考虑拥堵区域的多车型绿色车辆路径问题优化

针对降低物流配送过程中产生的碳排放问题,从绿色环保角度出发,提出一种考虑交通拥堵区域的多车型物流配送车辆的绿色车辆路径问题（GVRP）。首先分析不同类型车辆、不同拥堵状况对车辆行驶路线规划的影响,然后引入基于车辆行驶速度和载重的碳排放速率度量函数;其次以车辆管理使用费用和油耗碳排放成本最小作为优化目标,构建双目标绿色车辆路径模型;最后根据模型的特点设计一种融合模拟退火算法的混合差分进化算法对问题进行求解。通过实验仿真验证模型和算法可以有效规避拥堵区域,与只使用单一4 t车型配送相比,所提模型总成本降低了1.5%,油耗碳排放成本降低了4.3%;和以行驶距离最短为目标的模型相比,所提模型的总配送成本降低了8.1%。说明该模型提高物流企业的经济效益也促进了节能减排。同时所提算法与基本差分算法相比,总配送成本可以降低3%~6%;与遗传算法相比,优化效果更明显,总配送成本可以降低4%~11%,证明该算法更具有优越性。综上所提模型和算法可以为物流企业城市配送路径决策提供良好的参考依据。     

城市物流配送的混合车辆路径规划模型与优化算法

针对城市部分区域限行、物流系统中燃油车与电动车同时并存的实际情况,综合考虑客户需求量、服务时间、电动车行驶里程、已有充电设施、部分充电策略、燃油车油耗与碳排放等因素,以车辆使用固定成本、驾驶员工资、电动车的充电成本、燃油车的油耗与碳排放成本之和最小为目标构建混合车辆路径规划模型.根据模型特征设计一种改进蚁群算法求解,并采用多类型算例进行实验.实验结果表明,所提方法能在非常短的时间内给出符合决策者目标的混合车辆路径规划方案,有效降低总配送成本,减少燃油车油耗与碳排放,具有合理性、可行性与有效性.     

基于配送收益均衡的多目标绿色车辆路径优化算法

针对电商平台物流中的碳排放成本较大以及配送过程中配送员收益不均衡的情况,为满足平台减少物流成本和人力成本的需求,提高车辆配送效率,降低碳排放量,实现低碳绿色出行,研究带有时间窗、配送收益均衡的多目标绿色车辆路径规划问题,并设计混合智能求解算法.首先,建立基于行驶速度的燃油消耗、基于模糊客户满意度的惩罚成本和配送收益均衡函数,构建以最小化燃油消耗量、惩罚成本和配送收益方差为目标的多目标绿色车辆路径模型;然后,将变邻域搜索算子融入NSGA-II算法,设计求解上述模型的多目标进化优化算法,以提高算法的寻优性能;最后,选择Solomon中的18个测试数据集进行实验,通过与2个模型和3种算法的超体积值和knee点值进行对比,验证所提出模型的可行性和算法的有效性,为降低碳排放量、实现低碳绿色出行提供新方案.     

多车型绿色车辆路径问题优化模型

为降低物流配送过程中车辆产生的废气污染,在传统带时间窗车辆路径问题（VRPTW）的基础上,从节能减排的角度出发,引入了油耗和碳排放量的近似计算方法,建立了带时间窗的多车型绿色车辆路径问题模型（G-MVRPTW）。该模型将总成本最小作为优化目标来寻找环境友好型绿色路径,同时设计了改进的禁忌搜索算法求解该问题。该算法在初始解和邻域解的生成时,规定子路径内客户序号顺序按照各个客户点最迟开始服务时间和时间窗大小升序排列。同时,通过最少子路径、子路径总费用和超载量三个指标,改进了解的评价函数,并采用了减少早熟可能性的机制。最后,通过数值实验验证了所提模型和算法的有效性和可行性。实验结果表明,吨公里指标能更好衡量油耗和碳排放成本,新能源车投入运输市场将是新的趋势,可为低碳运输及管理提供决策支持和方法指导。     

多物流中心共同配送的车辆路径问题研究

研究多物流中心共同配送的车辆路径问题。首先考虑客户服务关系变化与客户需求的异质性情况,设计一种共享客户需求、配送车辆与物流中心的共享物流模式;再综合考虑车辆容量、油耗、碳排放、最长行驶时间、客户需求量与服务时间等因素,以总成本最小为目标构建多物流中心共同配送的车辆路径规划模型,并设计一种改进蚁群算法进行求解;最后采用多类型算例进行仿真实验,结果表明共享物流模式能有效避免交叉配送与迂回运输等不合理现象,降低物流成本,缩短车辆行驶距离,减少车辆碳排放,促进物流与环境的和谐发展。     

