On-line instantaneous torque control of a switched reluctance motor based on co-energy control

An on-line instantaneous torque control technique for a switched reluctance motor operating in the saturation region is presented. The proposed methodology is realised via the control of the instantaneous output torque of each excited phase by regulating its associated co-energy to follow a co-energy profile. As the parameters of the feedback controller are independent of the motor parameters in the analysis of the co-energy control system with the proposed methodology, the design of the proposed controller is simple when compared to that for traditional current controllers. Smooth shaft torque is obtained by torque sharing among the active phases during commutation. Simulation and experimental results confirm that the highfrequency torque ripple is reduced using the proposed algorithm.     

Direct instantaneous torque control of switched reluctance machines using 4-level converters

Direct instantaneous torque control (DITC) of switched reluctance machines (SRMs) using a novel 4-level converter is presented. The described DITC control strategy proposes detailed torque control regions and suitable control schemes. Using the 4-level converter, DITC can overcome voltage limitation of asymmetric converters and has a fast magnetisation and demagnetisation to improve dynamic performance and efficiency. For integrated advantages of DITC and 4-level converters, a suitable control scheme is described and analysed. Finally, the proposed DITC method of SRM drive systems using the 4-level converter is verified by simulation and comparative experiments.     

High-performance current control for switched reluctance motors based on on-line estimated parameters

To reduce torque ripple in a switched reluctance motor (SRM) by current profiling, a high-performance current controller is necessary. This study presents a high-performance current controller for SRM drives. A Bspline neural network is used to model the non-linearity of the SRM and estimate back electromotive force (EMF) and incremental inductance on-line in real time. The on-line modelling scheme does not require a priori knowledge of the machine?s electromagnetic characteristics. Based on the on-line estimated parameters, a current controller with adjustable PI gains and back-EMF decoupling is implemented. The performance of the current controller has been demonstrated in simulation and experimentally using a four-phase 8/6 550 W SRM drive system.     

Improvement in the field-weakening performance of switched reluctance machine with continuous mode

A new operation mode for switched reluctance motors (SRMs), called 'continuous mode', is described. By using this mode, the torque and then power in field-weakening mode can be considerably increased without any hardware modifications. Consequently, power and torque densities of SRMs become comparable to other technologies (synchronous and induction motors) and with a field weakening operation over a large speed range. This new degree of freedom makes it possible to improve the motor design, by modifying the rotor pole arc size or the windings turns per pole. Only simulation results are presented here, for a 12/8 SRM. Results confirm that the maximum power is improved (constant power on a very large speed range) and with a higher efficiency than that in the classical discontinuous mode.     

Passivity-based control of linear switched reluctance motors with robustness consideration

A robust passivity-based control (PBC) algorithm is proposed for the position tracking system of a linear switched reluctance motor (LSRM). By using the modelling analysis of the drive system, a full-order nonlinear controlled model is first developed. Then, on the basis of the state error equation, the proposed robust PBC algorithm is derived from the view points of energy dissipation, control stability and algorithm robustness. The resultant design provides a total structural solution for the control law with the winding excitation scheme integrated into the algorithm. The proposed algorithm guarantees global stability of the whole servo system. It can also overcome the inherent nonlinear characteristics of the system and make the whole system robust to uncertainties and bounded disturbances. Both simulations and experimental implementations are carried out on the proposed LSRM drive system to investigate the performance of the proposed algorithm. The results show that the experimental and the simulation outputs match very well. The proposed algorithm is effective for the high precision position tracking of the LSRM, with high robustness to the system uncertainties and bounded disturbances.     

New procedures for minimizing the torque ripple in switched reluctance motors by optimizing the phase-current profile

This paper introduces five new optimization procedures for the minimization of the torque ripple in the switched reluctance motor (SRM). These new procedures are based on the optimization of the phase-current profile. Two optimization techniques, the simplex method and the genetic algorithm, are adapted to these optimization procedures. The paper compares an older optimization procedure, the optimum harmonic current injection procedure, and the new optimization procedure, and presents conclusions.     

