大型经纬仪主系统热分析

大型光电经纬仪主镜和次镜的面形精度对温度和温度梯度的变化较为敏感。大型经纬仪主光学系统光机结构设计时需要进行温度场校核计算,以充分考察光机系统的热适应能力,为结构设计和热控设计提供依据。文章以某大型光电经纬仪的主光学系统为研究对象,分析了其主要的传热形式并建立了该系统的温度场模型,接着应用有限元分析方法对主系统做了瞬态温度场分析,以此为基础对光机结构进行热一结构耦合分析,获得了系统主、次镜的面形变形和相对位置的变化,讨论了对系统成像质量的影响并给出了初步的热控建议。     

五自由度次镜调整机构的研究

在同轴望远镜系统中,主镜和次镜的相对位置和姿态有非常严格的要求,需要将次镜设计成多自由度可以调整的机构.针对次镜调整机构的性能要求,提出一套由二维XY移动平台和三维Tip/Tilt/Focus平台组合成的五自由度次镜调整机构方案.其中三维Tip/Tilt/Focus平台由3个驱动器、定平台与动平台组成,驱动器与动平台之间由柔性铰链连接,通过3个驱动器的伸缩和柔性铰链的转动来实现动平台的三自由度运动.对三维Tip/Tilt/Focus平台的运动学原理作了详细介绍,深入地讨论柔性铰链弯曲刚度和轴向刚度与几何参数的关系.研究结果为五维调整机构及柔性铰链的设计提供客观依据,具有较大的实际意义.     

地基望远镜主镜支撑性能分析

主镜面型精度是地基大口径望远镜最关键的技术指标之一.为了研究主镜室以及主镜底支撑和侧支撑系统的重力变形造成的主镜面型误差,介绍了一地基光电望远镜的主镜室及详细的主镜支撑结构,借助于有限元法,建立了主镜,主镜室和支撑结构的详细有限元模型,分析计算了主镜在支撑状态下的镜面变形情况,并通过ZYGO干涉仪进行了面型检测.计算结...     

强风作用下超大型冷却塔结构失效准则与强健性分析

为分析超大型冷却塔在强风作用下的结构失效准则与强健性,以超规范高度限值的世界最高220 m超大型冷却塔为例,基于ANSYS/LS?DYNA平台建立结构三维有限元模型,对其风致倒塌全过程进行数值仿真分析.研究了典型风速下位移响应与塔筒内力分布特性,得出最不利响应发生的位置、数值及分布规律,探讨了强风下塔筒结构"稳定?失稳...     

大口径望远镜主镜支撑优化分析

大口径望远镜主镜的面形精度是影响望远镜成像质量的关键因素之一.光电系统中主镜轴向支撑点位置,对面形精度起着非常重要的作用,主镜支撑点位置合理与否,在一定程度上影响着光学系统的成像质量.本文对大口径望远镜主镜的轴向支撑和径向支撑技术进行了详细地研究,利用有限元软件ANSYS建立了主镜的参数化模型,对不同口径主镜的轴向支撑点数目和位置进行了优化,从而给出了最佳支撑点的位置.优化分析结果表明了,主镜的面形精度满足系统的精度要求,并且轴向支撑对镜面的面形影响较大.     

大口径主反射镜支撑结构设计

大口径空间反射镜支撑技术是空间相机研制中的关键技术之一.从保证反射镜组件刚度、强度和热尺寸稳定性的角度出发,对某型卡塞格林系统中980 mm口径主反射镜支撑结构进行了设计.提出采用背部六点支撑,三点为主另外三点为辅的支撑方案,通过在支撑结构中设置柔性环节,从而解决了大口径主反射镜在自重作用下面形精度满足要求而在温变栽荷作用下面形精度严重超差的问题.利用有限元分析软件进行了主镜组件的静、动态刚度及热尺寸稳定性分析,并在分析的基础上对支撑结构中的柔性环节结构参数进行修正,在保证支撑刚度的同时降低了重力、装配应力和热应力对面形精度的影响.分析和试验结果表明,主镜在重力和4℃均匀温升载荷下面形精度达到PV<λ/10,RMS相似文献   

风机塔筒流固耦合分析与受力监测研究

为研究大型风力机塔筒在随机风荷载下的受力和变形特性,用AR法模拟脉动风,基于ABAQUS协同仿真平台对风力机进行流固耦合分析,得到了塔筒的内力和变形,并与常规静力计算结果和实测结果做了相关对比。分析表明:塔筒最大应力出现在底、中段塔筒的连接部位,门洞因洞轴线与主风向垂直并设有门框,其周围未出现明显应力集中;忽略塔身风荷载会对塔筒最大应力控制点的位置造成偏差,考虑脉动风的流固耦合分析所得结果与实测结果接近,可较真实地反映塔筒内力和变形随时间的变化特性。     

