate industry continued to slow down,sold area of commercial housing also dropped significantly,which brought huge pressure to the domestic air conditioning manufactures.In the first half of the year,by relying on high growth in national financial expenditure,along with investment in public infrastructure     

Xinjiang Ranks No.1 in Production of Primary Aluminum in China

正Kang Yi,Honorary Chairman of China Nonferrous Metals Industry Association,said recently at the Forum on Development of the Non-ferrous Metals Industry in Central and Western China held in Zhengzhou that,as more and more electrolytic aluminum factories in Xinjiang came into operation,the electrolytic aluminum output of Xinjiang had reached2,275,000 tons in the first 7 months this year,     

Shenhuo Coal Industry and Electricity Power Completed800,000 t/a Aluminum Project in Xinjiang

正"Xinjiang project has been completed according to schedule,but total completion and total start of production are two different concepts,after completion it still needs a gradual process of reaching production target."On the morning of November 3,Shenhuo Coal Industry and Electricity Power told investors the above statement on the investor interaction platform.     

Guangdong Metal Transaction Center has Become the Second Largest Precious Metal Transaction Platform Nationwide

正The reporter learned from Guangdong Province Precious Metal Transaction Center that in 2013the Center maintained healthy development momentum,and had become the second largest precious metal transaction platform in China in terms of market size;currently Guangdong is quickening steps of financial innovation for the Center,aiming to build a transaction center with international core competitiveness.     

Seven Rare Earth Projects Involving Close to 3 Billion Yuan Investment Landed In the HighTech Zone

正On May 22,Baotou Rare Earth Industry Cooperation Consultation MeetingProject Agreement-signing Ceremony was held in Ningbo,nearly 40 enterprises from Ningbo,Guangdong,Hunan,and Shanxi participated in project consultation.After multi-lateral communication,agreements were signed for a total of 7 rare earth projects successfully.