环流流化床反应器中乙烯气相聚合反应研究

研究开发了１种新型的用于乙烯气相聚合反应的环流流化床反应器。通过对工业Ａ催化剂和实验室自制的ＱＣＰ－０１催化剂的乙烯气相聚合反应评价及聚合物产品的颗粒形态等方面的研究,认为环流流化床反应器具有聚合反应平稳、催化剂的聚合活性高、产品粒径分布均匀等特点,是１种具有良好应用前景的新型反应器。     

球形MgCl_2载体催化剂催化乙烯聚合

制备和分析了不同粒径催化剂及其催化聚合物,研究了球形MgCl_2载体催化剂在乙烯聚合过程中的催化性能和动力学行为。结果表明:大颗粒催化剂的聚合过程中明显存在传热和传质阻力;一定的预聚合可以改善聚合物的形态和堆密度。     

乙烯淤浆聚合用Ziegler-Natta催化剂的制备及催化性能

通过加入新型给电子体制备了适用于乙烯淤浆聚合工艺的Ziegler-Natta催化剂。采用激光粒径分析仪、扫描电子显微镜、比表面吸附仪及X射线衍射仪分析和表征了催化剂的粒径、形态和物理结构等。采用乙烯淤浆聚合法研究了该催化剂的乙烯淤浆聚合性能,并与进口参比催化剂进行了比较。结果表明:在氢气分压为0.28 MPa、乙烯分压为0.45 MPa、反应温度为80℃、反应时间为2 h的条件下,催化剂活性达到21.3 kg/(g·h),聚合物堆密度达到0.34 g/cm3,粒径小于100μm的细粉含量为1.87%,催化剂的综合指标优于参比催化剂。     

乙烯淤浆聚合催化剂制备PE100级管材专用树脂的研究

采用新型给电子体通过沉淀析出法制备了乙烯淤浆聚合催化剂(GZ催化剂),并分析了GZ催化剂的颗粒大小、粒径分布和形貌。结果表明:GZ催化剂具有颗粒形态好、粒度分布集中的优点;GZ催化剂具有较好的氢调敏感性和共聚性能;由GZ催化剂制备的管材专用树脂的相对分子质量分布宽,结晶度高,晶片厚度大,具有良好的加工性能、力学性能及耐热性,其性能达到PE100级管材专用树脂的标准。     

高效MgCl2/SiO2复合载体型聚乙烯催化剂的研究

采用相同的工艺制备了两种不同的MgCl2/SiO2复合载体型Ziegler-Natta催化剂,考察了SiO2粒径对催化剂的形态结构及其催化乙烯聚合性能的影响,并利用BET测试仪和扫描电子显微镜(SEM)等对催化剂的形态和物性进行了表征。结果表明:加入小颗粒SiO2可以改善催化剂的颗粒形态和均匀程度,而且小颗粒SiO2制备的复合载体催化剂不仅具有较高的催化剂活性,还可使聚合产品的颗粒变得均匀,提高聚合物的堆密度,降低细粉含量,增强氢调敏感性。     

超临界溶液快速膨胀法制备二氯二茂钛微粒及催化乙烯聚合

为克服茂金属催化剂得到的聚合物形态难以控制、表观密度较低、易粘釜和不适于气相淤浆聚合等缺点,以超临界溶液快速膨胀过程为手段,以期制得颗粒分布均匀的细微催化剂颗粒,继而得到形态良好的聚合物.作为超临界流体技术的基础,首先测定了二氯二茂钛在超临界丙烷中的溶解度.在此基础上,用RESS方法制得了均匀的超细催化剂颗粒,且系统考察了溶液浓度、预膨胀温度、喷嘴结构和接收距离对沉析颗粒粒径的影响.最后,将RESS所制得的催化剂颗粒进行乙烯淤浆聚合,并分析聚合物形态结构.实验结果表明,在温度为383.15～408.15 K和压力为10～35 MPa范围内,溶解度随温度的增加而增加,随压力的升高而增加,说明在该操作范围内,不存在反向区.RESS操作的结果显示,二氯二茂钛颗粒粒径随溶液浓度的增大而减小,随预膨胀温度的升高而增大,而喷嘴直径的减小和喷嘴长度的增加将使得颗粒粒径增大,而收集距离的增加将使得颗粒粒径先增加后减缓,直至不再变化.通过对原始的催化剂颗粒和RESS制得的催化剂颗粒进行乙烯淤浆聚合表征发现,相比于原始催化剂,由于烯烃催化剂的复制原理,RESS制得的催化剂颗粒的聚合物具有良好的形态.     

