航天炉粉煤气化系统氯元素迁移规律的研究

氯元素的迁移规律对粉煤气化系统及环境有着重要影响。以航天粉煤加压气化工艺系统为基础,实际生产运行数据为依据,采用分析化验的方法,研究了航天炉气化过程中氯元素的迁移特性。研究结果表明:气化系统中氯元素主要进入废水中,约为72.90%,存在于粗渣和细渣中的氯元素共计12.64%,随粗合成气进入下游系统的氯元素约为10%,排放至大气中的氯元素约为4%,氯元素的平衡率为99.73%。研究结果可为煤气化装置设备、管道、仪表材料的选型提供理论支撑,并通过对系统氯元素浓度的控制,保障气化装置的长周期稳定运行。     

ICP-MS测定右雷佐生原料药中16种元素杂质含量

建立ICP-MS(电感耦合等离子体质谱)法测定右雷佐生原料药中16个元素杂质含量，并对所建立的方法进行方法学验证。验证结果表明，16个元素标准曲线的相关系数均大于0.999;加样回收率在93.0%～104.8%,RSD在0.9%～4.5%;重复性试验RSD为0.3%～3.4%(n=6);进样精密度试验RSD在0.6%～2.1%;在24 h内对照品溶液中16个元素测得浓度与0 h比值均在95.4%～103.8%范围内。均满足《美国药典》233元素杂质-检查法要求。样品中各元素杂质含量远小于其限度值。该方法准确、稳定，适用于右雷佐生原料药中16种杂质元素含量的测定。     

神木烟煤热解产物分布及主要元素的迁移规律

在石英管固定床反应器中对神木烟煤进行热解实验,研究了热解温度对煤热解产物分布和C, H, O, N, S元素在热解产物中分配的影响. 结果表明,在500?900℃范围内,随热解温度升高,半焦产率下降,气体产率增大,焦油产率先增大后降低,600℃时达最大值9.2%(ω);半焦中C, H, O和N元素迁入量下降,S元素迁入量先降低后略有增大,在700℃时达最小值67.0%;热解气中C, H, O元素迁入量增大,N元素和S元素迁入量先增大后减小,分别在800和600℃时达最大值28.8%和27.9%;焦油中C, H, O元素迁入量先增大后降低,均在600℃时分别达最大值9.3%, 14.0%和7.2%,N元素和S元素迁入量缓慢增加;热解水中H和O元素迁入量先增大后略有降低,在700℃时分别达最大值14.5%和48.5%.     

320MW燃煤电厂痕量元素的分布、脱除及排放特性

燃煤电厂痕量元素的排放已经引起了世界的广泛关注。在一台配置选择性催化还原（SCR）+静电除尘器（ESP）+湿法脱硫装置（WFGD）的320MW燃煤电厂上进行了12种痕量元素（Cr、Mn、Co、Ni、Cu、Zn、As、Mo、Cd、Sb、Ba、Pb）排放特性的实验研究,使用了US EPA Method 29对4个测点烟气痕量元素进行同时取样,考察了痕量元素在电厂中的分布、协同脱除以及在烟囱中的排放。结果表明：锅炉、SCR、ESP、WFGD和整个系统的痕量元素质量平衡率均在可接受的范围内。这12种痕量元素主要分布在底渣和飞灰中,分别占据底渣、ESP灰、WFGD脱除及烟囱排放痕量元素总量的1.90%～27.6%和72.3%～98.0%,然而,它们在烟囱和被WFGD脱除的部分所占比例较少,两者之和仅占0.11%～0.66%。ESP和WFGD对烟气痕量元素的脱除率分别为99.39%～99.95%和40.39%～78.98%,SCR+ESP+WFGD对烟气痕量元素的总体脱除率为99.79%～99.99%。ESP对痕量元素较高的脱除效率是APCDs系统具有较高的协同脱除效率的主要原因。烟囱排放的痕量元素浓度及排放因子分别为0.01～12.88 μg·m^-3和（0.002～4.57）×10^-12 g·J^-1。应进行更多的燃煤电厂痕量元素排放的研究,以便为中国燃煤电厂痕量元素的排放预测模型的建立以及相关标准的制定提供参考。     

三味檀香散无机元素的初级形态分析

采用离子色谱法对三味檀香散中的锂、钠、钾、镁和钙5种元素进行了初级形态分析。结果显示,原药中5种元素的含量顺序为Ca>K>Mg>Na>Li,K总提取率超过了95%,其次Mg为44.93%,其他元素均在25%以下。在各元素残留率中,头煎残留率最高的是Na为90.34%,其次是Ca为80.19%。而颗粒吸附率最高的是K为16.65%。本实验数据为三味檀香散中的无机元素含量与药效关系提供了参考依据。     