考虑交通拥堵的冷链物流城市配送的GVRP研究

针对目前研究冷链物流车辆路径问题多未考虑交通拥堵对运营成本的影响,将道路拥堵因素融入到冷链物流绿色车辆路径（Green Vehicle Routing Problem）优化数学模型中。兼顾经济成本和环境成本,在时变网络下综合考虑冷链物流中车辆管理成本、运输能耗成本、货损成本、制冷成本以及客户需求时间窗的惩罚成本,同时引入运输和制冷过程中产生的碳排放成本,统筹安排车辆路径,使得物流企业整体运营成本最低,更绿色环保。在此基础上根据模型特点设计改进蚁群算法进行求解,用实例对模型和算法进行仿真,验证该模型和方法可以有效地规避拥堵时段,降低配送成本,促进物流企业的节能减排,可以为物流企业冷链配送路径决策提供良好的参考依据。     

生鲜电商配送的TDVRPTW研究: 基于经济成本与环境成本兼顾的视角

基于经济成本与环境成本兼顾的视角,研究时变网络下生鲜电商配送的带时间窗车辆路径问题(TDVRPTW),综合考虑车辆时变行驶速度、车辆油耗、碳排放、生鲜农产品的易腐易损性、客户时间窗与最低新鲜度限制等因素,设计跨时间段的路段行驶时间计算方法,引入农产品新鲜度度量函数与碳排放率度量函数.在此基础上,以经济成本与环境成本之和最小为目标构建具有最低新鲜度限制的TDVRPTW数学模型,并根据模型特点设计一种自适应改进蚁群算法求解.最后采用案例验证所提出方法能有效规避交通拥堵时间段、降低总配送成本、促进物流配送领域的节能减排.     

多车场洒水车路径问题的双层遗传算法

论文提出了一种新的遗传算法对有多个加水点的洒水车服务路线问题进行优化求解,给出了一种多车场车辆弧路径问题的数学模型,并对传统遗传算法的染色体编码机制和种群结构进行了改进,设计了一种解决多车场车辆弧路径问题的双层遗传算法,可以表示出各车场出动的车辆及路径,与人工安排的方案进行比较,安排效率高,总行驶路程缩短15％以上,车辆行驶路线更为合理,有效地实现多车场车辆弧路径问题的优化。     

带时间窗的多车场车辆路径优化的粒子群算法

带时间窗的多车场车辆路径问题在基本车辆路径问题的基础上增加了“多车场”与“时间窗”两个约束条件,是一个典型的NP难解问题。将粒子群算法应用于带时间窗的多车场车辆路径优化问题,构造了一种适用于求解车辆路径问题的粒子编码方法,建立了相应的数学模型,在此基础上设计了相应的算法。算例通过和遗传算法、蚁群算法进行比较,证明了其搜索速度和寻优能力的优越性。     

多车场多目标开放式物流配送车辆调度问题的研究

为了优化现代物流中的车辆调度问题,文章针对多车场开放式物流配送车辆调度问题,建立了一种灵活的多目标组合优化模型,此模型可以方便地增减优化目标值;设计了适合多车场开放式车辆路径问题的通用染色体编码方案,并对遗传算法中的交叉变异操作做了详细说明,最终得到了多车场多目标开放式物流配送中车辆调度的优化策略;通过真实的测试用例验证了项目设计的优化模型和遗传算法在解决多车场多目标开放式物流配送车辆调度问题中的可行性.     

时变路网下带混合时间窗的车辆路径问题

针对时变路网下带混合时间窗的车辆路径问题,综合考虑多中心联合配送、混合时间窗、车辆行驶速度连续变化及车辆行驶速度、载重量对油耗的影响,以车辆派遣成本、油耗成本及时间窗惩罚成本之和最小为目标建立优化模型,并设计自适应遗传-大邻域搜索算法对其进行求解。该算法采用自适应交叉、变异以加快种群寻优速度,并引入时差插入法改进交叉算子和变异算子,嵌入移除算子和插入算子对可行解进行摧毁和重建以增加种群的多样性。通过多组算例验证算法的有效性,并分析了混合时间窗客户的比例变化及车辆行驶速度变化对车辆调度方案的影响,结果表明自适应遗传-大邻域搜索算法较基本算法有着更好的求解性能。该研究成果可丰富车辆路径问题的相关研究,为物流企业优化决策配送方案提供理论依据。     

