RPM技术在生物陶瓷人工骨制备过程中的应用

生物陶瓷人工骨特别是长干骨的制备,目前还是一个未解决的难题。本文介绍了一种以高速发展的计算机技术为依托的新技术———快速原型制造技术,介绍了其原理、特点和工艺,并介绍了其在人工骨制备过程中的应用现状。     

RPM技术在生物陶瓷人工骨制备过程中的应用

生物陶瓷人工骨特别是长干骨的制备，目前还是一个未解决的难题。本文介绍了一种以高速发展的计算机技术为依托的新技术-快速原型制造技术，介绍了其原理、特点和工艺，并介绍了其在人工骨制备过程中的应用现状。     

人工硬组织材料磷酸钙骨水泥制备方法研究

本研究从磷酸钙骨水泥制备方法开始,通过改变磷酸钙骨水泥原料和其制备工艺,用传统水泥工艺法采用骨质原料成功烧制了性能优良的磷酸钙骨水泥。研究了试样组成的配料计算和升温机制。探讨了人工硬组织材料磷酸钙骨水泥制备方法。     

2005年塑料新材料、新应用进展之一

清华纳米人工骨获准美国专利经过近两年的审核和考察,由清华大学材料系崔福斋教授课题组研究的纳米人工骨,于3月份获得美国专利局颁发的专利批准通知。专利授权证书将纳米人工骨的专利名称定为"纳米磷酸钙胶原基骨修复材料"(Nano-Calcium Phosphates/Collagen Based Bone Substitute Materials),这为纳米人工骨开拓海外市场奠定了基础。纳米人工骨2002年11月获得我国国家药品监督管理局用于临床人体实验的许可,2004年3月份获得我国国家食品药品监督管理局的三类植入产品试生产注册证,成为我国首个可以在市场上公开销售和应用的纳米医药…     

生物陶瓷人工骨制备的新方法

主要介绍了近年来发展起来的两种新技术 :快速原型制造技术和放电等离子烧结技术。概括了两种技术的原理、特点以及在人工骨制备中的应用 ,提出了用这两种技术制备人工骨的设想。     

陶瓷人工骨关节

一种采用纳米技术的陶瓷人工骨关节,可以为病人减轻痛苦——一般人工骨寿命只有8年,而它在一次植入后就不用再换了。6月18日,鹭燕生物科技公司与清华大学核能与新能源技术研究院正式合作,纳米复合陶瓷与金属髋关节假体及仿骨矿物相人工骨技术落户厦门集美,项目总投资1.2亿元。     

纳米羟基磷灰石的制备及表征

采用化学沉淀法制备了羟基磷灰石纳米粒子,并且通过扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、X射线衍射(XRD)、红外光谱(IR)等测试手段,对其进行了表征。实验结果表明:以Ca(OH)2和H3PO4为原料所制备出的纳米羟基磷灰石纳米粒子多呈针状或短棒状,平均粒径20~25 nm,长75~80 nm,且大小均匀,分散性好。尺寸和形状更接近人体骨磷灰石结构,并能与骨形成牢固的化学结合,是一种很有应用前景的人工骨和人工口腔材料。     

Ca-P仿生人工骨材料的设计与制备

本文设计了用磷酸钙生物陶瓷制备仿生人工骨的工艺路线 ,从原料合成、材料成型和烧结等讨论了仿骨材料的制备方法     

碳纤维增强BT-HA复合材料的制备与性能

目前,人工骨由于力学性能不佳在应用上受到极大的限制,因此,如何在保证人工骨具有压电性能和生物性能的前提下提高其力学性能成为了研究热点。本文以钛酸钡-羟基磷灰石(BT-HA)复合材料为基体,质量分数为5%的碳纤维(C_f)作为增强体,利用传统固相烧结法制备了C_f/BT-HA复合材料,目的是在保证电学性能不变的前提下提高复合材料的力学性能。结果表明,BT-HA复合材料中加入C_f后,电学性能基本保持不变,力学性能得到了很大的提升。样品具有较好的铁电性,压电常数d₃₃为37 pC/N,居里温度为170 ℃,高于人工骨的使用温度。抗弯强度达到121.7 MPa,硬度达到3.56 GPa,均增大到未加C_f样品的3倍,断裂韧性增加了1倍,达到1.21 MPa·m^1/2。C_f/BT-HA复合材料没有细胞毒性且骨诱导性良好,有望应用于骨替代材料领域。     

可吸收纳米复合人工骨材料研究获进展

正2016年8月,中国科学院长春应用化学研究所牵头承担的"可吸收纳米复合人工骨材料与器件的产业化关键技术研究"项目顺利通过由省科技厅组织的专家验收。该项目是吉林省"双十工程"重大科技攻关项目,专家组一致认为该项目在可吸收纳米复合人工骨材料方面的研究达到了国内领先水平,并建议进一步加快产品的临床应用和商业化进程,拓宽其应用领域。该项目通过科研人员的不懈努力,圆满完成了从可降解原材料合成到自主开发可吸收纳米复合人     

Research progress regarding nanohydroxyapatite and its composite biomaterials in bone defect repair

Bone defects are very common, and there has been a great deal of research in the field of orthopedics to find ideal materials to repair such defects. Nanohydroxyapatite is a good bone substitute material; it has a number of structural similarities to natural bone, can promote new bone formation, is noncytotoxic, and has good biodegradability and biocompatibility. The use of composite and polymeric biomaterials can overcome the problems associated with the brittleness and weak mechanical properties of nanohydroxyapatite. Nanohydroxyapatite and its composite biomaterials were confirmed to play important roles in bone defect repair. This review presents a comparison of research regarding use of nanohydroxyapatite and its composite biomaterials in repairing bone defects. The goal is to identify the artificial bone substitute materials with the best biocompatibility and clinical repairing effects for various individuals and clinical situations.     