气相法聚乙烯BCG-Ⅱ型催化剂的开发和应用

对气相法聚乙烯BCG-Ⅱ型催化剂的组成、粒径分布及催化剂的淤浆聚合性能进行了研究。研究结果表明，BCG—Ⅱ型催化剂的活性较高，聚合物堆密度适中，应用在Unipol乙烯气相聚合工艺装置上操作良好，所生产的树脂颗粒均匀。干爽且流动性好，产品质量合格、稳定。     

淤浆法聚乙烯催化剂的评价研究

齐格勒-纳塔(Ziegler-Natta)催化剂是目前世界广泛应用的聚乙烯催化剂,通过改性可以使其具有良好的氢调敏感性和共聚性能。作者考察了钛系淤浆法高密度聚乙烯催化剂的基本参数、粒径分布;通过催化剂的聚合评价实验,研究了它的氢调敏感性、共聚性能、聚合动力学曲线,及其聚合物的粒径分布,并探讨高密度聚乙烯催化剂的性能调整方向。     

新型高氢调敏感性乙烯淤浆聚合用催化剂的制备

制备了一种新型高氢调敏感性乙烯淤浆聚合用催化剂(简称SEL催化剂)。考察了SEL催化剂的组成、粒子形态,催化乙烯均聚合与共聚合的性能,以及用其制备的聚乙烯的性能,并与商业化的同类型进口催化剂(简称参比催化剂)进行了对比。结果表明:SEL催化剂中钛含量高而镁含量低,粒径分布窄,颗粒形态规整;SEL催化剂催化乙烯聚合时氢调敏感性好,氢气分压为0.48 MPa,乙烯分压为0.25 MPa时,聚乙烯熔体流动速率达226.10g/10 min;SEL催化剂催化乙烯与1-己烯共聚合的性能和聚乙烯粉料中细粉含量等均优于参比催化剂。     

丁二烯气相聚合产物分子量分布和粒径分布模型研究

对非均相催化的丁二烯气相聚合,基于聚合物多层模型,考虑催化剂颗粒间活性位初始浓度和粒径分布对聚合物分子量分布和粒径分布的影响,建立了聚合物分子量分布和粒径分布的数学模型。模拟了反应温度、催化剂颗粒间活性位初始浓度和粒径分布等因素的影响,结果表明。随着温度升高,聚合物颗粒平均粒径变小,粒径分布变窄,聚合物分子量变小,分子量分布变宽;催化剂颗粒间的活性组分负载越均匀,聚合物分子量越大,分子量分布和粒径分布越窄;随着催化剂平均粒径变大,聚合物分子量变小,分子量分布变宽,不存在催化剂颗粒粒径分布和聚合物颗粒粒径分布间的复制现象。模型模拟结果与实验结果吻合较好,可用于预测丁二烯气相聚合产物的分子量、分子量分布和粒径分布。     

YS-842B催化剂用于丙烯气相聚合工艺

开发了一种适于丙烯气相聚合的催化剂YS-842B．并与国产的同类催化剂进行了比较。结果表明,YS-842B催化剂与国产同类催化剂的组成和颗粒形态相近;聚合动力学行为、氢凋敏感性、共聚合性能相当。采用YS-842B催化剂制备的聚合物具有更窄的粒径分布。     

