斜入射滤光片的偏振相关损耗抑制技术

多腔窄带薄膜滤光片在倾斜入射时由于偏振光的中心波长会出现分离,会导致其偏振相关损耗迅速增加,严重影响光通信系统的性能.从理论上分析了斜入射时产生偏振相关损耗的原因,并提出了通过优化膜系的方法有效的实现了偏振光中心波长的对准,有效的降低了其通带内的偏振相关损耗.同时还提出了使用偏振分束器的方法,对单偏振光进行调制,在整个透射带内都实现了对偏振相关损耗的抑制.实验结果表明,两种消偏方式都能将窄带滤光片斜入射时的偏振相关损耗减小至0.2dB内,根据实际需要可以应用于不同的场合.     

一种低偏振可调谐光滤波器的优化设计

光通信系统要求可调谐光滤波器(TOF)隔离度高,偏振敏感性低,目前基于角度调谐滤光片技术的TOF很难满足这一要求.通过膜系仿真分析了此类TOF透射谱劣化的原因.针对不同偏振态的光束在倾斜入射时中心波长及带宽分离现象,提出一种对称反转光路对TOF透射谱进行优化,可在整个透射范围内(C波段)将TOF的隔离度提高到30dB以...     

纳米结构的倾斜角度沉积及性能优化

纳米材料发展的关键是纳米结构的制备、形貌调控和性能优化.倾斜角度沉积是以较大的角度(大于75°)倾斜入射沉积薄膜,通过控制沉积参数,得到具有特殊形貌纳米结构的方法,具有适用范围广,操作便捷,制备的薄膜面积大、纯度高、结构规整等特点,是一种理想的制备纳米材料的方法.本文介绍了采用倾斜角度沉积技术制备氧化铪抗反射薄膜和银基表面增强拉曼基底,详细分析了该方法的参数调控对纳米结构的形貌和性能的影响,并指出将倾斜角度沉积与其他先进技术相结合(以原子层沉积为例),可进一步优化纳米结构的性能,提高倾斜角度沉积的使用范围.     

一种窄带导模共振负滤光片的设计

由于弱调制光栅可以等效为平面波导,本文从平面波导的本征方程出发,导出垂直入射时弱调制光栅共振位置的表达式.分别以单层、双层膜系导模共振光栅结构为例,研究了光栅层厚度、周期、占空比对共振波长的影响.结合光学薄膜理论设计出一种窄带导模共振负滤光片.由于导模共振对入射波参数和光栅参数都极为敏感,具有窄带效应,用来制作窄带负滤波片非常可行.     

平行向列相液晶法-珀滤光片的光学特性分析

采用一种简单、稳定的方法-差分迭代法对平行向列相液晶在外电场作用下指向矢的空间分布进行了模拟计算.在此基础上,利用琼斯矩阵方法对平行向列相液晶法布里-珀罗滤光片的本征偏振态及光学特性进行了研究.结果表明,平行向列相液晶法布里-珀罗滤光片的共振模式是两组互相垂直的线性偏振态,且具有调谐范围宽,偏振敏感等特点.     

封面图片说明

正封面图片出自论文"纳米结构的倾斜角度沉积及性能优化".是清华大学材料学院张政军教授研究团队提供的倾斜角度沉积过程示意图及制备的不同形貌纳米棒状结构的电镜照片.倾斜角度沉积是指以较大的角度(大于75°)倾斜入射沉积薄膜,通过控制沉积束流与基底法线的夹角α和基底绕自身法线自转的速度ω,再根据沉积速率和具体材料的不同,可制备出具有特定形貌(如螺旋形、折线形纳米结构)及优异性能(如抗反射性能、表面增强拉曼性质)的纳米结构.它具有适用     

非对称光纤反射镜的可调谐光纤激光器

提出一种非对称窄带光纤环形反射镜结构的可调谐掺铒光纤激光器。980nm泵浦光对掺铒有源光纤进行抽运,高双折射光纤、偏振控制器（PC）和光纤耦合器构成窄带光纤反射镜,窄带光纤反射镜和普通光纤反射镜组成激光谐振腔,利用窄带光纤反射镜工作带宽纳米量级的特性得到单纵模激光。调整偏振控制器改变反射镜对不同波长的反射率,实现可变波长的激光输出。实验表明,该激光器的工作带宽为8nm,120mW泵浦光条件下最大输出功率为4mW,3dB带宽（脉冲的半高宽度）小于0．2nm,边模抑制比为20dB以上,在1527nm～1535nm的波长范围内观察到稳定激光输出。     

基于石墨烯的太赫兹可调谐宽带超材料吸收器

本文提出了一种太赫兹可调谐宽频段完美超材料吸收器,该吸收器由开缝金属图案层-石墨烯-聚酰亚胺介质-金属底板4层构成.通过调节石墨烯的费米能级,该结构可实现动态调谐带宽吸收特性.仿真研究发现,随着石墨烯费米能级由0.1 eV变为0.5 eV,吸收率高于90%的吸收带宽由1.93 THz～3.18 THz变为2.78～3.90 THz,低频移动范围为0.85 THz,高频移动范围为0.72 THz.而且,该吸收器具有偏振角和入射角不敏感的特性.本文提出的吸收器结构简单,在检测器、传感器、滤波器等太赫兹器件方面有潜在的应用.     

