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铈在钢中的存在状态是研究铈在钢中作用的重要内容。本文对较高纯度的Fe-0.10%Ce合金定测了铈在α-Fe晶界偏聚浓度和析出相的物相。用扫描透射电子显微镜能谱分析技术测定铈在Fe-0.10%Ce合金晶界的偏聚。结果表明,铈在晶界有显著的偏聚,其偏聚浓度约为1.5%(重量)。此值可视为Fe-0.10%Ce合金晶界的成分。合金中第二相析出物的电镜能谱分析及电子衍射分析结果均证明,析出物为Fe_5Ce金属间化合物。Fe_5Ce在合金中一般呈颗粒状无规则分布。 相似文献
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采用光学显微镜、扫描电镜、透射电镜、弯曲共振试验机和万能材料试验机等分析了复合添加质量分数0.8%Ni元素和0.1%Nb元素的Fe-Cr-Mo合金组织和析出相的大小、形态,研究了Ni和Nb元素的添加对FeCr-Mo合金力学性能和阻尼性能的影响。结果表明,Ni和Nb元素的加入不但使合金晶粒显著细化,而且有效抑制了富Cr析出物的析出,使析出物明显细化且分布弥散。晶粒和析出物的细化同时提高了合金的强度和塑韧性,尤其是显著地提高了材料的塑性。1 000和1 100℃退火后,Ni和Nb元素的加入将提高减振合金的矫顽力,降低磁致伸缩系数,使减振合金的阻尼性能降低。900℃退火后,Ni和Nb元素的添加虽然提高了合金的矫顽力,但由于Mo元素的回溶使磁致伸缩系数增大,阻尼性能获得提高。 相似文献
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摘要:采用光学显微镜、扫描电镜、透射电镜、弯曲共振试验机和万能材料试验机等分析了复合添加质量分数0.8%Ni元素和0.1%Nb元素的Fe-Cr-Mo合金组织和析出相的大小、形态,研究了Ni和Nb元素的添加对Fe-Cr-Mo合金力学性能和阻尼性能的影响。结果表明,Ni和Nb元素的加入不但使合金晶粒显著细化,而且有效抑制了富Cr析出物的析出,使析出物明显细化且分布弥散。晶粒和析出物的细化同时提高了合金的强度和塑韧性,尤其是显著地提高了材料的塑性。1000和1100℃退火后,Ni和Nb元素的加入将提高减振合金的矫顽力,降低磁致伸缩系数,使减振合金的阻尼性能降低。900℃退火后,Ni和Nb元素的添加虽然提高了合金的矫顽力,但由于Mo元素的回溶使磁致伸缩系数增大,阻尼性能获得提高。 相似文献
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微量钪和锆对2618铝合金铸锭组织的影响 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
研究了在2618合金中添加0.3%Sc和0.3%Zr后的合金铸态及均匀化退火组织。采用金相显微镜观察合金中化合物的形貌及分布,用扫描电镜能谱分析其成分。结果表明:合金中生成的一次Al_3(Sc,Zr)相质点可作基体形核核心,对枝晶网有细化作用,从而导致铸锭枝晶间化合物分布更均匀。均匀化退火后基体中有大量弥散相析出,但很难发现有含Cu和Sc、Zr的难溶化合物出现。 相似文献
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挤压态Mg-13Gd-4Y-0.4Zr合金高温时效析出机制 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
利用扫描电镜和能谱仪对挤压态Mg-13Gd-4Y-0.4Zr合金在300℃/2~32h的时效析出相进行研究。结果表明,经300℃/2~4h时效后合金中有大量白色块状相析出,它是由大量的合金元素组成;经300℃/8~32h时效后,合金中析出两种相,一种是白色块状相,另一种是在晶内析出的片状相,它含有的溶质元素略高于基体。晶内析出的片状相沿3个方向排列析出,3个方向之间互成120℃夹角,呈现出严格的位向关系。析出物的形态和分布取决于溶质元素的浓度。在溶质元素浓度高的区域先析出含有大量溶质元素白色块状相;随后析出的片状相的疏密程度也取决于溶质元素的浓度。 相似文献
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钢中夹杂物形态与分布,对钢的最终使用性能有重要影响,本通过对铝镇静钢中夹杂物分布形态的描述,分析了铝及微合金加入量对其性能的影响,提出了改善夹杂物分布形态的工艺方法。 相似文献
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Elena Garlea Hahn Choo Gongyao Y. Wang Peter K. Liaw Bjørn Clausen Donald W. Brown Jungwon Park Philip D. Rack Edward A. Kenik 《Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A》2010,41(11):2816-2828
The hydride-phase formation and its influence on the fatigue behavior of a Zircaloy-4 alloy charged with hydrogen gas are investigated. First, the microstructure and fatigue crack propagation rate of the alloy in the as-received condition are studied. Second, the formation and homogeneous distribution of the delta zirconium hydride in the bulk and its effect on the fatigue crack propagation rate are presented. The results show that in the presence of hydrides, the zirconium alloy exhibits reduced toughness and enhanced crack growth rates. Finally, the influence of a preexisting fatigue crack in the specimen and the subsequent hydride formation are examined. The residual lattice strain profile around the fatigue crack tip is measured using neutron diffraction. It is observed that the combined effects of residual strains and hydride precipitation on the fatigue behavior are more severe leading to propagation of the crack under near threshold loading. 相似文献
