论大学阶段的英语语音教学

大学阶段的语音教学应使学生掌握和恰当地运用超音段音位即重音、节奏和语调等来进行朗读和交流 ,更重要的是通过对语音的学习来带动听力、口语、语法、阅读以及跨文化交际等其他能力的发展 ,以促进英语综合水平的提高 ,并针对语音错误的原因有的放矢地进行教学     

耳语音的语音处理研究综述

耳语音是人们在公众场合常使用的一种语言交流方式,初期对耳语音的研究主要为了语音基础研究和医学工作的需要。随着科技的发展,关于耳语的研究也从声学理论研究走向实际应用的研究。文章首先介绍了耳语音的生理、声学和感知特性,指出耳语音与正常音的发声生理差异导致了声学特性的差异,随后归纳了近年来各种耳语音特征参数分析和提取方法,在此基础上综述了国内外在耳语音应用研究方面的成果,最后,总结了耳语音各研究领域的发展趋势,并进行了展望。     

浅析意大利歌曲中的发音难点

歌唱作为一种音乐形式,不同与其他形式的情感表达,词配上乐曲,就要求演唱者掌握声音技巧的同时,无论是演唱本国的还是外国的一定要注重歌词发音的准确性,很多学生在演唱意大利歌曲时,因受到汉语发音方法的影响,在学习中确实遇到了很大的困难。本文通过对声乐学习者演唱当中常见的语音方面的问题的分析,对意大利语的发音特点进行了简要的介绍同时,提出了一些解决方法。     

应用DTW的语音(声纹)鉴别技术研究

研究了将语音识别中的DTW（DynamicTimeWarping，动态时间规整）算法用于声纹鉴别的技术。通过引入“样本域”的概念，由所给的有限个样本建立最大相似于样本点的样本域，计算被测样本的相似度。该算法提高了语音鉴别（区分不同发音者）的效率。有限人数的实验结果显示该算法辨伪率为98．75％（400人次），识别率81-93％（80人次）。     

语音唤醒词的结构及发音偏好的研究

目的 探索语音交互唤醒词的结构及发音设计,为优化语音交互体验提供参考依据。方法 实验一采用对偶比较法对语音唤醒词结构的偏好进行了量化分析,实验二采用完全被试内设计对声调、声母类型、韵母类型开展了唤醒词发音偏好的研究。结果 实验一发现,在唤醒结构上“招呼语+名称”的结构偏好度更佳,对“名称+名称”或“名称+同学”的唤醒结构偏好度不佳。语言使用上,被试更偏好同种语言的唤醒词而非中英文混合结构。实验二发现,在发音偏好上被试对阴平和去声有明显的偏好,最不偏好上声,被试主观上偏爱开口呼韵母和齐齿呼韵母且不偏好负面情绪指向明显、称谓词、涉及敏感词汇、接近拟声或语气词的发音。结论 唤醒词结构上,语种以同种语言为宜,中文唤醒词以“招呼语+名称”的结构更佳。发音偏好上,声调尽量使用阴平和去声,韵母多使用开口呼韵母和齐齿呼韵母,避免消极意向的发音。     

基于后验概率的汉语语音检索方法研究

针对经典的向量空间检索模型直接用于基于音节lattice形式的汉语语音检索存在无法有效区分lattice中包含的正确音节识别候选和错误的识别候选以及不能充分利用lattice中所蕴含的各层级信息的不足,提出了一种基于语音文档邻接音节后验概率矩阵的检索方法.该方法以该矩阵作为文档索引,并计算查询请求被包含在语音文档中的后验概率,并以此来度量查询请求和语音文档间的相关度.后验概率作为可靠的置信测度能够有效区分正确和错误的音节候选,在lattice中后验概率的计算能够充分地利用语音识别结果中的多层级的信息.语音检索实验表明,与基于向量空间模型的检索方法相比,该方法的检索性能有显著提高,是一种适用于汉语语音检索的有效方法.     

