基于肋骨信息的CT图像肺区疑似粘连肿瘤检测

在计算机辅助CT图像肺部肿瘤诊断系统中,当肺区内部存在较大粘连肿瘤时,将导致分割出来的肺区存在较大的缺陷,因而在肺区内部就无法识别粘连肿瘤。利用肋骨轮廓与肺区轮廓形状相似的特性,先用三次立方样条曲线拟合出肋骨的内部轮廓,然后根据肋骨轮廓图与肺区轮廓图找出可疑粘连肿瘤的种子点,最后将肋骨轮廓图与肺区图相结合进行区域生长找到疑似粘连肿瘤。实验结果表明该方法能有效的从CT图像中分割出疑似粘连肿瘤。     

基于样条曲线拟合的肺区轮廓修补算法*

当肿瘤处于肺的边缘时,依据CT图像分割出的肺区有缺陷,肿瘤可能被排除在分割出的肺区外.为了解决这一问题,根据肺区外侧轮廓的形状特征,抽取多个控制点,使用Cardinal样条曲线拟合肺区轮廓.拟合后的边界成功地把肿瘤包含在肺区内.     

区域生长和水平集相融合的肺部CT图像分割

为将肺实质区域从含有背景、噪声的胸腔区域里分割出来,首先,应用传统的区域生长法初步定位肺部边界轮廓;其次,去除肺部边界噪声,采用自适应曲率阈值法修复肺部边界;最后,应用水平集法中的DRLSE模型精确地分割出肺部区域。融合两种方法分割肺部区域,有效防止了图像边缘的漏检,可处理多种类型病变的肺部图像。在随机抽取的150例图像中,分割的准确率达到96.9%,分割一幅图像花费的时间约为0.72 s,具有很强的鲁棒性和较高的分割精度。本算法能精确完整地分割出肺部区域并保留了肺区内的细节信息。     

CT影像中边缘病变的二维肺野分割研究

为了研究采用基于先验形状约束的活动轮廓模型方法来正确分割胸腔CT影像中高密度病变影响边缘的肺野区域, 对已分割获得的胸腔CT影像中的二维肺野区域的形状根据其相似性进行粗略分类, 并对这些先验形状进行分类学习, 通过学习获得的PCA形状向量与活动轮廓相结合的迭代方法拟合肺野区域的正确边界, 最后通过基于边界的区域分割方法对胸腔CT影像进行分割, 得到正确的肺野区域。通过所得分割结果的对比表明, 采用该模型来拟合肺野区域边界来完成肺野分割是可行的, 同时从分割结果的量化评价指标(准确性和敏感性、特异性)可看出本方法分割能够得到正确的肺野区域。     

基于CT图像的肺实质分割方法

诊断肺癌的重要手段之一是高分辨率CT(High Resolution ComputedTomography,HRCT)扫描,但是医生需要丰富的阅片经验以及大量的精力时间才能阅读海量的CT图像信息。为了减少医生的精力损耗和降低漏诊率,采用计算机辅助检测成为趋势。在肺癌等肺部疾病计算机辅助诊断方法中,最核心的步骤是肺实质的分割。提出一种基于CT图像序列的新的自动肺实质分割方法,综合利用了区域生长及数学形态学开运算等算法,并通过纵向扫描方法精确定位左肺和右肺的粘连部位,从而在肺实质边界的肺结节结节容易被忽略分割及左右肺分离的难题得到了解决。对多组胸部CT序列图像的实验证明,该方法对于肺实质分割非常精确有效。     

基于局部灰度最大和改进Mahalanobis距离分类的肺结节检测算法

CT图像中肺结节检测一直是肺癌CAD系统的关键和难点。提出了一种孤立性肺结节自动检测算法,首先对原始CT图像进行有效、准确的肺实质分割;采用寻找局部灰度最大值方法对ROI进行初始分割;再对分割出的各ROI进行特征提取,利用SVM方法对每个特征进行定量描述,根据SVM单特征分类准确率对Mahalanobis距离进行加权改进,最后采用基于改进的Mahalanobis距离进行肺结节分类。实验结果表明,该算法可以较好地提取出CT图像中的孤立性肺结节,具有较高的灵敏度和较低的漏诊率,可以为医生诊断早期肺癌病灶提供帮助信息。     