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Yutaka S. Sato Hiroyuki Kokawa Masatoshi Enomoto Shigetoshi Jogan 《Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A》1999,30(9):2429-2437
The microstructural distribution associated with a hardness profile in a friction-stir-welded, age-hardenable 6063 aluminum
alloy has been characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and orientation imaging microscopy (OIM). The friction-stir
process produces a softened region in the 6063 Al weld. Frictional heating and plastic flow during friction-stir welding create
fine recrystallized grains in the weld zone and recovered grains in the thermomechanically affected zone. The hardness profile
depends greatly on the precipitate distribution and only slightly on the grain size. The softened region is characterized
by dissolution and growth of the precipitates during the welding. Simulated weld thermal cycles with different peak temperatures
have shown that the precipitates are dissolved at temperatures higher than 675 K and that the density of the strengthening
precipitate was reduced by thermal cycles lower than 675 K. A comparison between the thermal cycles and isothermal aging has
suggested precipitation sequences in the softened region during friction-stir welding. 相似文献
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采用OM、TEM观察、室温拉伸试验,研究工业化制备大截面7050铝合金厚板微观显微组织和力学性能.结果表明:板材表层、1/4厚度层和芯部处均存在部分粗大晶粒组织以及晶粒尺寸分布不均匀现象,其中芯部粗大晶粒的尺寸、数量以及晶粒尺寸不均匀程度均高于1/4厚度层和表层;合金时效后晶内的析出相主要为η’相、η相以及少量GPⅡ区,表层晶粒内的析出相密度大于1/4层和芯部,且1/4层和芯部粗棒状的η相含量较高;合金的强度、硬度以及延伸率在厚度方向上呈梯度分布,表层硬度、抗拉强度(σb)、屈服强度(σ0.2)和延伸率(δ)均最高,从表层到芯部,硬度、σb、σ0.2以及δ均逐渐减小. 相似文献
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Wen-jie ZHENG Xian-ping WEI Zhi-gang SONG Qi-long YONG Han FENG Qing-cheng XIE 《钢铁研究学报(英文版)》2015,22(1):78-83
For improving the service performance of Inconel 718 alloy,especially used as a corrosion-resistant alloy for special environment,the microstructure and mechanical property of different carbon-containing Inconel 718 alloys were investigated by the Thermo-Calc software and experiments.The experimental results indicated that the morphology,distribution and types of carbides mainly existing in the form of MC were hardly influenced by solution treatment at 1 050 ℃ for 1h.The precipitation amount and particle size of carbides decreased with the decrease of carbon content,which was the main reason resulting in the increase of ductility and toughness.In addition,moving dislocation could be restrained by the precipitation of carbides.Therefore,the strength could benefit from the precipitation strengthening of carbides when the precipitation ofγ′/γ″phase was not influenced by the precipitation of carbides. 相似文献
