基于电火花加工方法的表面改性技术研究

研究了一种在普通电火花加工机床上实现金属工件表面改性的新方法。它是在传统电火花加工方法的基础上，采用TiC-Co半烧结体电极和普通煤油工作液，在工件表面形成一层硬质陶瓷层，从而达到改善工件表面性能的目的，这种新方法被称之为放电沉积。对放电沉积原理进行了探讨，在大量试验的基础上，总结了放电沉积的工艺方法。通过扫描电镜、电子探针、X射线衍射分析、摩擦磨损等试验，对形成的沉积层特性进行了定量和定性分析。最后利用该方法在普通的高速钢车刀上进行了初步应用。试验与分析表明，该方法是一种极具潜力的金属表面改性方法。     

一种采用电火花加工技术的表面改性方法

研究了一种在普通电火花加工机床上实现金属工件表面改性的新方法。它是在传统电火花加工方法的基础上,通过特制的半烧结体电极,在电火花加工过程中能够在工件表面迅速形成一层硬质碳化物陶瓷,从而达到改善工件表面性能的目的。对这种方法的原理进行了初步的探讨,并在大量实验的基础上,通过厚度测量、硬度梯度测试、X射线衍射分析等一系列实验手段,对沉积层的生成特性进行了详细的分析。最后利用本方法在普通的高速钢车刀上进行了初步应用。试验与分析表明,用电火花加工的方法进行金属表面沉积陶瓷层技术是一种极具潜力的表面改性方法。     

用Ti压粉体电极进行金属表面沉积陶瓷层的研究

系统研究了在通用电火花加工机床上，用Ti压粉体电极进行金属表面放电沉积陶瓷层的技术。深入分析了放电沉积的原理，对沉积工艺进行了讨论，通过金相分析、X射线衍射、电子探针扫描、摩擦磨损实验等手段，对形成的沉积层特性进行了定量和定性的分析。试验与分析表明，用Ti压粉体电极进行金属表面放电沉积陶瓷层是1种极具潜力的表面改性方法，这种方法将会在工、模具表面强化方面得以广泛应用。     

空气中微细电火花沉积与去除可逆加工技术研究

论述了一种新的电火花加工方法。它使用通用的电火花成形加工机床,利用常见的电极材料,在空气介质中,通过脉冲放电在工件表面上沉积生长电极材料,再通过反转极性和适当的轨迹控制对所生成的沉积材料进行有选择的去除加工,进而实现材料的生长与去除可逆加工。通过对电火花加工理论的研究,预测和论证了实现这一新加工方法的可能性和实现条件。通过试验成功地将钢、铜和钨三种电极材料沉积到工件上,形成直径为 100~240 mm、高度为1 000~2 500 mm的微小圆柱体。并对沉积物进行了选择去除,实现了在同一设备上的可逆电火花加工。对沉积材料的致密性、硬度及其与工件的结合强度等进行了系统的分析,表明沉积物组织致密、坚硬,可以满足功能材料的要求。     

混粉电火花加工工件表面质量影响因素分析

基于混粉电火花加工的对比试验,解释了表面缺陷产生的原因,获得峰值电流、脉宽、伺服电压等放电参数对白层形成的影响规律。研究结果表明在电火花加工中工件表面白层的形成是引起表面裂纹的主要原因,将峰1直电流IP降低至2A可有效减小白层的厚度,峰值过小反而会增加白层的厚度;脉冲宽度Ton的减小能降低白层的厚度且使其分布更均匀;合适的伺服电压能够使白层的表面缺陷减少。在此基础上,完成大面积工件的加工,分析热影响层的特点。     

电火花加工最新技术进展

1、放电堆积造型 毛利尚武教授、斋藤长男教授和三菱电极名古屋制作所合作,在进行液中电火花放电表面改性处理时,在S45C钢上成功地堆积除WC厚膜(层),并进行了将电火花堆积和电火花去除加工相组合对工件进行修复的试验。毛利尚武教授还用钨电极(φ0.1mm)成功地进行了电火花堆积。日本名古屋工业大学早     

空气中微细电火花沉积的工艺规律研究

论述了一种新的电火花加工方法，它通过合理选择工艺条件在空气中将金属材料放电沉积在工件上。对电火花沉积加工的基本原理进行了分析，预测了实现条件，使用通用的电火花成形加工机床和常见的电极材料黄铜，在空气介质中，通过大量实验对微细电火花沉积进行了系统研究，得出各工艺参数的影响规律。在高速钢工件表面沉积出直径为0．19mm、高度为7.35mm的微小圆柱体。对沉积材料的测试表明，沉积材料致密，与基体结合紧密，成分取决于工具电极材料，同时基体硬度得到提高。     

