基于二值离散运算的自适应数字图像水印算法

论文提出了一种在小波变换域内基于二值离散运算的自适应数字图像水印算法.算法利用人眼视觉掩盖特性,根据要嵌入的伪随机数水印长度自适应地选择原始图像小波逼近子图中纹理信息丰富的图像子块,通过对这些图像子块系数的二值离散修改实现水印的嵌入,水印检测无需原始图像.由于水印的嵌入与检测是基于二值离散运算,所嵌入的水印具有很理想的鲁棒性,能免疫于常规图像处理方法的有限攻击.同时,嵌入的水印具有理想的隐蔽效果,完全满足水印不可觉察性要求.     

基于小波与DCT域易损水印算法研究

易损水印是数字媒体内容完整性保护重要技术手段。文中用离散小波变换(DWT)和离散余弦变换(DCT)相结合算法实现对图像内容完整性保护。通过MATLAB仿真实验表明该算法有较强嵌入检测能力。     

基于DCT 的三维网格模型数字水印算法

基于离散余弦变换(DCT)技术和扩频通信技术提出三维模型稳健水印嵌入算法. 算法将原始的一维二值水印序列利用扩频通信技术生成可以直接嵌入的水印信息;利用主成分分析(PCA)方法,将原始模型变换到仿射(旋转、 平移和均匀缩放)不变空间中,选取模型顶点到其中心距离作为水印嵌入单元,基于双极性量化嵌入单元离散余弦变换系数的方法嵌入水印并实现水印的盲提取. 该算法嵌入的水印信息具有不可见性,能够抵抗模型的旋转、平移、均匀缩放等常见攻击. 仿真实验验证了算法的有效性.     

3种频域数字水印算法的分析和比较

阐述了离散傅里叶算法(DFT)、离散余弦算法(DCT)、离散小波变换算法(DWT)这3种常用的频域数字水印算法的原理,并分别采用不同算法对数字图像进行了水印嵌入,检测其峰值信噪比(PSNR)和相关系数(NC)的值,分析并比较了这3种算法的优缺点,证明了离散小波变换在频域算法中能够得到最好的效果。     

一种抗旋转的全息水印算法

为了找到一种能够抵抗旋转攻击的安全的水印算法,综合分析了常见的水印算法后,发现离散小波变换、离散余弦变换、奇异值分解的变换域水印能够较好地满足抗旋转攻击的需求。对水印图像进行了双随机相位全息加密,通过密钥保障水印的安全性,把加密的水印嵌入到变换域中。设计了试验,研究了含有水印的图像在平移、缩放、旋转、中值滤波、高斯噪声、椒盐噪声和压缩攻击下提取水印质量的影响。实验结果表明,水印能够抵抗常见的几何攻击,特别是旋转攻击,对常见的噪声压缩攻击同样有很好的效果。基于变换域的全息水印算法具有很好的鲁棒性,能够抵抗常见的几何攻击,具有很好的安全性,没有密钥不能对水印进行检测和去除。     

基于数字全息和离散余弦变换的数字水印技术

提出了一种基于数字菲涅耳全息和离散余弦变换的数字水印技术.利用全息技术得到原始水印图像的菲涅耳全息图,之后将其嵌入宿主图像离散余弦变换域的中频系数,将水印添加位置和光学系统的几何结构参数作为恢复水印信息的密钥,并且算法属"盲数字水印技术",从而该算法具有较好的安全性和实用性.对算法的测试结果也表明,该算法对噪声,滤波、剪切,旋转、有损压缩等常见的图像处理操作具有较高的稳健性.因此,该算法具有一定的实用价值.     

基于离散余弦变换的三维点云模型全息盲水印

目的 为保护三维模型版权, 提出一种基于离散余弦变换的三维点云模型全息盲水印算法。方法 对三维点云模型进行仿射不变性处理, 将三维模型由直角坐标系转到球坐标系, 并对球坐标中的角度值进行升序排序; 将顶点到质心的距离按顺序存入64×64的数组中, 作为水印嵌入对象; 二值水印图像经全息水印技术生成全息水印, 并对全息水印进行分块离散余弦变换, 在该变换域的中频部分实现对水印的嵌入, 再经过离散余弦逆变换, 实现由频域到空间域的变换, 生成带有水印的三维模型。结果 提出的算法是一种盲水印算法, 对一些仿射攻击具有较好的鲁棒性。将水印嵌在变换域的中频部分, 水印的不可见性及稳定性增强。结论 提出算法可成功获得水印信息, 采用全息技术实现了三维模型版权保护。     

基于混沌和置乱双重加密的数字图像水印算法

提出一种基于离散平稳小波变换的变换域的数字图像水印嵌入和提取算法.本算法先将数字水印图像进行置乱变换(Arnold变换),然后将置乱后的水印图像进行混沌加密,将加密后的水印按行展开成一维行向量,并将像素值从大到小排序,将原始图像平稳小波分解得到的低频系数也按行展开成一维行向量 ,并按从大到小排序.将排序后的水印图像嵌入排序后的低频系数中,变回二维后结合其它频域重构出水印图像 ,水印提取是嵌入过程的逆过程,将提取出的水印图像进行混沌解密、Arnold反置乱变换得到原始水印图像.本算法选择了合适的水印嵌入位置,实验结果表明:该算法使图像的不可见性好,而且所嵌入的水印对一般的图像处理攻击如噪声、滤波、旋转、压缩等有较强的鲁棒性.     

