制备工艺对GH4169合金组织结构与蠕变行为的影响

通过对等温锻造和热连轧工艺制备的GH4169合金进行蠕变性能测试和组织形貌观察,研究制备工艺对GH4169合金组织结构及蠕变行为的影响.结果表明:在热连轧期间,合金发生孪晶变形和位错滑移;与等温锻造相比,热连轧合金中的高密度位错具有形变强化的作用,可提高合金的蠕变抗力.在蠕变期间,等温锻造合金仅发生孪晶变形,而热连轧合金的变形机制是孪晶和位错滑移,其中,合金在热连轧期间形成的高密度位错可诱发蠕变位错发生单取向或多取向滑移,可减缓应力集中,抑制或延缓裂纹在晶界处萌生是使该合金具有较长蠕变寿命的主要原因.蠕变后期,裂纹在与应力轴垂直的晶界处萌生,并沿晶界扩展、发生解理断裂是2种工艺制备合金的蠕变断裂机制.     

FGH95粉末镍基合金蠕变期间位错网的形成与分析

采用TEM观察和衍衬分析研究了FGH95粉末镍基合金蠕变期间的位错组态.结果表明,蠕变初期,1/2〈110〉位错在γ基体{111}晶面开动,使位错不断增殖.蠕变稳态阶段,2组不同Burgers矢量的位错可能滑移至同一晶面并相遇,反应后形成六角位错网络,或在不同滑移晶面相交.形成具有四边形特征的位错网络.位错网的形成可降低位错可动性并抑制位错交滑移,提高合金蠕变抗力.蠕变后期变形特征是形变位错在γ/γ′界面位错网损坏处切入γ′相,切入γ′相的位错可发生分解,形成不全位错和层错的位错组态.     

热连轧对GH4169合金蠕变行为的影响

通过对等温锻造和热连轧工艺制备的GH4169合金进行直接时效、蠕变性能测试和组织形貌观察,研究热连轧对GH4169合金组织结构及蠕变行为的影响.结果表明:与等温锻造合金相比,经热连轧后合金的晶粒尺寸较小,在等温锻造期间的变形特征仅为孪晶形变,而合金在热连轧期间除产生孪晶外,在孪晶中还存在位错的双取向滑移;采用不同工艺制备的合金均在{111}面上发生孪晶变形.在蠕变期间,热连轧期间形成的位错可促进孪晶内发生位错的不同取向滑移,减缓应力集中,提高合金蠕变抗力,致使合金在660℃、700 MPa条件下具有较长蠕变寿命.     

一种无铼二代镍基单晶高温合金蠕变机制研究

通过对一种镍基单晶合金中温高应力条件下的蠕变曲线的测定和微观组织及断裂后合金中位错组态的衍衬分析,研究中温高应力条件下单晶合金的组织演化及变形特征。结果表明:在中温高应力条件下,该合金的蠕变激活能Q为(462±20)kJ/mol,表观应力指数na=4.34。表明在试验温度和应力范围内,合金具有较好的蠕变抗力。位错组态衍衬分析表明,蠕变期间切入相内的<110>超位错既可在{100}立方体滑移系中运动,也可在{111}八面体滑移系中运动;位错在运动中相遇发生位错反应,形成的超位错可交滑移至{100}立方体滑移面。位于2个不同{100}六面体滑移面的位错在运动中相遇,可发生位错反应,生成的位错可在{111}八面体滑移系中运动。     

Re对单晶镍基合金蠕变行为的影响

通过对有Re和无Re单晶镍基合金进行蠕变性能测定,结合组织形貌观察,研究了Re对单晶镍基合金蠕变行为的影响.结果表明,Re可有效提高合金的高温蠕变抗力,与无Re单晶合金相比较,加入2%的Re后,可使合金在高温低应力条件下的蠕变寿命有较大幅度的提高,计算出2%的Re合金在稳态蠕变期间的蠕变激活能Q=478.6 kJ/mol,应力指数n=5.1.合金在蠕变初期的变形特征是(1/2)<110>位错在基体通道中滑移,运动位错相遇发生位错反应,在γ、γ'两相界面处形成位错网,可提高合金的蠕变抗力.蠕变后期,合金的变形机制是<110>超位错切入筏状γ'相内.     