基于模糊速度函数的活动轮廓模型的肺结节分割

肺结节是肺癌在早期阶段的表现形式. 利用计算机辅助诊断(Computer-aided diagnosis, CAD)技术对血管粘连型肺结节和磨玻璃型肺结节进行检测, 需要对这两类肺结节进行准确的分割. 目前基于传统活动轮廓模型的肺结节分割算法, 存在边界泄露现象. 对此, 本文提出一种基于模糊速度函数的活动轮廓模型的肺结节分割算法. 首先, 采用结合灰度特征和局部形态特征的模糊聚类算法, 计算模糊速度函数中的模糊隶属度; 其次, 将模糊速度函数引入到活动轮廓模型中, 在肺结节的边界处, 该速度函数为零, 轮廓曲线停止演变, 从而完成肺结节的分割. 实验结果表明, 本文提出的算法可以精确地分割血管粘连肺结节和磨玻璃型肺结节.     

基于局部灰度最大和改进Mahalanobis

CT图像中肺结节检测一直是肺癌CAD系统的关键和难点。提出了一种孤立性肺结节自动检测算法,首先对原始CT图像进行有效、准确的肺实质分割;采用寻找局部灰度最大值方法对ROI进行初始分割;再对分割出的各ROI进行特征提取,利用SVM方法对每个特征进行定量描述,根据SVM单特征分类准确率对Mahalanobis距离进行加权改进,最后采用基于改进的Mahalanobis距离进行肺结节分类。实验结果表明,该算法可以较好地提取出CT图像中的孤立性肺结节,具有较高的灵敏度和较低的漏诊率,可以为医生诊断早期肺癌病灶提供帮助信息。     

一种改进的交互式CT胸部图像肺实质分割方法

提出一种交互式的肺实质分割算法,该算法充分利用序列CT图像相邻层中肺实质轮廓变化缓慢的特点,结合且改进了Live-Wire模型、Snake模型以及轮廓插值方法.并辅以操作人员的专业知识.首先人工的在序列CT图像中选取肺实质的关键层,然后通过Live-Wire模型交互式的勾勒其轮廓,再进行轮廓插值得到其他层肺实质的初始轮廓,最后通过Snake模型演化得到所有层的肺实质准确分割结果,并加以手工修正.实验结果表明,该算法能快速准确的从序列CT图像中分割出肺实质.     

应用规则的肺结节识别系统

为了检测胸部CT图像中的肺结节,提出一种基于应用规则的自动识别肺结节的系统。在识别系统中通过自动阈值法和轮廓跟踪法分割肺实质;采用OTSU算法分割肺实质中的感兴趣区域,对感兴趣区域的特征进行提取;选择对肺结节和血管区别度较大的特征。根据选取的这些特征设定识别肺结节的规则来确定肺结节的候选区域。实验结果表明,该系统对直径1 cm以上的结节具有较好的识别性能。     

基于约束随机游走的肿瘤图像分割方法

精确的肺部肿瘤区域分割对于放射治疗和手术计划的制定至关重要。针对目前基于单模态图像的肺部肿瘤区域分割的精度较低等问题,综合PET和CT图像的优缺点,提出一种全新的多模态肺部肿瘤图像分割方法。首先,使用区域生长法和数学形态学法对PET图像进行预分割以获取初始轮廓,初始轮廓用于获取PET图像和CT图像上随机游走所需的种子点,同时作为约束加入到CT图像的随机游走过程中;依据CT图像解剖特征较强的特点,利用CT解剖特征改进PET图像上随机游走的权值;最终将 PET图像和CT图像上随机游走所获得的相似度矩阵进行加权,在PET图像和CT图像上获得一个相同的分割轮廓。实验表明,相较于其他传统分割算法,所提方法在肺部肿瘤区域分割上具有更高的精确度和更好的稳定性。     

基于感兴趣窄带区域的同步分割与配准方法及在IGRT中的应用

医学图像分割与配准是图像引导放疗(Image guided radiation therapy, IGRT)系统中的关键技术. 为提高基于CBCT (Cone beam CT)的IGRT系统实施胸腹部肿瘤放疗的实时性与自适应性, 特别是实现重要危及器官肝脏区域照射剂量的合理控制, 本文提出一种基于感兴趣窄带区域的同步分割与配准方法, 目标是实现放疗计划系统中计划CT和CBCT图像目标区域的分割与配准. 通过构建感兴趣窄带模型, 并且与活动轮廓模型相结合实现初始分割, 然后与基于光流场(Optical flow field, OFF)的形变配准方法进行循环迭代, 从而构造ASOR分割与配准同步模型(Active contour segmentation and optical flow registration synchronously, ASOR). 在方法实施时, 首先利用非线性扩散模型和窄带活动轮廓模型在CT图像中提取肝脏空间初始位置信息, 为同步模型提供合理的肝脏初始轮廓. 然后将该轮廓及相应窄带区域经仿射变换映射到CBCT图像, 进而结合构造的ASOR同步模型, 用光流场确定活动轮廓水平集的运动情况, 使分割与配准在同一个演化过程中完成迭代. 实验结果和临床应用表明, 本文提出的方法应用于基于CBCT的IGRT系统时, 可实现肝脏组织的自动分割与放疗剂量分布的快速计算. 同时, 我们将同步过程中获得的形变域用于实现肝脏与肿瘤靶区等剂量线从计划CT到CBCT的自适应转移, 进行自适应放疗效果的临床测评.     