Particle control of Ziegler–Natta catalysts based on TiCl3 for propylene polymerization. Effect of prepolymerization

Prepolymerizations employing an extremely high stereospecific and high active catalyst based on TiCl₃ modified by di-n-butyl ether (DBE) were carried out with different monomers (styrene, propylene, hexene-1, cyclopentadiene). The influence of prepolymerization on the morphology of polypropylene obtained with TiCl₃ catalyst was investigated. The catalyst was synthesized by TiCl₄ reduction in toluene solution with A1Et₃·DBE complex. The polymer morphology was evaluated through optical and scanning electron microscopies and polymer bulk density and particle size distribution. © 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.     

Nature of activating effect of two‐step polymerization of propylene

The prepolymerization effect on propylene polymerization in the presence of a TiCl₃‐based catalyst, modified by di‐n‐buthyl ether, was studied. The influence of prepolymerization on the electron spin resonance spectra and morphology of the catalyst, as well as the properties and the morphology of both prepolymer and regular polymerization products, was investigated. The polymer morphology was evaluated through scanning electron microscopy, polymer bulk density, and particle size distribution. Some evidence of the enhancement effect of prepolymerization on the catalyst activity and stereospecificity was obtained. No influence from prepolymerization was observed on molecular weight and its distribution, melting point, and crystallinity of polypropylene. These findings, when discussed in connection with the morphology results of the catalyst and prepolymer, showed that the prepolymerization performed at mild reaction conditions prevents fast and extensive “fragmentation” of the original catalyst agglomerates. The more controlled breakup of the catalyst particles in the course of slowed growth of prepolymer exposes the occluded catalyst fragments with uniform size and prevents their reagglomeration. Resulting from the above, catalyst homogeneity, catalyst activity, and polymer morphology are improved. © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 71: 353–359, 1999     

Highly active Ziegler–Natta catalyst for propylene polymerization

Polymerization of propylene was carried out by using a MgCl₂–EtOH–TiCl₄–ID–TEA–ED catalyst system in n‐heptane, where ID (internal donor) was an organic diester, ED (external donor) was a silane compound, and TEA (triethyl aluminum) was the activator. The influences of temperature, pressure, time, hydrogen, and the molar ratios of Al/Ti and ED/Ti on polymer isotacticity and catalyst activity were studied by solubility in boiling n‐heptane and measuring the polymer produced, respectively. The morphology of the polymers was evaluated through scanning electron microscopy and particle size distribution. The rheological properties of the poly(propylene) were determined by the melt flow index. It was found that the catalyst showed good morphology and high activity and also the produced polymers were characterized by high isotacticity and globulelike shapes. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 97: 1744–1749, 2005     

丙烯聚合用球形氯化镁载体的性能

采用X射线衍射仪测定了丙烯聚合用球形氯化镁载体的物相,借助扫描电子显微镜观察了载体形貌,对载体粒径及粒径分布、孔结构、热重等进行了表征,并对载体负载得到的丙烯聚合用催化剂进行了评价。结果表明:中试载体为醇镁复合物,具有较好的球形形态,粒径分布较窄,为中孔孔隙结构且孔径分布均匀;载体的醇、镁摩尔比为2.8~3.0,负载后,催化丙烯聚合的活性较高,所制聚丙烯的细粉含量低;中试载体的综合性能与自制小试载体及对比载体的性能相当。     

NT-1催化剂在淤浆法HDPE生产中的工业试用

介绍了国产NT-1催化剂在淤浆法高密度聚乙烯装置上首次工业化应用试验的情况,并将该催化剂的性能特点与其他催化剂进行了对比。工业试用结果表明,NT-1催化剂活性高、氢调敏感性好、聚合物细粉少,粒径分布集中。所生产的高密度聚乙烯产品达到优级品。     