Effect of Dynamic Precipitation on Creep Behavior of Mg—5Zn—2Al(--2Y) Alloy

在175℃，50MPa条件下对Mg-5％Zn-2％Al及含2％Y（质量分数，％）的两种合金的固溶态与铸态蠕变行为进行了研究，TEM观察与分析表明：蠕变到12h时固溶态合金已经发生了动态析出，动态析出相为棒状MgZn2相，沿基体{1120}。面并垂直于基面（0001）析出；蠕变曲线的对比表明，动态析出过程可使稳态蠕变速率明显减小．TEM分析证实，在蠕变过程中基面a-位错交滑移至棱面{011^-0}α。计算表明，阻碍基面a-位错交滑移的主要因素为基面扩展位错的束集能，而棒状MgZn2相可促使基面扩展位错束集．随着蠕变时间的延长，动态析出相逐渐由棒状MgZn2相向颗粒状平衡相MgZn相转变．添加Y可明显改善合金的蠕变性能     

Ta含量对镍基粉末高温合金高温蠕变变形行为和性能的影响

采用FESEM、TEM等实验技术,系统研究了750℃、600 MPa条件下,不同Ta含量的镍基粉末高温合金的蠕变性能和蠕变过程中显微组织和变形行为特征以及合金层错能对蠕变行为的影响.结果表明,随着Ta含量的增加,合金层错能呈非线性关系降低.蠕变变形各阶段的变形行为和位错组态的变化与层错能密切相关.低Ta含量合金层错能相对较高,基体位错a/2<110>滑移被阻止在γ/γ'内界面处,不易发生位错分解,可直接进入γ'相中形成反相畴界(APB)或通过Orowan环弓弯模式绕过γ'相;当合金中Ta含量中等时,合金层错能降低,促进在γ/γ'内界面处基体位错发生分解,产生a/6<112>Shockley不全位错开始剪切γ'相,形成超点阵层错(超点阵内禀层错(SISF)或超点阵外禀层错(SESF))和扩展层错(ESF)进而转化形成形变孪晶,呈现层错和形变孪晶共同强化效应,提高蠕变性能;而高Ta含量合金层错能很低,有利于位错在不同{111}滑移面上同时形成尺寸较宽的扩展层错,并出现相互交结的交叉层错抑制形变孪晶的形成,加快蠕变形变裂纹发展.因此,合金中加入适量Ta能有效降低层错能,提高形成不全位错剪切γ'相能力和形成显微孪晶能力,增加蠕变抗力,有效改善合金蠕变性能.     

高温终轧工艺对初始织构不同的AZ31镁合金板材组织的影响

以初始织构不同的AZ31镁合金板材为研究对象进行了高温终轧和最终退火,结合转靶X射线衍射仪和电子背散射衍射分析手段分析了不同板材基面织构的变化情况以及滑移和孪生对形变织构的影响规律。结果表明,高温终轧后,两种板材的宏观织构存在着单峰和倾斜的双峰基面织构区别;最终退火后,两种板材的织构强度都得到弱化,但弱化程度存在差异,并且再结晶织构在一定程度上遗传了形变织构的特征。对于初始织构强度较高的板材,高温终轧时锥面滑移活性增强,柱面滑移受到抑制,从而表现出带状变形集中区域,以此来弥补由于位错滑移受限引起的变形能力不足,此时形变织构的变化主要受到滑移和孪生的共同作用的影响。对于初始织构强度较弱的板材,高温终轧时非基面滑移活性得到增强,滑移和孪生相互竞争,孪生活动受到了明显抑制,此时形变织构的变化主要受到滑移的影响。     

6%Re/5%Ru单晶镍基合金的超高温蠕变行为和影响因素EI北大核心CSCD

通过对6%Re/5%Ru单晶镍基合金(质量分数)进行蠕变性能测试和组织观察,研究了合金的超高温蠕变行为和影响因素。结果表明:测定出合金在(1160℃,120 MPa)的蠕变寿命为206 h。中期稳态阶段,位错在基体中滑移和攀移越过γ′相是合金的变形特征,γ基体中溶解的难熔元素可增加位错在基体中运动的阻力。超高温蠕变期间,随温度提高γ′相发生溶解,可减小筏状γ′相的尺寸,提高位错攀移越过γ′相的速率,特别是当温度大于1170℃时,合金的施加温度敏感性使筏状γ′相的尺寸减小,应变速率提高,这是合金蠕变寿命大幅度降低的主要原因。蠕变后期,基体位错可在位错网破损处切入γ′相,其中,切入γ′相的位错可由{111}面交滑移至{100}面形成K−W锁,抑制位错的滑移和交滑移,可改善合金的蠕变抗力。而在颈缩区域较大的有效应力可开动位错的双取向滑移,致使筏状γ′相扭折,并在扭折区域发生裂纹的萌生和扩展,直至断裂,这是合金在超高温蠕变期间的变形和损伤机制。     