耳语音情感数据库的设计与建立

为了研究耳语音情感识别,制定了耳语音情感数据库的制作流程和制作规范,设计并建立了一个包含4000个单词、5000条语句和600个段落的耳语音情感数据库。利用模糊数学中的隶属度函数和层次分析法对语句的有效性进行了检验,得到一个满足研究要求的耳语音情感数据库。利用库中的语料进行初步的耳语音情感识别,得知正常音语音情感识别所用的音长、能量等参数,在耳语音中仍然可以使用;而正常音的其它涉及基音的一些参数,不适用于耳语音,需要进行改进或者提取新的特征参数。     

高频语抗噪声通讯系统的研究

详细叙述了高频语抗噪声通讯系统工作原理和研制思想。实验结果证明，该语音系统具有较强的抗噪声功能。高频语声级85、90、95dB(A)，分别对应环境噪声95、100、105dB(A)，语音可懂度达90％以上；高频语声级90dB(A)，舰船主机噪声105dB(A)的现场试验，结果也达到90％。实验显示，噪声环境下使用高频语通讯，佩戴耳塞的效果优于裸耳。该系统在语音信号、环境噪声比为-10至-15dB时语音可懂度达90％以上，突破了传统的语言传递遵循部位机理的信号环境噪声比必须为 5dB的论点。     

语音增强算法综述

噪声降低了语音的信噪比和可憧度，严重时会使语音处理系统无法正常工作．对带噪语音信号进行语音增强处理，是一个亟待解决的课题．本文对目前主要几种语音增强算法做了分析研究，结果表明各种方法都有不足，在实际应用中应根据具体环境和系统要求，结合各种算法以达到语音增强的最佳效果．     

实用语音情感数据库的设计与研究

针对实用语音情感研究的需要,设计并且建立了诱发语音情感数据库。根据刺激评估表,设计了一种基于计算机游戏的情感诱发方式,首次针对汉语音的实用语音情感进行了情感数据的采集和情感语音库的建立。对烦躁、紧张和喜悦等三种具有实际应用意义的语音情感进行了有效的诱发,录制了情感语音数据,并进行了数据的检验与听辩测试。结果显示,采用计算机游戏诱发情感的方法能够有效地采集自然度较高的实用语音情感数据,为实用语音情感的特征分析与识别提供了必要的研究基础。     

Insertion of triangulated surfaces into a meccano tetrahedral discretization by means of mesh refinement and optimization procedures

In this paper, we present a new method for inserting several triangulated surfaces into an existing tetrahedral mesh generated by the meccano method. The result is a conformal mesh where each inserted surface is approximated by a set of faces of the final tetrahedral mesh. First, the tetrahedral mesh is refined around the inserted surfaces to capture their geometric features. Second, each immersed surface is approximated by a set of faces from the tetrahedral mesh. Third, following a novel approach, the nodes of the approximated surfaces are mapped to the corresponding immersed surface. Fourth, we untangle and smooth the mesh by optimizing a regularized shape distortion measure for tetrahedral elements in which we move all the nodes of the mesh, restricting the movement of the edge and surface nodes along the corresponding entity they belong to. The refining process allows approximating the immersed surface for any initial meccano tetrahedral mesh. Moreover, the proposed projection method avoids computational expensive geometric projections. Finally, the applied simultaneous untangling and smoothing process delivers a high‐quality mesh and ensures that the immersed surfaces are interpolated. Several examples are presented to assess the properties of the proposed method.     

Certification Institutions Expected to Update and Transfer Information on Present Standards

Standards are the basis for production enterprises to organize production, ex-factory inspection, trade (delivery) and technical exchanges, product certification, quality arbitration and supervision.……     

Flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases

A flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases is presented. A better knowledge of the properties of the liquefied natural gas is needed, and therefore a liquid loop has been designed for our flow calorimeter. The fluid loop in the calorimeter is designed in order to avoid the two-phase region, since two phases would give compositional disturbances in the measurements. The avoidance of the two-phase region is made possible by increasing the pressure of the test fluid after the measurement section, then heating the fluid at super-critical pressure past the critical point. Finally, the fluid is throttled to the low-pressure gas state at the inlet condition of the compressor that circulates the fluid. To perform the pressure increase, a new cryogenic pump has been designed. To evaluate the new equipment, measurements were taken on liquid ethane over the temperature range 146–256 K at pressure between 0.9 and 5.1 MPa.     