超高层建筑束筒结构受确定性动力作用的半解析分析

将超高层建筑束筒结构与其基础等效连续化为一个支撑在半无限大弹性地基上具有三维连续分布刚度和质量特性的加劲薄壁筒组合体,并以此模型,对其在多维简谐动力作用下的稳态反应进行了半解析分析,并计算出了共振响应,那就是当激励荷载的频率与结构系统的自振频率很接近时,结构的动力响应会出现非常大的突变。计算结果表明:模型的简化是合理的、可行的,从而为超高层建筑束筒结构的整体动力分析提供了一种可行的方法,并给出了几点对此类结构的抗震设计有指导意义的结论。     

大口径反射镜侧支撑结构力学分析

从理论上论述了在真空望远镜主反射镜的几种侧支撑结构,并运用有限元法对之分别进行了分析计算,得到使用了不同侧支撑结构的真空望远镜主镜在不同观测角度时的表面变形结果,通过比较变形结果,得到使用新配方粘接剂的粘接侧支撑机构支撑效果更好.在已确定使用Grubb十八点底支撑结构后,分析了使用粘接剂的侧支撑结构主反射镜变形与应力情况.通过有限元分析结果,得出变形结果符合整个光学系统的公差要求,同时证明了使用改性粘接剂的侧支撑系统可有效减少光学件表面变形量.     

主承力结构对柴油机振声响应影响规律的研究

建立某12V型柴油机的有限元模型,进行整机振动频响计算,并结合AML方法建立该柴油机的声辐射预测模型。在此基础上,开展主承力结构不同设计参数方案下的内燃机整机振声响应计算,从而确定影响内燃机振声响应的主承力结构关键设计要素:主轴承座-盖宽度、机体箱体内侧板位置及机体箱体外侧板厚度,并对上述设计参数进行关于内燃机整机声功率级的响应面分析。通过响应面分析的结果,获得了该柴油机主承力结构的最优设计方案,对比优化前后整机声功率级值,主承力结构优化后整机声功率级值减小了1.87 d B(A),即优化后声功率比原始结构下声功率减小了1/3,优化效果显著。     

The structural intensities of composite plates with a hole

The structural intensities in isotropic and orthotropic laminae and composite laminated plates with and without a hole of different rim conditions are studied using the finite element method. Patterns of superposition among structural stress fields, intensity vectors, mode shapes and streamlines of energy flow are obtained for the various cases. It is found that the hole completely changes the distributions of the stress and energy flow path in plates. Despite its nature of mode dependent the pattern of energy flow may be different from each other despite having similar structural mode shapes, moreover the position of maximum stress is not corresponding to the position of maximum structural intensity.     

Spontaneous emission and radiation properties of a driven four-level atom embedded in an anisotropic PBG

The spontaneous emission from a driven four-level tripod atom embedded in an anisotropic photonic crystal is investigated in this paper. We find that time-evolution properties and components of the emitted fields are dependent on the relative position of the upper level of the atom from the band edge and the space between two lower levels. The radiation field emitted by the atom is calculated more accurately. The energy is translated from one form to another with the increase of distance from the atom and the upper level's relative position. The evolution properties and the spontaneous spectrum are also studied. The results analyzed here are consistent with the distribution of emitted fields.     

空间曲线型微细管道局部几何性质检测

开发了适于测量空间微细管道局部几何性质的传感器及其检测系统。在管道机器人潜入式检测过程中曲率传感器可适应管道的几何形状发生弯曲,同时内部的光路也将发生变化。根据激光束在PSD光敏面上的照射位置和传感器结构参数,确定管道曲率传感器上设立的活动标架沿轴线的转动速率,得到两个相邻活动标架之间的位置关系。结合初始活动标架方位、传感器结构,运用递推算法计算管道中心线局部几何性质参数。实验结果表明,测量相对误差小于4%,适合测量f10～f13mm、曲率半径大于100mm的管道几何性质。     

The generation of domain boundaries in catalytically-grown carbon nanotubes

Arrays of catalytically-grown multi-wall carbon nanotubes were grown using identical conditions in a chemical vapor deposition environment, but cooled at different cooling rates, to identify the influence of cooling rate on the structural properties of the nanotube at the catalyst-wall interface. Ex-situ transmission electron microscopy led to the identification of twist, twin, and tilt domain boundaries in all samples irrespective of cooling rate. In addition, the relative position of twist, twin, and tilt domain boundaries in nanotubes cooled at different rates was maintained uniformly across all samples cooled at different rates. The results are interpreted in light of the concurrence of base- and tip-growth for the catalytic synthesis of nanotubes, suggesting a rather steady position occupied by the domain boundaries coupled to the catalytic particles.     