近α高温钛合金600℃蠕变变形机制的TEM研究

测量了具有不同组织形态的Ti-1100和IMI834合金在600℃,150MPa,100h条件下的蠕变栈残余变形量,利用透射电镜观察了蠕变前后合金中的位错和组织形态,分析了两种合金的蠕变变形机制。结果表明Ti-1100合金的蠕变由位错所控制,位错上析出的大量硅化物粒子强烈阻碍着位错的滑移,但局部区域由于位错攀移而出现了动态再结晶。IMI834合金的蠕变由位错和α片层的界面滑移共同控制,其中位错蠕变方式与Ti-1100合金极为相似,而界面滑移蠕变增加了合金的蠕变变形。     

Creep Properties and Deformation Mechanisms of a FGH95 Ni-based Superalloy

By means of full heat treatment, microstructure observation, lattice parameters determination, and the measurement of creep curves, an investigation has been conducted into the microstructure and creep mechanisms of FGH95 Ni-based superalloy. Results show that after the alloy is hot isostatically pressed, coarse γ′ phase discontinuously distributes along the previous particle boundaries. After solution treatment at high temperature and aging, the grain size has no obvious change, and the amount of coarse γ′ phase decreases, and a high volume fraction of fine γ′ phase dispersedly precipitates in the γ matrix. Moreover, the granular carbides are found to be precipitated along grain boundaries, which can hinder the grain boundaries’ sliding and enhance the creep resistance of the alloy. By x-ray diffraction analysis, it is indicated that the lattice misfit between the γ and γ′ phases decreases in the alloy after full heat treatment. In the ranges of experimental temperatures and applied stresses, the creep activation energy of the alloy is measured to be 630.4 kJ/mol. During creep, the deformation mechanisms of the alloy are that dislocations slip in the γ matrix or shear into the γ′ phase. Thereinto, the creep dislocations move over the γ′ phase by the Orowan mechanism, and the $ \left\langle { 1 10 } \right\rangle $ 〈 1 10 〉 super-dislocation shearing into the γ′ phase can be decomposed to form the configuration of (1/3) $ \left\langle { 1 12 } \right\rangle $ 〈 1 12 〉 super-Shockleys’ partials and the stacking fault.     

Texture Evolution in a Ti-Ta-Nb Alloy Processed by Severe Plastic Deformation

Titanium alloys are extensively used in a variety of applications because of their good mechanical properties, high biocompatibility, and corrosion resistance. Recently, ??-type Ti alloys containing Ta and Nb have received much attention because they feature not only high specific strength but also biocorrosion resistance, no allergic problems, and biocompatibility. A Ti-25Ta-25Nb ??-type titanium alloy was subjected to severe plastic deformation (SPD) processing by accumulative roll bonding and investigated with the aim to observe the texture developed during SPD processing. Texture data expressed by pole figures, inverse pole figures, and orientation distribution functions for the (110), (200), and (211) ??-Ti peaks were obtained by XRD investigations. The results showed that it is possible to obtain high-intensity share texture modes ({001}??110??) and well-developed ?? and ??-fibers; the most important fiber is the ??-fiber ({001} $ \left\langle {1\bar{1}0} \right\rangle $ to {114} $ \left\langle {1\bar{1}0} \right\rangle $ to {112} $ \left\langle {1\bar{1}0} \right\rangle $ ). High-intensity texture along certain crystallographic directions represents a way to obtain materials with high anisotropic properties.     

PLASTIC DEFORMATION AND DISLOCATION STRUCTURE IN γ'-PHASE OF A DIRECTIONALLY SOLIDIFIED Ni-BASE SUPERALLOY

The dislocation structure of directionally solidified(DS)Rene 80 superalloy during tensileand creep deformation has been studied by TEM.In tensile deformation,γ'shearing occurs byslip of APB-coupled(1/2)<110>dislocation pairs on{111}planes at temperatures below760℃.and by slip of SISF-seperated(1/3)<112>superpartials which have dissociated on{111}planes into a(1/2)<110>screw superpartial and a(1/6)<112>edgesuperpartial with an APB in between at temperatures equal to or above 760℃.In creepdeformation,γ'shearing occurs again by slip of SISF-seperated(1/3)<112>superpartialswhich have not dissociated on{111}planes and by diffusive slip of APB-coupled(1/2)<110>dislocation pairs at 760℃,618 MPa.However,no γ'shearing occurs at 980℃,190MPa.During secondary creep at 760℃,618 MPa or at 980℃,190 MPa,2-dimensional net-works have formed at γ/γ'interfaces,and the strain is mainly the result of diffusion control-led climb of dislocation networks at γ/γ'interfaces.The dependence of secondary creep rate εupon size a and volume fraction v_■ of cubic γ' has been found to be ■∝α/v_f~(2/3).     