一种新型红外多组份气体传感器

针对红外多组份气体分析存在的问题,采用窄带红外滤光片、光锥、热释电探测器阵列组合技术,研制了一种新型多组份气敏传感器。通过更换滤光片组件功能模块,可实现不同测量领域不同种类气体的定量分析。该传感器具有结构新颖、简单可靠、成本低等特点。实验结果表明,SO2和CO2的最大相对测量误差分别为8.3%和1.2% 。     

基于相变材料GST的圆二色性可调谐外在手征超表面设计

本文提出了一种基于相变材料Ge₂Sb₂Te₅ (GST)的圆二色性可调谐外在手征超表面,该超表面由两层对称的银(Ag)方形开口谐振环和GST中间层单元周期排列而成。结合斜入射光线,该超表面能实现与手征结构相同的电磁特性。数值模拟结果表明：该超表面在50 THz～300 THz的频率范围内,GST为非晶态时,圆二色性(CD)值最大为0.85;GST为晶态时,CD值最大为0.52。当GST在两种相态(非晶态-晶态)之间切换时,实现了70 THz左右的频率调谐。通过研究电场分布,解释了圆二色性产生的原因;还研究了入射角和结构参数对该超表面圆二色性的影响。这项研究在光频段高效偏振调制器件、圆偏振器和偏振滤光器等方面有潜在的应用价值。     

可见光区一维光子晶体纳米膜偏振带通滤波器的设计

应用一维时域有限差分方法研究各种条件下一维二元光子晶体的偏振带通滤波特性,具体数值分析了掺杂层位置、厚度、电磁参数、入射角度四种因素对偏振滤波特性的影响.数值结果表明传统意义上的光学多层膜是一维二元光子晶体在光学厚度满足四分之一波长时的特例;可见光区的偏振滤波器的窄带滤波特性与掺杂层的位置有关,掺杂层在整个膜中间位置时偏振分离效果好,掺杂层的厚度与周期层厚度相差越大则分离效果越好,两组元折射率相差越大越易形成禁带,入射角越大禁带越窄,偏振的分离度越好.特别是P偏振局域模更多;在线度参数相同的情况下介质电磁参数对禁带有较大影响,禁带只有在两组元折射率相差越大才能形成,介质损耗同样是不可忽略的因素;光源的入射角对禁带有重大影响.本文的研究对光子器件的设计有一定的指导作用.     

Effects of a ferromagnetic metal stripe and a Schottky metal stripe on the electron transport in a nanostructure

In this paper, the spin-dependent electron transport in a two-dimensional electron gas (2DEG) modulated by a ferromagnetic (FM) metal stripe and a Schottky metal (SM) stripe is in detail studied. It is found that the position and the width of the SM stripe as well as the incident energy of electron play an important role on the spin polarization. It is also found that the spin polarization is obviously dependent on the electric-barrier height induced by an applied voltage to the SM stripe and such a device can be used as a voltage-tunable electron-spin filter.     

Comparison of antireflection surfaces based on two-dimensional binary gratings and thin-film coatings

A comparison of antireflection surfaces based on the two-dimensional binary gratings and thin-film coatings is presented. First, a two-dimensional hybrid binary grating is proposed and analyzed by use of a vector-based implementation of the rigorous coupled-wave analysis method. The optimum parameters of the structure are determined and the effects that changing them have on spectral characteristics of the structure are studied. Then this structure is compared with multilayer thin-film antireflection filters. These filters are designed by genetic algorithm and needle methods, which are powerful methods for multilayer filter design. The comparison results show that the sensitivity of the grating to changes in the incident wavelength is high. However, a reflectance of the order of 10(-3)% at the design wavelength can be achieved. The sensitivity of designed antireflection thin-film filters to wavelength changes is lower, however, and the minimum achievable reflectance is higher.     

