高官能度低粘度聚醚多元醇的研制

以含氮化合物、蔗糖、环氧丙烷等为原料，合成了硬泡用高官能度、低粘度聚醚多元醇。该聚醚多元醇２５℃粘度为３５００～４４００ｍＰａ· ｓ，理论官能度为５．６～６．４，羟值约为５００ｍｇＫＯＨ／ｇ。以该聚醚为基的聚氨酯硬泡，其主要性能与以通用聚醚为基的硬泡相当。     

氢氯氟烃（HCFCs）发泡剂在聚氨酯硬泡中的应用

本文介绍了ＨＣＦＣ－１４１ｂ、ＨＣＦＣ－１２３、ＨＣＦＣ－２２发泡及ＨＣＦＣ－２２／ＨＣＦＣ－１４１ｂ、ＨＣＦＣ－２２／ＨＣＦＣ－１２３共发泡在聚氨酯硬泡中的应用，并对用ＨＣＦＣｓ发泡时如何改进聚氨酯硬泡的绝热性能进行了探讨。     

聚氨酯硬泡外墙外保温工程技术导则（摘编三）

5．聚氨酯硬泡外墙外保温系统性能指标体系聚氨酯硬泡外墙外保温系统性能指标体系包括聚氨酯硬泡本身的材料性能指标、胶粘剂等配套材料的性能指标、外保温系统的整体性能指标等。     

零ODP发泡剂在聚氨酯硬泡中的应用

本文对聚氨酯硬泡用四类零ＯＤＰ发泡剂：水、碳氢化合物、全氟烷、氢氟烃等发泡特性进行了比较，并着重以ＨＦＣ－１３４ａ和ＨＦＣ－３５６为例介绍了氢氟烃发泡剂在聚氨酯硬泡中的应用。     

聚氨酯硬泡防水保温屋面施工质量的控制

本文通过聚氨酯防水保温材料的主要性能、聚氨酯硬泡合成原理及主要材料组成等的论述,指出了聚氨酯硬泡的喷涂成型工艺,最后指出了聚氨酯硬泡在防水保温屋面应用中,应加强施工质量的检查。     

加强聚氨酯硬泡防水保温屋面施工质量的检查

本文通过聚氨酯防水保温材料的主要性能、聚氨酯硬泡合成原理及主要材料组成等的论述,指出了聚氨酯硬泡的喷涂成型工艺,最后指出了聚氨酯硬泡在防水保温屋面应用中,应加强施工质量的检查。     

消息动态

全水发泡聚氨酯硬泡体系江苏省化工研究所自 1999年获得蒙特利尔多边基金的资助、进行无ＣＦＣ聚氨酯发泡技术的研究以来 ,高起点地选择开发全水发泡技术 ,研制了专用的ＰＥ60 0系列聚醚多元醇 ,并且对有关助剂进行细致的筛选 ,开发了低粘度全水发泡聚氨酯硬泡组合料。制备的硬质聚氨酯泡沫塑料 ,整体密度为 ( 4 5± 5 )ｋｇ/ｍ3,压缩强度和拉伸强度分别大于 2 0 0ｋＰａ、2 5 0ｋＰａ ,导热系数小于 0 .0 2 7Ｗ/ (ｍ·Ｋ) ,尺寸稳定性 ( 80℃2 4ｈ ,- 2 5℃ 2 4ｈ)小于 1%。该泡沫克服了传统的高水量发泡聚氨酯硬泡的诸多缺陷 ,具有原液粘…     

浅谈聚氨酯硬泡保温材料阻燃技术

聚氨酯硬泡保温材料属于有机高分子保温材料,其导热系数为所有保温材料中最低、热工性能最为优越的一类材料。介绍了聚氨酯硬泡保温材料的燃烧过程,阐述了聚氨酯硬泡保温材料的阻燃处理方法及其发展趋势。     

聚氨酯硬泡改性研究的新进展

综述了颗粒填充,纤维增强,多孔无机材料增强,原料替代等聚氨酯硬泡改性研究的最新进展,指出了聚氨酯硬泡改性的发展趋势,即大力发展易于降解和回收的聚氨酯硬泡,开发出性能好的新型纳米级增强材料,研究出综合性能优异的多元复合材料。     

环戊烷发泡剂及其聚氨酯硬泡性能研究

论述了氯氟烃（ＣＦＣ－１１）替代品环烷（Ｃｙｃｌｏｐｅｎｔａｎｅ）的性质和基应用于全无氟绿色冰箱聚氨酯硬泡性能的研究结果,解决环戊烷发泡剂易燃、易燃在聚醚多元酵中的溶解度差的问题是开发环戊烷发泡剂应用领域的重要课题。文中列出了环戊烷聚氨酯硬泡塑料的性能参数：芯密度３２．６ｋｇ／ｍ＾３;压缩强度１２５ｋＰａ;导在２４℃条件下为１６．３ｍＷ．（ｍ．Ｋ）＾－１;尺寸稳定性在７０℃、ｈ条件下为０．７％。     