Effect of Ag Addition on Microstructure,Mechanical and Corrosion Properties of Mg-Nd-Zn-Zr Alloy for Orthopedic Application

The as-extruded Mg–3Nd–0.2Zn–0.4Zr–xAg (x = 0, 0.2, 0.5, 1 wt%) alloys were prepared for biomedical applications. Scanning electron microscope, electron backscattered diffraction, X-ray diffraction, tensile test machine, electrochemical workstation, and immersion experiments were used to study microstructures, mechanical properties, and corrosion behavior of the as-extruded alloys. The results indicate that the microstructures of all the as-extruded alloys are composed of coarse undynamic recrystallized grains, fine equiaxed recrystallized grains, and precipitated phases. Ag element plays a positive role in promoting dynamic recrystallization and grain refinement. And during the extrusion, all the four alloys generate a $\left\langle {10\overline{1}0} \right\rangle$//ED fiber texture. With the increase of Ag element, the volume fraction of Mg₁₂Nd phase increases and then decreases slightly. By increasing Ag addition, both yield strength and ultimate tensile strength of the as-extruded alloys reduce first and then improve, and the elongation improves gradually from 9.4 to 12.7%. More importantly, the addition of Ag accelerates corrosion of the as-extruded alloys in simulated body fluid, and all the as-extruded alloys show uniform corrosion mode.     

金属薄膜蠕变变形与材料结构的相关性研究

本文采用纳米压入实验方法评价金属薄膜室温蠕变变形行为与材料微观组织结构的关系。金属薄膜分别选取纳米晶体心立方（BCC）金属Mo、纳米晶面心立方（FCC）金属Ni以及非晶CuZr为研究材料,加载速率为0.005,0.05,0.1,0.2 s-1。研究发现BCC-Mo、FCC-Ni以及非晶CuZr蠕变变形均表现出很强的加载应变速率依赖性,究其原因与其主导变形机制相关。BCC-Mo蠕变行为由螺型位错主导的混合位错运动为主,FCC-Ni蠕变变形由晶界发射不全位错主导,非晶CuZr蠕变行为由剪切变形转变区（STZ）主导变行为主。     

Investigation of primary and secondary creep deformation mechanism of TiAl

Creep deformation behaviors in lamellar TiAl alloys have been investigated. As in the case with metals, the normal primary creep stage was observed. As creep strain increased within the primary regime, dislocation density decreased, and creep activation energy increased from 300 kJ/mol, the activation energy of the self-diffusion of Ti in TiAl, to about 380 kJ/mol, that of steady state creep deformation. During primary creep deformation of lamellar TiAl, as the initial dislocation density decreased, the α₂ -phase was found to transform to a γ-phase, generating new dislocations which contributed to the creep deformation. In other words, this phase transformation is the source of the dislocation generation for continuous creep deformation. Therefore, we suggest that phase transformation is the rate controlling processes having an activation energy of about 400 kJ/mol, which is higher than that of self-diffusion. A small amount of prestrain was found to be responsible for the reduction of initial dislocation density. In addition, this prestrained specimen showed significantly reduced primary creep strain, and the creep activation energy in the primary stage was measured to be about 380 kJ/mol. These results clearly confirm the suggested creep deformation mechanism of lamellar TiAl alloys.     

Studies of deformation mechanisms in ultra-fine-grained and nanostructured Zn

The temperature, strain rate, grain size and grain size distribution effects on plastic deformation in ultra-fine-grained (UFG) and nanocrystalline Zn are systematically studied. The decrease of ductility with the decrease of average grain size could be an inherent effect in nanocrystalline materials, that is, not determined by processing artifacts. The superior ductility observed in UFG Zn may originate from both dislocation creep within large grains and grain boundary sliding of small nanograins. The stress exponent for dislocation creep is about 6.6. The activation energy for plastic deformation in UFG Zn is close to the activation energy for grain boundary self diffusion in pure Zn.     

Creep Behaviors of DA Casting and Rolling GH4169 Superalloy

After the billet of Casting and Rolling GH4169 alloy was directly aged (DA) treated at 720 ℃ and 620 ℃, creep behavior and deformed features of the alloy were investigated by means of the measurement of creep curves and microstructure observation. Results show that the DA Casting and Rolling GH4169 Superalloy displays a lower strain rate during creep and longer lifetimes under the condition of the applied stress of 700 MPa at 650 ℃ , the creep lifetimes of the alloy decrease to 127 h as temperature is eleva...