Multi-depot vehicle routing problem: a one-stage approach

This paper introduces multi-depot vehicle routing problem with fixed distribution of vehicles (MDVRPFD) which is one important and useful variant of the traditional multi-depot vehicle routing problem (MDVRP) in the supply chain management and transportation studies. After modeling the MDVRPFD as a binary programming problem, we propose two solution methodologies: two-stage and one-stage approaches. The two-stage approach decomposes the MDVRPFD into two independent subproblems, assignment and routing, and solves them separately. In contrast, the one-stage approach integrates the assignment with the routing where there are two kinds of routing methods-draft routing and detail routing. Experimental results show that our new one-stage algorithm outperforms the published methods. Note to Practitioners-This work is based on several consultancy work that we have done for transportation companies in Hong Kong. The multi-depot vehicle routing problem (MDVRP) is one of the core optimization problems in transportation, logistics, and supply chain management, which minimizes the total travel distance (the major factor of total transportation cost) among a number of given depots. However, in real practice, the MDVRP is not reliable because of the assumption that there have unlimited number of vehicles available in each depot. In this paper, we propose a new useful variant of the MDVRP, namely multi-depot vehicle routing problem with fixed distribution of vehicles (MDVRPFD), to model the practicable cases in applications. Two-stage and one-stage solution algorithms are also proposed. The industry participators can apply our new one-stage algorithm to solve the MDVRPFD directly and efficiently. Moreover, our one-stage solution framework allows users to smoothly add new specified constraints or variants.     

多配送中心车辆路径问题的狼群算法

针对多配送中心动态启用和车辆的合理分配,文章首先建立了以总路径长度最小为目标函数的多配送中心车辆路径问题的数学模型;其次,根据多配送中心车辆路径问题的具体特征,模拟狼群捕食行为设计了求解该问题的狼群算法;最后,应用狼群算法求解测试算例,并将其计算结果与几种常见智能优化算法的计算结果进行比较,验证了狼群算法求解多配送中心车辆路径问题的可行性与有效性。     

The multi-depot vehicle routing problem with heterogeneous vehicle fleet: Formulation and a variable neighborhood search implementation

The multi-depot fleet size and mix vehicle routing problem, also known as the multi-depot routing with heterogeneous vehicles, is investigated. A mathematical formulation is given and lower as well as upper bounds are produced using a three hour execution time of CPLEX. An efficient implementation of variable neighborhood search that incorporates new features in addition to the adaptation of several existing neighborhoods and local search operators is proposed. These features include a preprocessing scheme for identifying borderline customers, a mechanism that aggregates and disaggregates routes between depots, and a neighborhood reduction test that saves nearly 80% of the CPU time, especially on the large instances. The proposed algorithm is highly competitive as it produces 23 new best results when tested on the 26 data instances published in the literature.     

A robust green traffic-based routing problem for perishable products distribution

Nowadays, transportation and logistics are considered as the drivers of economic development in the countries due to their impacts on the main variables of the country's economy such as production, employment, price, and the cost of living. Statistics indicate that fuel consumption constructs a major part of transportation costs, where its optimization leads to the creation of an energy-efficient and sustainable transportation system. On the other hand, vehicles' traffic is also one of the main criteria affecting the travel time of vehicles between demand nodes in a supply chain, increasing fuel consumption, and, consequently, damaging effects of greenhouse gasses. In this paper, a novel robust mixed-integer linear programming model is developed for a green vehicle routing problem with intermediate depots considering different urban traffic conditions, fuel consumption, time windows of services, and uncertain demand for perishable products. To validate and solve the suggested model, CPLEX solver of GAMS software is employed as an exact method. Finally, a case study problem is investigated to evaluate the applicability of the proposed model and determine the optimal managerial insights and policies in the real-world conditions using sensitivity analyses. Moreover, a novel robustness threshold comparison is conducted to find the optimal level of budget assignment.     

A new approach on auxiliary vehicle assignment in capacitated location routing problem

The location routing problem (LRP) considers locating depots and vehicle routing decisions simultaneously. In classic LRP the number of customers in each route depends on the capacity of the vehicle. In this paper a capacitated LRP model with auxiliary vehicle assignment is presented in which the length of each route is not restricted by main vehicle capacity. Two kinds of vehicles are considered: main vehicles with higher capacity and fixed cost and auxiliary vehicles with lower capacity and fixed cost. The auxiliary vehicles can be added to the transportation system as an alternative strategy to cover the capacity limitations and they are just used to transfer goods from depots to vehicles and cannot serve the customers by themselves. To show the applicability of the proposed model, some numerical examples derived from the well-known instances are used. Moreover the model has been solved by some meta-heuristics for large sized instances. The results show the efficiency of the proposed model and the solution approach, considering the classic model and the exact solution approach, respectively.     

A Branch-and-Cut method for the Capacitated Location-Routing Problem

Recent researches in the design of logistic networks have shown that the overall distribution cost may be excessive if routing decisions are ignored when locating depots. The Location-Routing Problem (LRP) overcomes this drawback by simultaneously tackling location and routing decisions. The aim of this paper is to propose an exact approach based on a Branch-and-Cut algorithm for solving the LRP with capacity constraints on depots and vehicles. The proposed method is based on a zero-one linear model strengthened by new families of valid inequalities. The computational evaluation on three sets of instances (34 instances in total), with 5–10 potential depots and 20–88 customers, shows that 26 instances with five depots are solved to optimality, including all instances with up to 40 customers and three with 50 customers.