Processing‐structure‐property relationship in rigid polyurethane foams

Rigid polyurethane (PU) foam is used as a thermal insulating and supporting material in domestic refrigerator/freezers and it is produced by reaction injection molding (RIM) process. There is a need to improve the thermal property of rigid PU foam but this is still a challenging problem. Accordingly, this work investigates the RIM process parameters to evaluate their effects on rigid PU foam's structure and hence property. It has been found that mold temperature is a key parameter whereas curing time has negligible effect on structure of PU foam. Cell size, strut thickness, and foam density have been found very critical in controlling the thermal and mechanical properties. Upper and lower values of 30 to 32 kg/m³ density are critical to observe contribution of radiation and solid conductivity separately. Finally, PU foam with 160 µm average cell size, 16 µm strut thickness, below 10% open cell content, and 30 to 32 kg/m³ density allow obtaining better thermal insulation without significant reducing in the compressive strength. The presented work provides a better understanding of processing‐structure‐property relationship to gain knowledge on producing high‐quality rigid PU foams with improved properties. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2017 , 134, 44870.     

Preparation technique and property evaluation of flame‐retarding/thermal‐insulating/puncture‐resisting PU foam composites

In this study, flame‐retarding property of PU foam was realized by compounding with flame‐retarding nonwovens in order to stop flame burning and spread. Followed with global warming, thermal‐insulating materials are also used inside of building for energy conservation. This article presents preparation technique and property evaluation of PU composite board composed of composite nonwovens and PU foam by integrating foaming process. By optimization of composite nonwoven, effects of foam density and nonwoven composition on flame‐retarding and thermal‐insulating properties were discussed. Puncture resistance property of composite board was also investigated for resisting against sharp‐object impacts. The resultant composite board would be applied as partition materials in future building decoration. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2014 , 131, 40463.     

催化剂对废旧PU硬泡回收再利用的影响

用含有小分子醇的交联剂和催化剂使废旧聚氨酯（PU）硬泡进行降解能够获得多元醇,将降解料与聚醚多元醇、催化剂和发泡剂共混以制备白料,然后与黑料异氰酸酯混合均匀,得到再生PU硬泡。通过对降解产物的黏度、羟值以及获得的再生PU硬泡材料的密度、强度、吸水率、热稳定性、扫描电子显微镜、红外光谱和热失重等进行测试分析,得出了催化剂添加量对废旧PU材料回收再利用的影响因素。结果表明,催化剂（KOH）用量为0.9 g时废旧PU的降解效果最好,获得的再生PU硬泡的密度为37.6 kg/cm³,压缩强度为164.2 kPa,热导率为0.015 24 W/（m·K）,吸水率为0.429 5 %。     

Mechanical,acoustic, and thermal performances of shear thickening fluid–filled rigid polyurethane foam composites: Effects of content of shear thickening fluid and particle size of silica

Shear thickening fluid (STF) features a rheological property, and rigid polyurethane (PU) foams feature low thermal conductivity and excellent acoustic insulation. In this study, an STF/PU rigid foam composite sandwich structure was designed using different contents (0, 0.5, 1, or 1.5 wt %) of STF that contained 14 nm, 40 nm, or 75 nm silicon dioxide (SiO₂). The effects of STF content and silica size on the cell structure, mechanical performance, acoustic absorption, and thermal performance of the STF/PU foam were explored. The test results show that STF/PU foam exhibited three characteristic acoustic absorption peaks, and the maximum acoustic absorption coefficient reached 0.841. STF addition increased compression, bending strength, and maximum acoustic coefficient, as well as initial mass loss temperature. STF-filled PU foam composites containing 14 nm and 40 nm SiO₂ had a mild rise in thermal insulation. The rigid STF/PU foam composites with a cell structure had the maximum thermal conductivity of 0.22 W m⁻¹ K⁻¹ and sound absorption coefficient of 0.841, which confirm that they are a good candidate for sound-absorbing energy conservation materials. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019 , 136, 47359.     

Morphology,mechanical properties,and thermal stability of polyurethane–epoxide resin interpenetrating polymer network rigid foams

A series of rigid interpenetrating network foams (IPNFs) based on a rosin‐based polyurethane (PU) and a crosslinked epoxide resin (ER) were prepared by a simultaneous polymerization technique. The morphology, mechanical properties, thermal stability, and changes in the chemical structure during the thermal degradation process of the rigid IPNFs were investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), compressive testing, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The SEM micrographs showed that the cell structure of the rigid IPNFs became less homogeneous with increasing ER content. The brittleness of the cell walls increased as the ER content and the cure time of the rigid IPNFs increased. The compressive strength of the rigid PU/ER IPNFs increased to a maximum value and then decreased with further increase in the ER content. Similar behavior was observed for the elastic modulus. This behavior was related to the nonhomogeneous cells and more brittle cell walls for the rigid IPNFs with high ER content. The TGA data showed that the thermal stability of the rigid PU foam increased with the addition of increasing levels of ER, due to the better thermal stability of the ER compared to that of the PU. With the exception of the ER alone, a two‐stage weight‐loss process was observed for all these rigid IPNFs and for the PU foam alone. The FTIR analysis suggested that the first stage of weight loss was due to the degradation of the polyol–derived blocks of the PU, and the second weight loss stage was governed by both the degradation of the ER component and that of the isocyanate‐derived blocks of the PU. © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 75: 406–416, 2000     