Spontaneous Formation of Bonelike Apatite Layer on Chemically Treated Titanium Metals

Generally, artificial materials implanted into bone defects are encapsulated by a fibrous tissue isolating them from the surrounding bone. Only limited kinds of ceramics are known to bond to living bone without forming the fibrous tissue, and already they are being used clinically as important artificial bones. However, they cannot be used under highly loaded conditions, since their fracture toughnesses are not so high as that of human cortical bone. The present study shows that even pure titanium metal and its alloys can bond to living bone, if their surfaces are pre-treated with alkali hydroxide solutions. Thus-treated metals are believed to be useful as artificial bones even under highly loaded conditions because of their high bone-bonding ability as well as high fracture toughness.     

A comprehensive review on the preparation and application of calcium hydroxyapatite: A special focus on atomic doping methods for bone tissue engineering

Hydroxyapatite (HAP) has been considered to be one of the most preferred scaffold materials among many in the last decade for the bone tissue engineering. Be it prosthetic implants, scaffolds or artificial bone cement, hydroxyapatite has received highest attraction among all due to its chemical and physical properties similar to that of human bone. Although it can be used in the bone tissue engineering as the original composition; for enhancing its different properties relevant to in vivo applications, the calcium in HAP may also be replaced by other atomic dopants depending on usage. Here, we review various HAP coating agents and methods, their merits and demerits. We also review various HAP doping materials, including both cationic as well as anionic materials. We discuss the effects and usage of substitution of hydroxyapatite and their subsequent usage in both bone tissue engineering and maxillofacial surgeries. We consider various research articles published in recent times to accomplish detailed discussion on the subject.     

人工神经网络在污水处理中的应用

文章对污水处理系统的特点进行了分析,并针对时变性、非线性、复杂性和不确定性的特点,提出应用人工智能技术对其进行智能控制是实现城市污水处理系统自动控制的重要方法。对人工神经网络控制特点进行了介绍,综述了国内外人工神经网络在污水处理不同领域中的应用研究,并结合国内外研究动态,简要分析了人工神经网络污水处理今后的发展方向。     

丙烯酸酯类骨水泥

本文介绍了丙烯酸酯类骨水泥的组成、性能及在人工关节置换和填补骨缺损中的应用情况，并对目前国内生产情况和发展趋势进行了评述。     

Bioceramics based on calcium orthophosphates (Review)

The modern level of knowledge on biomaterials and bioceramics based on calcium orthophosphates is shown. These chemical compounds have special value, since they are the inorganic component of normal and pathological solid tissues in man and mammals. As a result of the high chemical similarity to the solid tissues of mammals, many calcium orthophosphates possess exceptional biocompatibility and bioactivity. These properties of the material are actively being used for developing artificial bone implants.     

A Review of Cell Adhesion Studies for Biomedical and Biological Applications

Cell adhesion is essential in cell communication and regulation, and is of fundamental importance in the development and maintenance of tissues. The mechanical interactions between a cell and its extracellular matrix (ECM) can influence and control cell behavior and function. The essential function of cell adhesion has created tremendous interests in developing methods for measuring and studying cell adhesion properties. The study of cell adhesion could be categorized into cell adhesion attachment and detachment events. The study of cell adhesion has been widely explored via both events for many important purposes in cellular biology, biomedical, and engineering fields. Cell adhesion attachment and detachment events could be further grouped into the cell population and single cell approach. Various techniques to measure cell adhesion have been applied to many fields of study in order to gain understanding of cell signaling pathways, biomaterial studies for implantable sensors, artificial bone and tooth replacement, the development of tissue-on-a-chip and organ-on-a-chip in tissue engineering, the effects of biochemical treatments and environmental stimuli to the cell adhesion, the potential of drug treatments, cancer metastasis study, and the determination of the adhesion properties of normal and cancerous cells. This review discussed the overview of the available methods to study cell adhesion through attachment and detachment events.     

Preparation and characterization of alginate and hydroxyapatite‐based biocomposite

In this article, we report a novel route for the preparation of alginate‐hydroxyapatite biocomposite. Hydroxyapatite has been nucleated on alginate chains by precipitation method to obtain a biomimetic artificial bone‐like composite. The composite was characterized by powder XRD, FTIR, TGA, DTA, and SEM to ascertain its phase homogeneity and particle size distribution. Hydroxyapatite particles on alginate matrix are around 500–1000 nm in diameter. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 102: 5162–5165, 2006     

Comparison of calcite and vaterite as precursors for CO3Ap artificial bone fabrication through a dissolution–precipitation reaction

Carbonate apatite (CO₃Ap) artificial bone is fabricated in an aqueous solution using calcium carbonate as a precursor. CO₃Ap has attracted attention because it demonstrates high osteoconductivity and can replace a damaged bone based on the bone remodeling process. This study aims to compare vaterite and calcite, which are metastable and stable polymorphs of calcium carbonate, respectively, as precursors. When the vaterite granules, which have higher solubility and consist of smaller crystals than calcite, prepared from calcium oxide granules were immersed in disodium hydrogen phosphate solution, the compositional transformation to CO₃Ap was quicker than that of calcite. Based on the investigations on rabbit femurs, it was observed that the remodeling of CO₃Ap to a new bone was faster when vaterite was used as a precursor compared to when calcite was used as a precursor. It is concluded that vaterite can be a better precursor than calcite for CO₃Ap artificial bone fabrication.