Intensity-based statistical features for classification of lungs CT scan nodules using artificial intelligence techniques

A computer-aided diagnostic (CAD) system for effective and accurate pulmonary nodule detection is required to detect the nodules at early stage. This paper proposed a novel technique to detect and classify pulmonary nodules based on statistical features for intensity values using support vector machine (SVM). The significance of the proposed technique is, it uses the nodules features in 2D & 3D and also SVM for the classification that is good to classify the nodules extracted from the image. The lung volume is extracted from Lung CT using thresholding, background removal, hole-filling and contour correction of lung lobe. The candidate nodules are extracted and pruned using the rules based on ground truth of nodules. The statistical features for intensity values are extracted from candidate nodules. The nodule data are up-samples to reduce the biasness. The classifier SVM is trained using data samples. The efficiency of proposed CAD system is tested and evaluated using Lung Image Consortium Database (LIDC) that is standard data-set used in CAD Systems for Lungs Nodule classification. The results obtained from proposed CAD system are good as compare to previous CAD systems. The sensitivity of 96.31% is achieved in the proposed CAD system.     

Semi-automated CT segmentation using optic flow and Fourier interpolation techniques

In radiotherapy treatment planning, tumor volumes and anatomical structures are manually contoured for dose calculation, which takes time for clinicians. This study examines the use of semi-automated segmentation of CT images. A few high curvature points are manually drawn on a CT slice. Then Fourier interpolation is used to complete the contour. Consequently, optical flow, a deformable image registration method, is used to map the original contour to other slices. This technique has been applied successfully to contour anatomical structures and tumors. The maximum difference between the mapped contours and manually drawn contours was 6 pixels, which is similar in magnitude to difference one would see in manually drawn contours by different clinicians. The technique fails when the region to contour is topologically different between two slices. A solution is recommended to manually delineate contours on a sparse subset of slices and then map in both directions to fill the remaining slices.     

Semi-automated CT segmentation using optic flow and Fourier interpolation techniques

In radiotherapy treatment planning, tumor volumes and anatomical structures are manually contoured for dose calculation, which takes time for clinicians. This study examines the use of semi-automated segmentation of CT images. A few high curvature points are manually drawn on a CT slice. Then Fourier interpolation is used to complete the contour. Consequently, optical flow, a deformable image registration method, is used to map the original contour to other slices. This technique has been applied successfully to contour anatomical structures and tumors. The maximum difference between the mapped contours and manually drawn contours was 6 pixels, which is similar in magnitude to difference one would see in manually drawn contours by different clinicians. The technique fails when the region to contour is topologically different between two slices. A solution is recommended to manually delineate contours on a sparse subset of slices and then map in both directions to fill the remaining slices.     

Effective classification of planar shapes based on curve segment properties

In this paper, a pattern classifier for recognition of planar contours is developed based on the curve bend function (CBF). The CBF makes use of both the curve bend angle which measures the bend degree of a curve segment of a contour and the type coefficient which indicates whether the curve segment is convex or concave, i.e., the related corner on the contour is an inner or outer angle. The information of a contour obtained by its CBF is sufficient to represent its main features. The classifier is designed by using the properties of the CBF directly, and its training process is simpler than other kinds of classifiers, such as neural networks. Our experimental results demonstrate that the classifier is robust for planar shape classification.     

超声乳腺肿瘤的全自动SVM检测与水平集分割算法

超声图像检测是当前乳腺癌诊断的主要辅助手段之一.为实现超声乳腺肿瘤的计算机自动辅助诊断,提出一种基于支持向量机(SVM)目标检测与水平集图像分割相结合的全自动肿瘤提取算法.首先提取超声图像训练集的分块特征来训练SVM分类器,对测试集图像进行检测得到可疑病灶区域;然后提取可疑区域边缘作为水平集的初始轮廓,使用加入Bhattacharyya距离项的Chan-Vese主动轮廓改进模型进行可疑病灶区域的轮廓演化,得到准确的轮廓;最后综合面积、位置、灰度、纹理等因素设计区域评价筛选准则,去除可疑病灶中的干扰区域,得到最终的肿瘤分割结果.在真实病例数据集上的测试结果表明,利用该算法在良恶性肿瘤检测分割中均有较好表现.     