混粉电火花加工Ti-6Al-4V钛合金表面强化研究

以石墨为工具电极,在精密电火花成型机床上进行混粉电火花加工,对Ti-6Al-4V钛合金表面进行强化处理。利用TR200手持式粗糙度仪对传统电火花加工和混粉电火花加工的表面进行粗糙度的测量,并利用SEM、XRD等研究混粉电火花加工参数对加工表面层的影响。在MMU-10G型摩擦磨损试验机上对基体表面、普通电火花加工工件及磁力搅拌混粉电火花加工工件表面进行摩擦磨损试验。磁力搅拌混粉电火花加工使得工件表面的粗糙度降低且随着峰值电流和脉冲宽度的增大而增大,提高了工件表面质量。随着峰值电流和脉冲宽度的增大强化层越均匀、致密性越好且强化层越厚。工件表面还生成了TiC硬质合金相使工件表面耐磨性得到提高,工件表面性能显著改善。混粉电火花加工后工件表面得到强化。     

磁力搅拌混粉电火花加工Ti-6Al-4V表面改性

为实现Ti-6Al-4V的表面改性,利用磁力搅拌混粉电火花技术在不同电参数下,用紫铜电极对Ti-6Al-4V钛合金材料在混粉工作介质中进行了负极性加工。采用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、X射线衍射仪等对材料强化层的成分、表面形貌及组织结构进行分析;用FM800型显微硬度计测试断面不同位置处的显微硬度值。分析了脉冲宽度和峰值电流等因素对表面强化层的形成的影响规律。结果表明,磁力搅拌混粉电火花加工使得工件表面质量得以提高,工件表面形成了两种硬质合金相Ti C和Ti N,使得材料表面的硬度提高到基体材料的两倍。在不同脉冲能量条件下对混粉电火花加工的表面形貌进行了比较,当脉冲能量大时,放电凹坑越大且凹坑周围出现熔融状物质,表面质量变差。当脉冲能量较小时放电凹坑较小表面质量较好。     

工件附加超声混粉电火花复合加工试验研究

为了探究在混粉电火花加工中,将超声施加于工件对加工效果的影响,在成型电火花机床的基础上自行设计了一套工件附加超声的混粉电火花加工装置。并对TC4钛合金分别使用普通混粉电火花和超声混粉电火花进行加工,利用正交试验法通过极差分析确定两种加工方式的最优参数,通过对比试验,综合分析两种加工方式的试验结果。研究表明,在混粉电火花加工TC4钛合金过程中,将超声附加在工件上,加工时间减少了10%,表面粗糙度减少了15%,研究结果为实现TC4钛合金高效高质量的加工提供了参考。     

Minimal Realization of Linear Graph Models for Multi-physics Systems

An engineering system may consist of several different types of components,belonging to such physical"domains"as mechanical,electrical,fluid,and thermal.It is t...     

INTEGRAL EQUATION METHOD＇S APPLICATION IN HOLE-EDGE STRESS OF COMPOSITE MATERIAL PLATE WITH DIFFERENT SHAPED HOLES

The strength of composite plate with different hole-shapes is always one of the most important but complicated issues in the application of the composite material. The holes will lead to mutations and discontinuity to the structure. So the hole-edge stress concentration is always a serious phenomenon. And the phenomenon makes the structure strength decrease very quickly to form dangerous weak points. Most partial damage begins from these weak points. According to the complex variable functions theory, the accurate boundary condition of composite plate with different hole-shapes is founded by conformal mapping method to settle the boundary condition problem of complex hole-shapes. Composite plate with commonly hole-shapes in engineering is studied by several complex variable stress fimction. The boundary integral equations are founded based on exact boundary conditions. Then the exact hole-edge stress analytic solution of composite plate with rectangle holes and wing manholes is resolved. Both of offset axis loadings and its influences on the stress concentration coefficient of the hole-edge are discussed. And comparisons of different loads along various offset axis on the hole-edge stress distribution of orthotropic plate with rectangle hole or wing manhole are made. It can be concluded that hole-edge with continuous variable curvatures might help to decrease the stress concentration coefficient; and smaller angle of outer load and fiber can decrease the stress peak value.     

Non-monotonic material contrast in scanning ion and scanning electron images

30 keV Ga⁺ focused ion beam induced secondary electron (iSE) imaging was used to determine the relative contrast between several materials. The iSE signal compared from C, Si, Al, Ti, Cr, Ni, Cu, Mo, Ag, and W metal layers does not decrease with an increase in target atomic number Z₂, and shows a non-monotonic relationship between contrast and Z₂. The non-monotonic relationship is attributed to periodic fluctuations of the stopping power and sputter yield inherent to the ion–solid interactions. In addition, material contrast from electron-induced secondary electron (eSE) and backscattered electron (BSE) images using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) also shows non-monotonic contrast as a function of Z₂, following the periodic behavior of the stopping power for electron–solid interactions. A comparison of the iSE and eSE results shows similar relative contrast between the metal layers, and not complementary contrast as conventionally understood. These similarities in the contrast behavior can be attributed to similarities in the periodic and non-monotonic function defined by incident particle–solid interaction theory.     