ICP-OES用于水基气雾剂缓蚀剂筛选研究

通过HNO3/H2O2微波消解制样,采用电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱仪(ICP-OES)对水基气雾剂中铁元素和锡元素进行检测,本方法中铁元素和锡元素的加标回收率范围分别在97.0%~101.8%和97.8%~103.0%,定量结果相对标准偏差分别为1.45%和1.76%。通过ICP-OES方法对热贮15天后水基气雾剂样品中铁元素和锡元素含量进行检测,并观察相应样品热贮60天的腐蚀情况,结果表明,通过ICP-OES检测水基气雾剂样品中铁元素和锡元素,能够有效反映水基气雾剂的腐蚀程度,可用于水基气雾剂缓蚀剂的快速筛选。     

离子交换法降低造纸法烟草薄片中重金属元素含量的研究

为降低造纸法烟草薄片中重金属元素含量,采用离子交换法对烟草萃取液中的重金属元素进行去除,并使用处理后的烟草萃取液对烟草薄片基纸进行涂布。结果表明:树脂吸附反应温度是30℃、烟草萃取液流速是5倍床层体积/小时、离子交换柱高径比是7∶1时,离子交换法对烟草萃取液中As、Cd、Pb元素的去除率分别是81%、89%、90%。当烟草薄片涂布率为45%时,烟草薄片中As、Cd和Pb元素去除率分别为78.0%、85.2%和86.8%。离子交换法降低烟草薄片中重金属元素含量的效果良好。     

微波消解-MPT-AES法测定柴油中的微量元素含量

建立了微波消解-微波等离子体炬原子发射光谱法测定柴油中铅、铜、铁、镍、钒、锰元素含量的新方法。采用微波消解法对柴油样品进行预处理,考察了各待测元素分析谱线波长、前向功率、载气流量、工作气流量的最佳值。在最佳工作条件下研究了盐酸、硝酸和共存离子对待测元素原子发射强度的影响,进一步考察了易电离元素镧、锶对待测元素原子发射强度的增敏作用。在最佳条件下,测得铅、铜、铁、镍、钒、锰元素的检出限分别为:25.28,10.21,9.32,15.69,35.20,3.29 ng/mL;RSD分别为:5.24%,2.08%,2.52%,1.35%,4.67%,3.91%;加标回收率均在96.86%～103.42%之间。结果表明,此方法快捷、安全、环保、准确度高,是一种测定柴油中微量元素行之有效的方法。     

微波消解-MPT-AES法测定柴油中的微量元素含量

建立了微波消解-微波等离子体炬原子发射光谱法测定柴油中铅、铜、铁、镍、钒、锰元素含量的新方法。采用微波消解法对柴油样品进行预处理,考察了各待测元素分析谱线波长、前向功率、载气流量、工作气流量的最佳值。在最佳工作条件下研究了盐酸、硝酸和共存离子对待测元素原子发射强度的影响,进一步考察了易电离元素镧、锶对待测元素原子发射强度的增敏作用。在最佳条件下,测得铅、铜、铁、镍、钒、锰元素的检出限分别为:25.28,10.21,9.32,15.69,35.20,3.29 ng/mL;RSD分别为:5.24%,2.08%,2.52%,1.35%,4.67%,3.91%;加标回收率均在96.86%～103.42%之间。结果表明,此方法快捷、安全、环保、准确度高,是一种测定柴油中微量元素行之有效的方法。     

电感耦合等离子体光谱法测定偏钒酸铵中16种杂质元素

针对测定偏钒酸铵中杂质元素实验方法准确性的问题,为进一步分析实验测定过程的影响因素及测定结果的可靠性,将偏钒酸铵样品利用热水和氨水溶解,选择电感耦合等离子体光谱法测定偏钒酸铵中16种杂质元素,实验测定过程严格按照等离子体光谱法操作流程。实验中选择了利用热水和氨水的溶解的方式、幵分析了测定元素的波长,幵进行了背景校正。分析了偏钒酸铵样品中杂质元素含量,选择灵敏度满足要求的谱线。利用基体匹配和同步背景校正,有效的去除了光谱干扰。实验结果表明,各元素检出限在0.000 1%～0.001 8%之间,RSD在0.40%～8.9%之间,加标回收率介于92.0%～107%之间,实验表明了电感耦合等离子体光谱法可以满足偏钒酸铵中杂质元素测定的要求,具有一定的技术优势。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。