Very low speed performance of active flux based sensorless control: interior permanent magnet synchronous motor vector control versus direct torque and flux control

This study is focused on very low speed performance comparison between two sensorless control systems based on the novel 'active flux' concept, that is, the current/voltage vector control versus direct torque and flux control (DTFC) for interior permanent magnet synchronous motor (IPMSM) drives with space vector modulation (SVM), without signal injection. The active flux, defined as the flux that multiplies iq current in the dq-model torque expression of all ac machines, is easily obtained from the stator-flux vector and has the rotor position orientation. Therefore notable simplification in the rotor position and speed estimation is obtained. For IPMSM, a stator-flux observer is employed based on combined current and voltage models, with speed-dependent smooth transition between them using a PI compensator of flux error. Comparative experimental results using both sensorless control systems are presented to verify the principles and to demonstrate the effectiveness of the active flux observer at very low speeds from 20 to 2 rpm (1-0.1 Hz).     

Dynamic control of the permanent magnet-assisted reluctance synchronous machine

A digital signal processor-based control system for the permanent magnet-assisted reluctance synchronous machine, with the emphasis on dynamic performance, is proposed. A classical design approach is used to design the current and speed controllers for the machine. The stator current of the machine is controlled in such a way that the current angle in the dq synchronous reference frame is constant. The load-torque is estimated using a state space observer and compensation current based on the estimated load is used to improve the dynamic performance of the drive. The control system design is machine specific as it relies on data from finite-element analysis. Simulated and measured results on a 110-kW power level show that the resulting control system is stable and robust with good dynamic performance     

SR电机调速系统控制器设计

利用DSP的速度及硬件资源优势,设计了相应的外围检测、电流限幅、倍频、PWM调理等功能电路以及保护电路,使控制系统结构紧凑,可靠性高.实现了系统的电压PWM斩波控制方式下的稳定运行.     

An improved method for the determination of saturationcharacteristics of switched reluctance motors

Experimental determination of magnetization characteristics of switched reluctance motors (SRMs) is quite important in their accurate performance prediction. Over the last decade, various experimental procedures have been used to obtain these characteristics. Every evolved new method has its own limitations and constraints. This paper describes an improved, simple and cost effective experimental procedure and an equally simple post-experimental data processing to obtain the flux-linkage-current curves at varying rotor positions of the SRM. The experimental results on a 4 kW, four-phase, 8/6 pole SRMs show the effectiveness of the method and the results compare well with the previously results compare well with the previously published results of similar and higher rating SRM's     

基于机器视觉的自动扶梯梯级测速方法

针对自动扶梯运行速度的检测,提出一种基于机器视觉的自动扶梯梯级测速方法。首先,对机器视觉系统采集得到的梯级运行图像进行一系列的预处理,通过设置阈值实现目标颜色的识别;然后,采用直线扫描法对颜色提取后的不连通区域进行填充,对得到的二值图像进行边缘检测与轮廓识别,返回轮廓面积最大的图像;最后,提取每张图像中黄色区域右边界直线起始端点的横坐标,通过差分法计算得到梯级的速度。结果表明,该方法实现了非接触测量并且能够得到较为准确的检测结果。     

Parametric variance consideration in speed control of single-phase flux reversal machine

The new flux reversal machine (FRM) has a simple robust rotor with a permanent magnet installed stator. However, the parameters of the FRM are dependant on the position of the rotor, operating temperature and magnetic saturation of the motor core. To obtain a robust performance in the speed control of the single-phase FRM, a control method that introduces an internal model of the motor is suggested for robustness against parameter variance and disturbance. The suggested control method is verified by both computer simulation and experiments and it is applied for popular AC induction/synchronous machines for their robust performance.     