抗打印扫描彩色图像水印算法

目的设计一种适用于彩色打印扫描图像的鲁棒性盲水印算法。方法结合四元数傅里叶变换及离散小波变换的优点,提出了一种双变换域全息水印算法。利用四元数傅里叶变换及离散小波变换,将全息水印信息分散嵌入到彩色宿主图像3个色彩分量的低频小波系数区域,而不引起大的图像失真,同时,算法实现了盲提取。结果算法满足不可见性要求,同时打印扫描实验证明,该算法具有抵抗打印扫描攻击的能力。结论结合四元数傅里叶变换及离散小波变换的双变换域水印算法,保留了2种变换域在处理彩色图像中的优点,在应用于打印扫描彩色图像时,效果比现有算法更好。     

基于QR码的DWT-SVD数字水印算法

目的 结合奇异值和小波变换的优点, 针对彩色载体图像进行水印的嵌入和提取, 提高水印的鲁棒性和安全性。方法 根据基于DWT-SVD的数字水印算法, 对彩色载体图像进行RGB到Lab颜色空间的转换, 对L分量作二级离散小波变换, 选择低频子带并对其进行奇异值分解, 同时对原始QR码水印进行奇异值分解。最后根据人眼视觉系统 （HVS） 特性, 选择合适的嵌入强度因子嵌入水印。结果 文中算法对于高斯噪声、 椒盐噪声、 斑纹噪声和泊松噪声、 JPEG压缩、 小角度的旋转攻击、 缩放攻击以及对比度增强有一定的鲁棒性。结论 该算法能够抵抗常见的水印攻击, 满足数字防伪以及版权保护的需要。     

A Triple-Channel Encrypted Hybrid Fusion Technique to Improve Security of Medical Images

Assuring medical images protection and robustness is a compulsory necessity nowadays. In this paper, a novel technique is proposed that fuses the wavelet-induced multi-resolution decomposition of the Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT) with the energy compaction of the Discrete Wavelet Transform (DCT). The multi-level Encryption-based Hybrid Fusion Technique (EbhFT) aims to achieve great advances in terms of imperceptibility and security of medical images. A DWT disintegrated sub-band of a cover image is reformed simultaneously using the DCT transform. Afterwards, a 64-bit hex key is employed to encrypt the host image as well as participate in the second key creation process to encode the watermark. Lastly, a PN-sequence key is formed along with a supplementary key in the third layer of the EbHFT. Thus, the watermarked image is generated by enclosing both keys into DWT and DCT coefficients. The fusions ability of the proposed EbHFT technique makes the best use of the distinct privileges of using both DWT and DCT methods. In order to validate the proposed technique, a standard dataset of medical images is used. Simulation results show higher performance of the visual quality (i.e., 57.65) for the watermarked forms of all types of medical images. In addition, EbHFT robustness outperforms an existing scheme tested for the same dataset in terms of Normalized Correlation (NC). Finally, extra protection for digital images from against illegal replicating and unapproved tampering using the proposed technique.     

抗亮度调整攻击的小波域图像数字水印方法

现有的许多小波变换域图像数字水印方法无法抵抗亮度调整攻击,为此,本丈提出了一个抗亮度调整攻击的小波变换域图像数字水印新方法.该方法在原始图像小波变换域的低频系数中嵌入水印,而在含水印图像小波变换域低频系数抗亮度调整修正后的值中提取水印.该方法简单、快速、有效,在提取水印时无需原始图像.实验结果表明:该方法具有很好的水印透明性,对亮度调整攻击非常稳健,并且对常见的其他图像处理攻击(如重采样、颜色抖动、平滑、加噪声和有损压缩等)具有很强的稳健性.     

A Robust Image Watermarking Scheme Using Z-Transform,Discrete Wavelet Transform and Bidiagonal Singular Value Decomposition

Watermarking is a widely used solution to the problems of authentication and copyright protection of digital media especially for images, videos, and audio data. Chaos is one of the emerging techniques adopted in image watermarking schemes due to its intrinsic cryptographic properties. This paper proposes a new chaotic hybrid watermarking method combining Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT), Z-transform (ZT) and Bidiagonal Singular Value Decomposition (BSVD). The original image is decomposed into 3-level DWT, and then, ZT is applied on the HH3 and HL3 sub-bands. The watermark image is encrypted using Arnold Cat Map. BSVD for the watermark and transformed original image were computed, and the watermark was embedded by modifying singular values of the host image with the singular values of the watermark image. Robustness of the proposed scheme was examined using standard test images and assessed against common signal processing and geometric attacks. Experiments indicated that the proposed method is transparent and highly robust.     