Effects of chemical structure of phenolic antioxidants on Ziegler–Natta catalyst performance during propylene polymerization

Present work studied the synthesis of in-reactor stabilization of polypropylene via introducing antioxidant into polymerization media. Special attention was dedicated to assess the efficiency of antioxidant in catalyst deactivation. Three different types of antioxidants (Irganox 1076, Irganox 1010 and Irganox 1330) which contain ester and/or phenolic OH functional groups were chosen to investigate their impact on Ziegler–Natta catalyst performance during slurry propylene polymerization. Our Results indicated that not only phenolic OH groups but also esteric bond of antioxidants are capable of interacting with active center of catalyst and consequently decreasing the catalyst activity. Our propylene polymerization results showed that determining factors such as antioxidant chemical structures and its steric hindrance effect and the number of functional groups (phenolic and esteric groups) affected on the Ziegler–Natta catalyst performance. Therefore, effects of these three types of antioxidants on polymer characteristics such as particle size distribution, morphology, T _m , T _c , X _c , and isotacticity were evaluated. Morphological analysis using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) showed that introducing antioxidant during propylene polymerization did not destroy the spherical morphology of the polypropylene particles. Conclusively, due to the negative effect of esteric bond of antioxidant on Ziegler–Natta catalyst performance, the use of antioxidant without ester groups (Irganox 1330) is more recommended during propylene polymerization.     

Millimeter‐size polyethylene hollow spheres synthesized with MgCl2‐supported Ziegler‐Natta catalyst

Polyethylene hollow spheres with diameters of 0.4–2 mm were synthesized by a two‐step slurry polymerization in a single reactor with a spherical MgCl₂‐supported Ziegler‐Natta catalyst activated by triethylaluminum, in which the first step was prepolymerization with 0.1 MPa propylene and the second step was ethylene polymerization under 0.6 MPa. The prepolymerization step was found necessary for the formation of hollow spherical particles with regular shape (perfectly spherical shape). The effects of adding small amount of propylene (propylene/ethylene < 0.1 mol/mol) in the reactor after the prepolymerization step were investigated. Average size of the polymer particles was increased, and the polymerization rate was markedly enhanced by the added propylene. Development of the particle morphology with polymerization time was also studied. The polymer particles formed by less than 20 min of ethylene polymerization showed hollow spherical morphology with thin shell layer. Most of the particles had ratio of shell thickness/particle radius smaller than 0.5. By prolonging the ethylene polymerization, the shell thickness/particle radius ratio gradually approached 1, and the central void tended to disappear. Central void in polymer particles formed from smaller catalyst particles disappeared after shorter time of polymerization than those formed from bigger catalyst particles. The shell layer of the hollow particles contained large number of macro‐, meso‐ and micro‐pores. The mesopore size distributions of four typical samples were analyzed by nitrogen adsorption–desorption experiments. A simplified multigrain model was proposed to explain the morphogenesis of the hollow spherical particles. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2016 , 133, 43207.     

N-Ⅲ型高效聚丙烯催化剂在间歇聚丙烯装置上的应用

介绍了N-Ⅲ型聚丙烯催化剂的在间歇聚丙烯装置上的工业应用情况。对催化剂的性能、工艺反应特性和产品质量状况进行了研究。与Cs-Ⅰ型催化剂对比发现，N-Ⅲ型催化剂具有活性高、抗杂质能力强、定向能力强和受氢调效果影响小等突出特点, 但不足之处是聚丙烯细粉稍大，需进一步改进。     

一种新型丙烯聚合催化剂的研究

阐述在一定的条件下制备了一种新型的用于丙烯聚合的负载型Ziegler/Natta催化剂,在此催化剂体系中添加了一种新的内给电子体BN,结果表明:此种催化剂具有催化活性高,粒度非常集中,聚合得到的聚丙烯细粉少,此催化剂氢调敏感,等规度可调,聚合物性能好等特点.