Low-Complexity Ultra-Wide-Band Communications

Low-complexity low-power ultra-wide-band (UWB) radios are required for low data rate (LDR, < 100 kbps) short- range applications. Potential low-power air interface candidates are impulse radio UWB and FM-UWB. The use of simple (noncoherent) radio architectures, a low supply voltage and duty cycling pave the way to low power consumption. Interference mitigation is an important requirement for today's UWB receivers. Processing gain and filtering may be applied in the physical layer, whereas detect and avoid strategies work at MAC level. Constant-envelope FM-UWB uses high modulation index analog FM for spreading. Instantaneous despreading in the receiver, combined with processing gain make this system an interesting option for robust LDR personal area network systems.     

Ultra-wideband radar using Fourier synthesized waveforms

Traditional methods of ultra-wideband (UWB) radar signal generation suffer from several disadvantages such as low antenna radiation efficiency and lack of accurate control of signal parameters like pulse shape, pulse repetition interval (PRI), and its spectrum. UWB signals can be generated by expanding the desired radar waveform in a Fourier series and then synthesizing the waveform by generating the individual terms in the expansion from harmonically related oscillators. Signals thus produced overcome the disadvantages of traditional methods of UWB signal generation. Fourier series based method for generation of complex amplitude coded waveforms is developed which can be used to generate time domain equivalent of Barker and other codes for application in radar and communication areas. In radar applications, these coded waveforms, with accurate and stable waveform parameters, shall allow pulse compression and coherent integration. The additional processing gain provided by these operations reduces the need for high peak power in radar transmitters which is one of the bottlenecks in the implementation of operational UWB radars. This paper also describes a UWB radar concept which incorporates Fourier synthesized waveforms. Related digital signal processing issues are also discussed     

A Short Range, Low Data Rate, 7.2 GHz-7.7 GHz FM-UWB Receiver Front-End

A 9 mW FM-UWB receiver front-end for low data rate ( $≪$$ hbox{50~kbps}$), short range ( $≪$$hbox{10~m}$) applications operating in the ultra-wideband (UWB) band centered at 7.45 GHz is described in this paper. A single-ended-to-differential preamplifier with 30 dB voltage gain, a 1 GHz bandwidth FM demodulator, and a combined (preamp/demodulator) receiver front-end were fabricated in 0.25 $muhbox{m}$ SiGe:C BiCMOS and characterized. Measured receiver sensitivity is $-hbox{85.8~dBm}$ while consuming 9 mW from a 1.8 V supply, and $-hbox{83~dBm}$ consuming 6 mW at 1.5 V. 15-20 m range line-of-sight in an indoor environment is realized, justifying FM-UWB as a robust radio technology for short range, low data rate applications. Multi-user and interference capabilities are also evaluated.      

超宽带脉冲信号的光学生成方法研究

近年来超宽带(UWB)通信技术迅猛发展,在测量、雷达技术、民用和军事无线通信中有着重要的应用,UWB-over-fiber技术已经成为目前研究的热点,其中就包括UWB脉冲信号的产生方法。区别于传统的电子学方法,光子学产生方法不受电子瓶颈制约,可以实现很高的带宽,并且具有抗电磁干扰、重量轻、结构紧凑的优点。通过对比国内外本领域研究成果,讨论及总结了以下三种原理的UWB脉冲信号的光学生成方法:1)相位调制-强度调制转换(PM-IM);2)半导体光放大器(SOA)的非线性效应;3)频谱塑形和色散所致频域-时域映射,然后对各种方案进行了对比分析。     

超宽带微波滤波器研究现状

超宽带技术具有低功耗、高速率、保密性强等优势,在空间导航、空间通信、雷达等领域有广泛的应用与良好的发展前景。综合了国内外超宽带技术的最新进展,介绍了超宽带微波滤波器的作用、特点及关键问题。从z变换法、多模谐振器法、滤波器级联法等设计方法和微带结构、多层电路结构、腔体结构及新材料等实现结构对近期超宽带微波滤波器的设计进行归纳总结并举例说明。最后展望了超宽带滤波器小型化、高集成、高性能的发展趋势。     

UWB雷达芯片的研究现状与发展

超宽带(UWB)系统具有高传输速率、低功耗、探测精度高、穿透性强、安全性高等优势,在军事、雷达、生物探测、短距通信及室内室外高精度定位等场景有着广泛的应用.并且随着半导体技术的发展,基于CMOS的UWB雷达芯片成为研究热点.国内外众多学者及商业公司提出各具优势的UWB芯片及系统.该文从UWB系统、UWB芯片架构中关键电...     