An Efficient DWT and Intuitionistic Fuzzy Based Multimodality Medical Image Fusion

Image fusion aims to integrate complementary information from multiple modalities into a single image with none distortion and loss of data. Image fusion is important in medical imaging, specifically for the purpose of detecting the tumor and identification of diseases. In this article, completely unique discrete wavelet transform (DWT) and intuitionistic fuzzy sets (IFSs) based fusion method (DWT‐IFS) is proposed. For fusion, initially, all source images are fused using DWT with the average, maximum, and entropy fusion rules. Besides, on the fused image IFS is applied. In the IFS process images are converted into intuitionistic fuzzy images (IFIs) by selecting an optimum value for the parameter in membership, non‐membership, and hesitation degree function using entropy. Then, the resulting IFIs are decomposed into the blocks, and the corresponding blocks of the images are fused using the intersection and union operations of IFS. The efficiency of the proposed DWT‐IFS fusion method is recognized by examining it with other existing methods, such as Averaging (AVG), Principal Component Analysis (PCA), Laplacian Pyramid Approach (LPA), Contrast Pyramid Approach (CPA), Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT), Morphological Pyramid Approach (MPA), Redundancy Discrete Wavelet Transform (RDWT), Contourlet Transform (CONTRA), and Intuitionistic Fuzzy Set (IFS) using subjective and objective performance evaluation measures. The experimental results reveal that the proposed DWT‐IFS fusion method provides higher quality of information in terms of physical properties and contrast as compared to the existing methods.     

A novel key-frame selection-based sign language recognition framework for the video data

ABSTRACT

Sign language is a medium of communication for people with hearing disabilities. Static and dynamic gestures are identified in a video-based sign language recognition and translated them into humanly understandable phrases to achieve the communication objective. However, videos contain redundant Key-frames which require additional processing. Number of such Key-frames can be reduced. The selection of particular Key-frames without losing the required information is a challenging task. The Key-frame extraction algorithm is used which helps to speed-up the sign language recognition process by extracting essential key-frames. The proposed framework eliminates the computation overhead by picking up the distinct Key-frames for the recognition process. Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT), Discrete Cosine Transform (DCT), and Histograms of Oriented Gradient (HOG) are used for unique features extraction. We used the bagged tree, boosted tree ensemble method, Fine KNN, and SVM for classification. We tested methodology on video-based datasets of Pakistani Sign Language. It achieved an overall 97.5% accuracy on 37 Urdu alphabets and 95.6% accuracy on 100 common words.     

离散余弦变换域内的Retinex图像增强模型研究

针对现有离散余弦变换（DCT）域图像增强算法大多统一处理DCT系数,且不能有效抑制块状效应的问题,将Retinex思想引入DCT域,提出一种新增强算法：将DCT系数分为入射分量和反射分量,构造一种带强光抑制的函数,将入射分量映射到理想的动态范围;定义一种频带限制的对比度,实现反射分量的局部细节增强;使用子块分解方法抑制块状效应。实验结果表明,与现有Retinex及DCT域增强算法相比,该算法具有更好的细节增强及强光抑制效果,且能较好抑制块状效应。     

一种新的多重水印算法

水印对多种攻击的鲁棒性仍然没有得到很好的解决.针对单一水印在受到多种攻击时无法保证足够鲁棒性的问题,提出了一种DCT域的多重鲁棒水印算法.首先对原始图像进行采样,并把图像分成两组,采用两种不同的调制方式,即抖动调制和基于选择块的DCT系数调制嵌入有意义的二值图像水印.与已有算法相比,加水印图像可以获得更好的质量.在DCT的不同频率分量中嵌入水印,保证了水印图像在受到常见的各种攻击之后至少有一个清晰可见.实验结果表明了算法能有效地抵抗常见的信号处理攻击,并且当存在多种攻击的时候,至少有一个水印图像清晰可见,从而为版权保护提供证据.     

一种用于印刷图像防伪的水印算法设计与实现

阐述了基于DCT变换域的数字水印理论和算法,并根据相关理论模型,提出了一种在离散傅里叶变换中实现的、可用于印刷品防伪的数字水印嵌入算法。研究表明与传统的LSB算法和Patchwork算法相比,该算法有较好的抗攻击能力。给出了系统的水印嵌入算法和水印提取流程设计的过程。实践证明,基于DCT变换域的数字水印算法能确保水印的不可见性,并保持较好的鲁棒性,实现了印刷图像载体数字版权的保护,并可检测出用此算法嵌入印刷图像中的不可见标记。最后通过实验验证了此算法的可行性、可靠性和有效性,为印刷品版权保护提供参考和借鉴。