Wavelength-division multiplexed thin-film filters used in tilted incident angles of light

The properties of wavelength-division multiplexed (WDM) narrowband filters used in tilted collimated light are described. The wavelength shift for s polarization in a low-index-spacer filter is larger than that for p polarization when the filter is tilted, but it is smaller in a high-index-spacer filter. Therefore the passbands of the tilted filter can be centered at the same wavelength for two polarization modes by use of high- and low-index materials, as appropriate, as spacers or by selection of a moderate-index material instead of a spacer. With such spacers, WDM filters used for incident angles of 20 degrees or even greater are constructed. Experimental results agree with the computed ones.     

Chiro-Optoelectronic Encodable Multilevel Thin Film Electronic Elements with Active Bio-Organic Electrolyte Layer

It is suggested that chiral photonic bio-enabled integrated thin-film electronic elements can pave the base for next-generation optoelectronic processing, including quantum coding for encryption as well as integrated multi-level logic circuits. Despite recent advances, thin-film electronics for encryption applications with large-scale reconfigurable and multi-valued logic systems are not reported to date. Herein, highly secure optoelectronic encryption logic elements are demonstrated by facilitating the humidity-sensitive helicoidal organization of chiral nematic phases of cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) as an active electrolyte layer combined with printed organic semiconducting channels. The ionic-strength controlled tunable photonic band gap facilitates distinguishable and quantized 13-bit electric signals triggered by repetitive changes of humidity, voltage, and the polarization state of the incident light. As a proof-of-concept, the integrated circuits responding to circularly polarized light and humidity are demonstrated as unique physically unclonable functional devices with high-level logic rarely achieved. The convergence between functional nanomaterials and the multi-valued logic thin-film electronic elements can provide optoelectronic counterfeiting, imaging, and information processing with multilevel logic nodes.     

Dependence of the tracking performance of an optical disk on the direction of the incident-light polarization

In optical-disk data-storage systems, the signal that provides tracking information is dependent on the groove shape, the optical constants of the materials involved, and the polarization state of the incident light. In this paper, we show that the tracking signal can be described by two measurable quantities, both of which are largely independent of aberrations in the optical system. Using these two quantities, we match the tracking performance of a given disk to an equivalent disk having rectangular grooves-the adjustable parameters being the rectangular groove depth and the duty cycle. By assumption, these rectangular grooves modulate only the phase of the incident beam and disregard its state of polarization. The effective groove depth and the duty cycle thus become dependent on the polarization state of the incident beam. We examine these dependences for various disks having different groove geometries and different combinations of materials.     

Fabrication of large-area patterned nanostructures for optical applications by nanoskiving

Cost-effective and convenient methods for fabrication of patterned metallic nanostructures over the large (mm2) areas required for applications in photonics are much needed. In this paper, we demonstrate the fabrication of arrays of closed and open, loop-shaped nanostructures by a technique (nanoskiving) that combines thin-film deposition by metal evaporation with thin-film sectioning. These arrays of metallic structures serve as frequency-selective surfaces at mid-infrared wavelengths. Experiments with structures prepared using this technique demonstrate that a closed-looped structure has a single dominant resonance regardless of the polarization of the incident light, while open structures have resonances that are anisotropic with respect to the polarization of the electric field. Finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) simulations reproduce the scattering spectra of these frequency-selective surfaces, provide an explanation of the wavelength of the experimentally observed resonances, and rationalize their polarization dependence based on the patterns of current induced in the nanostructures.     

Diffraction of horizontally polarized ultrasonic plane waves on a periodically corrugated solid-liquid interface for normal incidence and Brewster angle incidence

The theory, and the use at normal incidence, of shear-vertically polarized waves (with polarization vector in the plane containing the incident wave vector and the normal on the interface) using the mode conversion method has been tackled by others. Here we develop the theory for shear-horizontally polarized incident waves (with polarization vector perpendicular to both the normal on the interface and the incoming wave vector). We take into account normal incidence as well as oblique incidence. For normal incidence, we discover the generation of Love waves. If oblique incidence is considered, we discover the existence of a Brewster angle of incidence, comparable with the Brewster angle in optics, in which a diffraction grating can be used as a polarization filter.     

Nonpolarizing guided-mode resonant grating filter for oblique incidence

A new type of guided-mode resonant grating filter is described. The filter is independent of polarization state for oblique incidence. The filter has a crossed grating structure, and the plane of incidence on the filter contains the symmetric axis of the grating structure. Theoretical considerations and numerical calculations using two-dimensional rigorous coupled-wave analysis show that a rhombic lattice structure is suitable to such filters. In this configuration an incident light wave is diffracted into the waveguide and is divided into two propagation modes whose directions are symmetric with respect to the plane of incidence. In particular, when the propagation directions of the two modes are perpendicular to each other, the fill factor of grating structure can be approximately 50%. The filter was designed for an incident angle of 45 degrees. Tolerances of setting errors and fabrication errors for this filter were estimated by numerical calculations.