UWB radio module design for wireless sensor networks

In this paper, we describe an impulse-based ultra wideband (UWB) radio system for wireless sensor network (WSN) applications. Different architectures have been studied for base station and sensor nodes. The base station node uses coherent UWB architecture because of the high performance and good sensitivity requirements. However, to meet complexity, power and cost constraints, the sensor module uses a novel non-coherent architecture that can autonomously detect the UWB signals. The radio modules include a transceiver block, a baseband processing unit and a power management block. The transceiver block includes a Gaussian pulse generator, a multiplier, an integrator and timing circuits. For long range applications, a wideband low noise amplifier (LNA) is included in the transceiver of the sensor module, whereas in short range applications it is simply eliminated to further reduce the power consumption. In order to verify the proposed system concept, circuit level implementation is studied using 1.5 V 0.18 μm CMOS technology. Finally, the UWB radio modules have been designed for implementation in liquid-crystal-polymer (LCP) based System-on-Package (SoP) technology for low power, low cost and small size integration. A small low cost, double-slotted, Knight’s helm antenna is embedded in the LCP substrate, which shows stable characterization and a return loss better than ?10 dB over the UWB band.     

循环功率谱特征检测算法在认知超宽带无线通信的应用

认知超宽带无线通信技术结合了超宽带无线通信技术和认知无线电技术,信号频谱检测是认知超宽带无线通信系统的核心模块之一。循环平稳特性普遍存在于各种调制信号中,该文研究了一种新的检测算法循环功率谱特征检测算法,并以OFDM信号为例给出了软件仿真和性能分析。该检测算法能够区分有用信号,噪声信号和干扰信号,是最适合认知超宽带无线通信系统的。     

探测通信一体化研究现状与发展趋势

探测通信一体化将独立的探测与通信系统集成一起,通过共用一套硬件设备实现目标探测与信息传输功能,相比传统单一的探测与通信系统,其具有节约平台空间、降低平台能耗以及提高平台安全性等优点。首先介绍国内外陆上雷达通信一体化的相关研究,以及陆上与水下探测通信一体化的区别。结合水声传感网络的应用背景,借鉴雷达通信一体化研究技术,针对探测通信一体化亟需解决的共享波形设计、自干扰抑制以及共享信号处理三个问题,讨论了水下探测通信一体化在单基地、双基地、信息化、安全性方面的发展应用。无论是陆上还是水下,探测与通信作为信息系统的两大功能,两者的一体化设计是系统集成化、信息化、智能化的发展趋势之一。      

空时编码在单天线UWB通信系统中的应用

超宽带(UWB)适用于基带多用户通信、战场无线通信和高数据率多媒体业务等通信系统,其数据传输速率高、功耗低、多径分辨能力强。但超宽带脉冲信号时域支撑区极窄,信道为密集多径,将空时编码技术引入超宽带通信系统,能够提升无线通信系统的信道容量与抗误比特率性能。在对UWB空时分组编码系统模型性能理论分析的基础上,对空时分组码在单天线UWB系统应用方案与UWB空时分层码方案进进行了简要介绍,利用Matlab对IEEEUWB信道模型进行仿真,提出了空时编码在UWB通讯技术中应用后提升短距高速率无线通信的性能的结论 。     

高功率超宽带电磁脉冲技术

高功率超宽带电磁脉冲源对许多应用 ,如冲击脉冲雷达、探测地雷、微波武器等是十分重要的。本文评述在快速高压开关和超宽带天线发展中的最新进展 ,讨论了未来这类超宽带源研究的技术挑战和发展前景     

UWB超宽带技术研究及应用

UWB以其高速率、高频谱利用率、低成本、低功耗和应用范围广等一系列优点受到业界前所未有的关注。正是由于其高性能、低成本的无线数据通信能力,成为实现无限个人局域网的富有竞争力的技术之一。在介绍超宽带技术（UWB）基本特点和原理的基础上,重点讨论了该技术在家庭网络中应用的优势和实现,并介绍了超宽带技术在其他方面的最新应用。     

22–29 GHz Ultra-Wideband CMOS Pulse Generator for Short-Range Radar Applications

The pseudo-millimeter-wave ultra-wideband (UWB) is attractive for applications in short-range automotive radar systems using 22 to 29 GHz in order to realize road safety and intelligent transportation. Although the CMOS is suitable for short- range radar since processing units can be implemented in the same chip as the UWB front-end building block, it is difficult to operate CMOS pulse generators at such a high frequency. To realize the pseudo-millimeter-wave band using CMOS, we have proposed a new pulse generator consisting of a series of delay cells and edge combiners with waveform shaping for short-range radar. As a result of measurement using 90-nm CMOS technology, 1 Gb/s/bit pulses with 71 mV peak-to-peak, 39.2 ps monopulse width and 552 ps envelope width are successfully generated with a power consumption of 1.4 mW at a supply voltage of 0.91 V. This result can be the basis for developing the key technology for one-chip short-range radar sensors.     