Application of Feature Extraction through Convolution Neural Networks and SVM Classifier for Robust Grading of Apples

This paper proposes a novel grading method of apples,in an automated grading device that uses convolutional neural networks to extract the size,color,texture,an...     

分布动态载荷识别的抗噪处理

针对正交多项式频域法在用多种响应对矩形薄板进行载荷识别中抗噪性较差的问题,综合运用平均法、矩阵预处理和奇异值截断法等方法对之进行改善,并引入空间映射的思想,将该方法的应用范围拓展为复杂的模型.利用仿真算例,证实了该方法具有较好的抗噪性.     

Short-Term Relay Quality Prediction Algorithm Based on Long and Short-Term Memory

The fraction defective of semi-finished products is predicted to optimize the process of relay production lines, by which production quality and productivity ar...     

End-to-End Multiview Gesture Recognition for Autonomous Car Parking System

The use of hand gestures can be the most intuitive human-machine interaction medium.The early approaches for hand gesture recognition used device-based methods....     

基于MELTAC-N平台的核电厂安全级DCS环网研究与测试

针对工程实践中环网通讯相关问题的处理缺乏理论基础及国产化安全级DCS平台的开发缺乏成熟经验借鉴问题,对基于MELTAC-N平台核电厂安全级DCS环网的软硬件实现进行了研究。提出了安全级DCS环网双环网冗余设计、光切换开关设计等硬件设计方法,以及以RPR协议为基础,采用全数据收发策略的软件设计方法。在CPR1000安全级DCS平台上对安全级DCS环网的可靠性及实时性进行了评价,并进行了容错能力、响应时间及响应时间稳定性测试验证实验。结果表明,基于MELTAC-N平台安全级DCS环网软硬件设计具有较好的容错能力及响应时间稳定性。     

The laboratory simulation of abrasive wear

Abrasive wear has long been recognised as one of the most potentially serious tribological problems facing the operators of many types of plant and machinery; several industrial surveys have indicated that wear by abrasion can be responsible for more than 50% of unscheduled machine and plant stoppages. Locating the operating point of a tribological contact in an appropriate operational ‚map’︁ can provide a useful guide to the likely nature and origins of the surface degradation experienced in use, though care must be exercised in choosing the most suitable parameters for the axes of the plot. Laboratory testing of materials and simulations of machine contacts are carried out for a number of purposes; at one level for the very practical aims of ranking candidate materials or surface hardening treatments in order of their wear resistance, or in an attempt to predict wear lives under field conditions. More fundamentally, tests may be aimed at elucidating the essential physical mechanisms of surface damage and loss, with the longer term aim of building an analytical and predictive model of the wear process itself. In many cases, component surface damage is brought about by the ingress of hard, particulate matter into machine bearing or sealing clearances. These may be running dry although, more usually, a lubricant or service fluid is present at the interface. A number of standardised wear test geometries and procedures have been established for both two- and three-body wear situations, and these are briefly described. Although abrasive wear is often modelled as following an ‚Archard’︁ equation (i.e. a linear increase in material loss with both load and time, and an inverse dependence on specimen hardness) both industrial experience and laboratory tests of particularly lubricated contacts show that this is not always the case: increasing the hardness differential in an abrasively contaminated lubricated pair may not always reduce the rate of damage to the harder surface.     

ANGULAR DISTORTION ALLOWABLE VALUE AND ASSESS METHOD OF WELD ON COKE TOWER

A graph as the new engineering method for estimate the safety of bulging deformation of coke tower is proposed. Through stresses analysis of circumferential weld of coke tower and comparing the stresses produced by pressure with heat stress of steady state, residual stress, bending stress produced by both itself weight and wind loads, it showed that the stresses produced by pressure on the angle distortion are the main factor of equivalent stress of the combined stress. After comparing four kinds of stress controlling conditions, the relation to stress with depth of angular distortion, grade of curvature of angular distortion and half of region of angular distortion has been inferred. Graph of deformation allowable value of coke tower for different condition by angular distortion and half of region of angular distortion has been plotted. The five steps for its engineering use have been explained. The lighter the grade of curvature is, the larger of bulge allowance, may be, and the bigger of depth of angular distortion may pose too. For the coke tower with a popular structure of Dg 5 400 mm×28 mm, the result by graph is nearly more than the result of two formulas formed by other research, the error is less than 7.0%. But, the graph can be easily applied to different size of angular distortion.