结构参数对磁力平衡头自锁和启动力矩的影响研究

为了简化平衡头的自锁结构,提出了一种磁路自锁型电磁—永磁混合式平衡头。当线圈不通电时,依靠相邻两个永磁体与磁性内齿盘之间的磁阻最小,平衡头锁定在稳定位置。当线圈通电后,在电磁场和永磁体作用下,平衡头启动并向下一稳定位置运动。讨论了影响平衡头自锁力矩和启动力矩的结构参数,并对各个参数的取值范围进行了初步设计。通过有限元电磁分析,得到了其与自锁力矩、启动力矩之间的量化关系。基于此,设计并开发了一套电磁平衡头样机,完成了其自锁可靠性计算和启动能力试验。对比计算和试验结果,平衡头结构设计和参数选取正确。研究工作为该平衡头的工程应用提供了重要的参考价值。     

竖向地震作用下充满液体管道的地震反应分析

用半解析法求解竖向地震作用下充满液体管道的弯曲振动反应。针对某些介质和结构参数，给出了一些数值结果，得出了管道内部液体压力对管道动力响应的影响及相对地震反应对其动力响应影响的若干初步结论。对地上充满液体管道的地震效应作了一些理论上的探讨。     

Off-axis transformation of the composite laminate stiffness properties

Most composite structures are orthotropic with respect to the major structural loading direction, i.e. the 0 ° fibres are along the principal bending axes of an aircraft wing (the spar line). The laminate stiffness properties are given with the laminate orthotropic axes aligned with the structural axes. If the orthotropic axes are not aligned to the structural axes, then the laminate stiffness properties are generated from classical laminated plate theory with individual ply angles rotated through the appropriae angle of transformation. In this discussion, the transformation of a laminate's stiffness from the on-axis position to an off-axis position is accomplished in one step. Two typical examples are shown to illustrate where and why such a transformation is used.     

Micromechanics of a Double Continuum in a Model of a Medium with Variable Periodic Structure

A new model of a double continuum with variable local topology is used to develop an essentially nonlinear theory of a medium with a cardinally rearranged periodic structure. This theory is based on a continualization of the periodic structure of a complex crystalline lattice consisting of two sublattices. In the long-wave approximation, the standard linear theory of acoustic and optic oscillations of the complex lattice is generalized. In this generalization, an internal translational symmetry of relative shear of the sublattices is taken into account. As a result, the interaction between the sublattices is expressed in terms of a nonlinear periodic force described, in particular, as a sine of the relative shear of two atoms belonging to an elementary cell. The corresponding equations describe elastic and inelastic catastrophic deformations due to the structural instability which accompanies phase transitions, twinning, defect formation, etc. Some static and dynamic problems are analyzed     

Achieving Subnanometer Precision in a MEMS-Based Storage Device During Self-Servo Write Process

In probe-based data storage devices, microelectromechanical system-based microscanners are typically used to position the storage medium relative to the read/write probes. Global position sensors are employed to provide position information across the full scan range of these microscanners. However, to achieve repeatable positioning, it is also necessary to have medium-derived position information. Dedicated storage fields known as servo fields are employed to obtain this medium-derived position information. The servo-patterns on these servo fields have to be written using the global position sensors prior to the regular operation of the storage device by employing a scheme known as “self-servo write” process. During this process, subnanometer positioning resolutions, well below that provided by the global position sensors, are desirable. Such precise positioning at acceptable bandwidth requires the directed design of the closed-loop noise sensitivity transfer function so as to minimize the impact of sensing noise. This paper describes control architectures in which the impact of measurement noise on positioning is minimal while providing satisfactory tracking performance. It is estimated that the positioning error due to sensing noise is a remarkably low 0.25 nm. Experimental results are also presented that show error-free operation of the device at high densities.      

基于参数辨识的力传感器动态校准方法

力传感器动态校准通常采用静态指标分析方法,很难评价其结构参数对模型时变特性的影响,为此提出一种力传感器动态校准方法.针对被校准力传感器的结构特征建立参数化数学模型,分析动态激励与结构响应之间的频域传递关系;利用最小二乘法对传递函数的频谱特性进行解析,实现模型参数的辨识;采用频率分析法建立传递函数的频域几何关系式,实现动...