基于本体的机床高速主轴数字化集成技术研究

为提高机床高速主轴设计的效率,针对机床制造企业在数字化设计系统的过程中如何集成各种信息资源和知识的问题,以机床高速主轴系统设计开发为研究对象,提出了一种基于本体知识的机床高速主轴协同设计集成系统平台框架.系统采用基于本体论的知识建模方法,利用特征参数度量的相似实例检索方法,以及基于实例推理技术、面向设计流程的知识驱动设...     

低温大直径磁性液体密封起动扭矩的研究

制约低温大直径磁性液体密封在实际应用中的关键因素之一是起动扭矩过大.为了使低温大直径磁性液体密封在实际中得到很好的应用,我们制备了耐低温磁性液体,测定了该磁性液体的粘温性能.以-40℃,直径为140mm的磁性液体密封为例,在低温室内研究了影响磁性液体密封起动扭矩大小的因素,如磁性液体注入量,密封的级数、常温(15℃)下放置的时间等.从一般形式的Navier-Stokes方程出发,考虑磁性液体在低温下的粘度变化,推导了低温大直径磁性液体旋转密封扭矩公式,并对实验结果进行了理论分析.利用这些研究结果所设计的低温大直径磁性液体密封被授予了国家发明专利,在某些领域得到了广泛应用.     

A new theory of development of force and torque in variable reluctance stepping motors

This paper presents a new theory of force and torque production in doubly slotted magnetic structures encountered in variable reluctance machines. This general theory is applicable to any point on the B-H curve of iron. It is capable of explaining all known phenomena including those for which satisfactory explanations are not available in existing theories. It enables optimization of all dimensions defining the rotor geometry to be carried out. It thus lays a sound theoretical basis for designing variable reluctance machines.     

基于信赖域方法的MR阻尼器瞬时最优半主动控制实验研究

通过对一个悬臂梁的磁流变(MR)阻尼器控制试验研究了一种基于信赖域方法的MR阻尼器瞬时最优半主动控制算法.该控制算法不以主动最优控制力为目标出力,而是从MR阻尼器的性能出发,提出了MR阻尼器瞬时最优半主动控制的指标函数;同时将下一时刻阻尼器的可能出力范围作为半主动控制问题的限界约束条件,应用精细积分法将MR阻尼器半主动控制问题转化为一组带有限界约束的最小值优化问题;最后采用信赖域方法在限界约束内求解得到半主动最优控制力.悬臂梁控制试验通过dSPACE控制平台实现,试验中采用NARX神经网络建立了MR阻尼器模型并在每个时间步长对阻尼器的出力范围进行预测.在不同强度的随机激励下对所提出的控制算法的控制效果进行了验证,并与不同控制算法的控制效果进行了比较.试验结果表明,时间步长的选择对基于信赖域方法的瞬时最优半主动控制算法的控制效果有很大的影响.通过与Passive-off,Passive-on被动控制及Clipped-optimal控制算法的比较,也证明了所提出的控制算法的控制效果,特别在对结构反应均方值的控制效果上的优越性.     

Introducing dynamic behavior of magnetic materials into a model of a switched reluctance motor drive

Dynamic hysteretic effects of magnetic materials are usually neglected in actuators modeling. In order to take into account these effects, we coupled a two-dimensional finite-element (FE) model in an original way with a magnetic equivalent circuit by using dynamic hysteretic flux tubes (DHFT). As an example of an application, we present the model of an ultrafast switched reluctance motor, in which the control of the power converter is of major importance, and where iron losses can reach critical values.     

低压SRM的PID调速系统设计与实现

开关磁阻电动机（SRM）具有结构简单,性能优越,可靠性高等突出优点,本文介绍了基于STM32的硬件平台设计,详细描叙了处理器核心模块、信号采样模块、功率变换器模块等各个部分的原理和电路图设计。介绍了PID调速系统软件设计,描述了各软件模块的设计理念和具体的实现流程。论文实现的低压开关磁阻电机调速系统能够实现1600f／min匀速和制动运行。