Role of additives in fabrication of soy-based rigid polyurethane foam for structural and thermal insulation applications

Environmental concerns continue to pose the challenge to replace petroleum-based products with renewable ones completely or at least partially while maintaining comparable properties. Herein, rigid polyurethane (PU) foams were prepared using soy-based polyol for structural and thermal insulation applications. Cell size, density, thermal resistivity, and compression force deflection (CFD) values were evaluated and compared with that of petroleum-based PU foam Baydur 683. The roles of different additives, that is, catalyst, blowing agent, surfactants, and different functionalities of polyol on the properties of fabricated foam were also investigated. For this study, dibutyltin dilaurate was employed as catalyst and water as environment friendly blowing agent. Their competitive effect on density and cell size of the PU foams were evaluated. Five different silicone-based surfactants were employed to study the effect of surface tension on cell size of foam. It was also found that 5 g of surfactant per 100 g of polyol produced a foam with minimum surface tension and highest thermal resistivity (R value: 26.11 m²·K/W). However, CFD values were compromised for higher surfactant loading. Additionally, blending of 5 g of higher functionality soy-based polyol improved the CFD values to 328.19 kPa, which was comparable to that of petroleum-based foam Baydur 683.     

Preparation and characterization of microencapsulated ammonium polyphosphate and its synergistic flame‐retarded polyurethane rigid foams with expandable graphite

A facile and effective method for the preparation of microencapsulated ammonium polyphosphate (MAPP) by in situ surface polymerization was introduced. The ‘polyurethane‐like’ shell structure on the surface of MAPP was characterized by using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The hydrophobicity and thermal behavior of MAPP were studied by using water contact angle tests and thermogravimetric analysis. The foam density and mechanical properties of polyurethane (PU) rigid foams were investigated. The flame retardancy of PU rigid foams formulated with MAPP was evaluated by using limiting oxygen index and cone calorimetry. The results show that MAPP can greatly increase the flame retardancy of PU materials. Also, there is a synergistic effect between MAPP and expandable graphite in flame retarding PU rigid foams. Moreover, the water resistance property of PU/MAPP composites is better than that of PU/ammonium polyphosphate. The morphology and chemical structure of PU/MAPP rigid foams after burning were systematically investigated. © 2013 Society of Chemical Industry     

The effect of the trimerization catalyst on the thermal stability and the fire performance of the polyisocyanurate‐polyurethane foam

In this work, 3 currently used trimerization catalysts, TMR‐2 (quaternary ammonium), K‐15 (potassium octoate), and PU‐1792 (potassium acetate) were used to produce rigid polyisocyanurate (PIR) foams with certain amounts of isocyanurate contents. The results from Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) quantitative analysis showed that PU‐1792 had the highest catalytic efficiency in isocyanurate formation. Then, the effect of different amounts of PU‐1792 catalyst on isocyanurate ring output was further investigated, and the result showed that the highest amount of isocyanurate ring formation could be attained by the 5 pphp of PU‐1792 catalyst. It was also found that the increased amount of isocyanurate ring could result in reduced cell size, improved compressive strength, and lowered thermal conductivity of PIR foam. The results from thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and cone calorimeter (CONE) test revealed that the thermal stability and fire performance of PIR foam could be improved with the increased amount of isocyanurate ring. Furthermore, the CONE test indicated that the smoke production of PIR foam decreased approximately 51.7% in comparison to the reference polyurethane (PU) foam, and the SEM image of char morphology showed that the char of PIR foam was more compact than PU foam.     

铝/磷/氮三元体系阻燃PU硬泡的制备与性能研究

以氢氧化铝、三聚氰胺和聚磷酸铵为阻燃剂制备了阻燃聚氨酯硬质泡沫,研究了添加氢氧化铝前后阻燃剂用量对聚氨酯(PU)硬泡的阻燃性能和力学性能的影响。结果表明,铝/磷/氮复配阻燃体系的阻燃效果优于磷/氮阻燃体系,阻燃剂总添加量达30份时,PU硬泡同时具备较好的阻燃性能和力学性能,氧指数为32,烟密度为74,平均燃烧时间为31 s,其压缩强度和拉伸强度分别为6.52 MPa和6.16 MPa。     

HFC-245fa聚氨酯硬泡的粘接性能研究

通过合成新型聚醚多元醇 ,对交联剂和催化剂的选择等试验 ,有效地改善了HFC 2 45fa聚氨酯硬泡的粘接性能 ,满足了冰箱冰柜生产对聚氨酯硬泡粘接强度的要求。研制生产的HFC 2 45fa组合聚醚发泡特性及发泡制品的性能均达到了CFC— 11型同类产品水平。