A package-SFERCB-“Segmentation,feature extraction,reduction and classification analysis by both SVM and ANN for brain tumors”

The objective of this experimentation is to develop an interactive CAD system for assisting radiologists in multiclass brain tumor classification. The study is performed on a diversified dataset of 428 post contrast T1-weighted MR images of 55 patients and publically available dataset of 260 post contrast T1-weighted MR images of 10 patients. The first dataset includes primary brain tumors such as Astrocytoma (AS), Glioblastoma Multiforme (GBM), childhood tumor-Medulloblastoma (MED) and Meningioma (MEN), along with secondary tumor-Metastatic (MET). The second dataset consists of Astrocytoma (AS), Low Grade Glioma (LGL) and Meningioma (MEN). The tumor regions are marked by content based active contour (CBAC) model. The regions are than saved as segmented regions of interest (SROIs). 71 intensity and texture feature set is extracted from these SROIs. The features are specifically selected based on the pathological details of brain tumors provided by the radiologist. Genetic Algorithm (GA) selects the set of optimal features from this input set. Two hybrid machine learning models are implemented using GA with support vector machine (SVM) and artificial neural network (ANN) (GA-SVM and GA-ANN) and are tested on two different datasets. GA-SVM is proposed for finding preliminary probability in identifying tumor class and GA-ANN is used for confirmation of accuracy. Test results of the first dataset show that the GA optimization technique has enhanced the overall accuracy of SVM from 79.3% to 91.7% and of ANN from 75.6% to 94.9%. Individual class accuracies delivered by GA-SVM are: AS-89.8%, GBM-83.3%, MED-95.6%, MEN-91.8%, and MET-97.1%. Individual class accuracies delivered by GA-ANN classifier are: AS-96.6%, GBM-86.6%, MED-93.3%, MEN-96%, MET-100%. Similar results are obtained for the second dataset. The overall accuracy of SVM has increased from 80.8% to 89% and that of ANN has increased from 77.5% to 94.1%. Individual class accuracies delivered by GA-SVM are: AS-85.3%, LGL-88.8%, MEN-93%. Individual class accuracies delivered by GA-ANN classifier are: AS-92.6%, LGL-94.4%, MED-95.3%. It is observed from the experiments that GA-ANN classifier has provided better results than GA-SVM. Further, it is observed that along with providing finer results, GA-SVM provides advantage in speed whereas GA-ANN provides advantage in accuracy. The combined results from both the classifiers will benefit the radiologists in forming a better decision for classifying brain tumors.     

基于遗传算法和BP神经网络的孤立性肺结节分类算法

为了提高计算机辅助诊断系统中孤立性肺结节的良恶性诊断的准确性,提出了一种基于遗传算法和BP神经网的分类算法。该算法针对BP神经网络容易陷入局部最优的问题,综合考虑孤立性肺结节的医学诊断特性,采用遗传算法对基于BP神经网络的分类器进行优化,并通过对PET/CT图像进行处理,提取病灶的功能特征、结构特征以及临床信息作为神经网络分类器的输入样本,实现孤立性肺结节的良恶性分类。对医院以及网络公共数据库中的大量实验数据进行分类实验,结果表明优化后的算法在分类准确性上有较大的提高,说明该方法在肺结节临床分类方面是有效的。     

基于改进窄带水平集的三维肝脏肿瘤分割

三维肝脏肿瘤识别是当前研究的热点问题,如何准确快速地从腹部CT序列中分割出肝脏肿瘤是肝部病变诊断的基础。针对水平集方法在进行分割时收敛速度较慢,设置窄带宽度固定不灵活的缺点,先利用分水岭算法,对肝脏图像进行“过分割”,搜索初始轮廓所在的分水岭块作为窄带区域进行标记,在窄带区域内用水平集算法使初始轮廓线收敛至准确轮廓。再以其边缘作为相邻CT序列的肿瘤初始轮廓,找出初始轮廓线所在的分水岭块,构成新的窄带,用水平集算法对轮廓线进行迭代分割出肿瘤。重复该过程,直至完成整个肝脏序列图像的肿瘤图像分割,进行三维重建。