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The deformation and recrystallization textures of 6111 Al alloy with various precipitation states have been investigated by means of the orientation distribution functions ( ODFs ). It was found that the precipitation state had significant effects on both rolling and recrystallization textures of Al alloy. For the alloy with no or little precipitate, the orientation intensities were distributed more homogeneously along the β-fiber.With increasing aging temperature, the orientation intensities along the β-fiber increased firstly and decreased then. Simultaneity, the orientation intensities along the β-fiber were distributed more and more inhomogeneously. On the other hand, with the precipitates increasing the recrystallization textures changed gradually from {001} and very weak {011} <111> orientation to the strong {001} <311> and {011}< 111 > orientation. 相似文献
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摘要:TiN颗粒尺寸及其分布对耐蚀合金性能有明显的影响,因此有必要对TiN在铸坯中的分布及其析出行为进行研究。采用扫描电镜(SEM)、金相显微镜(OM)观察了TiN夹杂物在铸坯中的分布、尺寸及其形貌;基于热力学和动力学理论分析了耐蚀合金铸坯中TiN夹杂物的析出时机及其尺寸,结合试验结果和理论计算明确了TiN夹杂物在凝固后铸坯中的位置和尺寸与析出时机的关系,为控制TiN夹杂物提供理论指导。结果表明,冶炼过程中析出的TiN夹杂物尺寸较大,在凝固过程中被枝晶吞没,位于铸坯枝晶内和等轴晶内;微观偏析计算结果表明,在凝固分数为0.55时,TiN开始析出,最开始析出TiN夹杂物的逐渐长大,长大后的TiN易于被二次枝晶吞没,最终位于铸坯中的枝晶间和等轴晶内,后期析出的TiN则在枝晶间和等轴晶间。固相中析出的TiN夹杂物长大较慢,尺寸细小,最终位于奥氏体晶界。 相似文献
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GH3625合金中碳的质量分数约为0.05%,由于含有较高的铌、钼和铬元素,合金中会形成 MC型、M6C型和M23C6型碳化物,在冶炼凝固过程中由于选分结晶的原因,易产生碳化物偏聚问题。因为碳化物回溶温度偏高,在其可锻温度区间内很难消除,所以会导致合金棒材中存在碳化物条带状聚集的问题,对其服役性能影响较大。利用Thermal-calc热力学软件计算分析了GH3625合金平衡析出相及一次碳化物的析出规律,利用金相显微镜、扫描电镜等研究了镁对GH3625合金一次碳化物形貌、尺寸及分布的影响。结果表明,GH3625合金的基体为单一的奥氏体相,MC型碳化物作为一种高温析出相,直接从液相析出,其富含铌元素,其次还有少量的钛、钼等元素。而随着凝固温度的降低,铌质量分数逐渐升高;未加镁时,GH3625合金在二次枝晶间析出了大量长条状的一次碳化物,其平均直径和面积较大;加入质量分数为0.014%的镁后,镁通过改变碳化物相与基体相的比界面能关系,不仅有效地改善了合金枝晶间和晶界碳化物的分布及形貌,还减小了一次碳化物的尺寸;当镁质量分数增加到0.037%时,一次碳化物分布更加均匀弥散,此时镁细化、球化碳化物的效果最好;同时,试验合金在水冷和空冷的条件下,由于冷却速率比炉冷时更大,一次碳化物析出尺寸也相对更细小。 相似文献
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高硅奥氏体不锈钢因其较高的Si元素含量所表现出的优异耐蚀性能而成为制酸行业普遍应用的一种特殊钢种。然而,高含量Si元素的加入会引发铸造缺陷和成分偏析加剧以及钢中析出相增多,热加工过程中易产生热裂纹等问题。高硅奥氏体不锈钢凝固过程中δ铁素体的含量、形态和分布与合金化学成分和热加工历史紧密相关,其室温组织取决于析出相的析出顺序和随后的固态相变,因此,奥氏体不锈钢的凝固模式势必会影响合金的热塑性。为此通过调整高硅奥氏体不锈钢中Si元素与Cr元素的含量,采用金相显微镜(OM)、X射线衍射仪(XRD)、扫描电镜能谱分析(SEM/EDS)、电子探针(EPMA)、JMatPro软件计算等方法,探究了合金成分变化与冷却速率对高硅奥氏体不锈钢凝固模式的影响,并对经典铬镍当量算法进行了评估。结果表明,Schneider铬镍当量算法相较于Rajasekhar铬镍当量算法对大多数合金的凝固模式预测较为准确;随着合金中Si元素与Cr元素含量的提高,合金凝固模式由AF模式转变为FA模式,合金凝固过程中经历更多的“δ→γ”固态相变,其中质量分数为6.0%Si成分的合金对应的δ铁素体增幅减缓;随着质量分数为5.0%的Si铸锭冷却速率的提高,合金凝固模式由AF模式转变为A模式;Hammar and Svensson凝固路线判据可以准确预测高硅奥氏体不锈钢的初始析出相。研究为合理制定高硅奥氏体不锈钢的合金成分与成形工艺提供理论依据。 相似文献