超宽带通信中的天线技术

超宽带（UItra-wide Bandwidth,UWB）短距离无线通信是近几年来的一个热门课题。UWB技术具有高保密性、低功耗等一系列特点,在众多领域都有很好的应用前景。UWB天线作为其中的一项关键技术,也得到了广泛的研究。本文就超宽带中的天线技术作一个简单介绍以便更深的了解超宽带系统。     

介质杆天线的时域特性分析

超宽带技术在通信、雷达等众多领域获得广泛应用，时域天线是其关键技术。对介质杆天线用作时域天线的可行性进行了分析，并给出选择介质杆参数的依据。同时还使用FD-TD(时域有限差分法)数值计算方法分析了在超宽带情况下介质杆的直径、激励方式及终端渐变方式对天线的传播特性及辐射特性的影响。分析表明这种天线适宜用作时域天线。     

An ultrawideband system architecture for tag based wireless sensor networks

With the latest improvements in device size, power consumption, and communications, sensor networks are becoming increasingly more popular. There has also been a great increase in the popularity of commercial applications based on ultrawideband (UWB). Impulse radio (IR) based UWB technology utilizes noise-like signal, has potentially low complexity and low cost, is resistant to severe multipath, and has very good time domain resolution allowing for location and tracking applications. In this paper, the architecture and performance of a noncoherent low complexity UWB impulse radio based transceiver designed for low data rate, low cost sensor network applications is presented. The UWB-IR transmitter is based on a delay locked loop (DLL) and UWB monocycle pulse generator. The UWB-IR receiver utilises a noncoherent, energy detection based approach, which makes it largely independent of the shape of the transmit waveform and robust to multipath channels. The test circuits are designed for 0.35 /spl mu/m SiGe BiCMOS technology. This paper presents system simulations results as well as the performance of key functional blocks of the designed UWB application specific integrated circuit (ASIC) transceiver architecture. The simulated power consumption of UWB-IR transceiver circuits is 136 mW with 100% duty cycle with a 3.3 V power supply.     

Ultra-Wideband Multifunctional Communications/Radar System

We have designed, simulated, fabricated, and tested an ultra-wideband (UWB) multifunctional communication and radar system utilizing a single shared transmitting antenna aperture. Two surface acoustic wave bandpass chirp filters were used to modulate the radar and communications pulses, generating linear frequency modulation waveforms with opposite slope factors. The system operates at a center frequency of 750 MHz with 500 MHz of instantaneous bandwidth. The measured range resolution is 63 cm (25 in) using targets with a radar cross section of 2.7 m². The probability of detection was measured to be 99%, and the probability of false alarm was 7% with the communication and radar systems operating simultaneously. The bit error rate for simultaneous communication at 1 Mb/s, and radar at 150 kHz pulse repetition frequency and 1.5-ns pulsewidth is 2e - 3. Our UWB multifunctional system demonstrates the ability to simultaneously interrogate the environment and communicate through a shared transmitting antenna aperture, while realizing a simple system architecture with low output power and not employing time-division multiplexing.     

基于FPGA的UWB雷达PPM调制解调系统

超宽带UWB无线通信技术是一种基于直接发射窄脉冲的新技术,因其具有低功耗、良好的抗干扰和抗多径能力、穿透性能好等特点,特别适用于隐藏活动目标检测和近距离数据传输。用于检测隐藏活动目标的超宽带雷达就是基于基带无载波极窄脉冲的,有着广阔的应用前景。对比超宽带的多种调制解调方式选取了脉冲位置调制。介绍了使用Verilog语言在FPGA上实现PPM调制解调器,实现了UWB雷达发送窄脉冲进行基带调制。     

短距离低功率无线通信接入系统

短距离低功率无线通信接入技术主要集中在物理层和媒体访问控制（MAC）层,包括蓝牙、超宽带（UWB）和Wi-Fi等。蓝牙是链接近距离设备的电缆数据传送的辅助技术;UWB作为窄脉冲无线电技术链接众多电子设备,提供宽带无线接入的灵活性和移动性;Wi-Fi给快速接入设备和WLAN内移动设备提供无线链接,用于较长距离链接,支持一定功率的移动终端接入。短距离低功率无线通信接入系统的标准化进程非常快,辅助标准多,但目前仍以蓝牙和Wi-Fi为主。     

基于功率合成的超宽带冲击雷达研究

用电路合成和空间合成技术，将多个数干伏、纳秒级、超宽带脉冲源合成为兆瓦级高功率脉冲源；文中设计了一套由功率合成的全固态脉冲发射机、超宽带平面喇叭收发天线阵、正交解调采样接收机、主控计算机四大部分组成的冲击体制雷达目标探测系统，介绍了系统的工作原理；给出了实际系统目标探测的外场试验相关试验结果，验证了系统的可行性以及信号处理算法的正确性和有效性，为高功率冲击体制雷达技术的发展奠定了一定的实践基础。