Refrigerators Enter a New Era of Health Preservation Frestech initiates the establishment of China's first standard for household sterilization refrigerators

On November 30, 2007, the China Association for Standardization (CAS) held a press conference at Beijing Diaoyutai State Guest House. Leaders from the China Household Electric Appliance Research Institute, the China Household Electric Appliance Association, and the China Consumers' Association attended and made speeches.……     

Optimum-Simulation von Ernteprozessen

Zusammenfassung Bei der Gestaltung von Ernteprozessen — beispielsweise des Prozesses Mähdrusch, Körnertransport und -abnahme — als transportverbundene Fließarbeitsverfahren mit mindestens zwei verschiedenen Arbeitsmitteln gibt es einen großen Optimierungsspielraum. Solche Prozesse sind mehrstufige Bedienungsprozesse mit gemischter Anordnung der Bedienungseinrichtungen. Außerdem besitzen sie stark ausgeprägte räumliche Aspekte. Es wird vor allem gezeigt, welche Merkmale solcher Prozesse in Simulationsmodellen abgebildet sein müssen, welche Zielgrößen in Abhängigkeit von welchen Einflußgrößen unter Berücksichtigung welcher Prozeßbedingungen ermittelt werden sollten und wie der Bewertungsprozeß zur Ermittlung der gewünschten Informationen gestaltet werden muß.     

A study of centrifugal cast high boron high speed steel

In the present study a high‐boron high speed steel (HSS) roll material was designed. Many expensive alloy elements have been substituted by cheap boron alloy, and high‐boron high speed steel roll has been manufactured by centrifugal casting method. The microstructures, mechanical properties and wear resistance of centrifugal casting high‐boron high speed steel roll have been investigated by optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X‐ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, hardness test, impact test and wear test. The results indicated that the solidification microstructures of high‐boron high speed steel roll consisted of M₂(B,C), (W,Mo)₂(B,C), M₃(B,C), M₂₃(B,C)₆ type borocarbides and martensite, a small amount of retained austenite. Borocarbides were continuously distributed over the grain boundary. After quenching from 1050 °C, local broken network appeared in partial borocarbides, and fine secondary borocarbide precipitated from the matrix. After tempering from 525 °C, the amount of precipitated borocarbide increased significantly. After heat treatment, the hardness of high‐boron high speed steel roll excelled 60 HRC, and its impact toughness excelled 8.0 J/cm². The single groove steel rolling amount of high‐boron high speed steel rolls increases by 500% than that of bainite cast iron roll, when the rolls are used in K₁ mill housing of bar mill.     

Thixotropy of Systems with Shear Thinning and Plastic Flow Behavior

The definition of the thixotropy is a decrease in viscosity with time in shear and a subsequent recovery of viscosity after the shear deformation is removed.We ...     

Effect of Oxide Assisted Metal Nanoparticles on Microstructure and Morphology of Gallium oxide Nanowires

Several researches have been reported about the characteristic of β-Ga2O3 nanowires which was synthesized on nickel oxide particle. But indeed, recent researches about synthesis of β-Ga2O3 nanowires on oxide-assisted transition metal are limited to nickel or cobalt oxide catalyst. In this work, Gallium oxide (β-Ga2O3 ) nanowires were synthesized by a simple thermal evaporation method from gallium powder in the range of 700 - 1000℃ using the iron, nickel, copper, cobalt and zinc oxide as a catalyst, respectively. The β-Ga2O3 nanowires with single crystalline without defects were successfully synthesized at the reaction temperature of 850, 900 and 950℃ in all the catalysts. But optimum experimental condition in synthesis of nanowires varied with the kind of catalyst. As increasing synthesis temperature,the morphology of gallium oxide nanowires changed from nanowires to nanorods, and its diameter increased. From these results, we could be proposed that the growth mechanism of β-Ga2O3 nanowires was changed with synthesis temperature of nanowires. Microstructure and morphology of Synthesized nanowire was characterized by HR-TEM, FE-SEM, EDX and XRD.     

Brainstorming for ISO Strategy 2016-2020

正Responding to ISO’s appeal for survey for the to-be-developed ISO Strategy Plan for 2016-2020,SAC hosted a special workshop over the needs and comments of various fi elds on June 8 in Beijing.The workshop was attended by ISO President-elect and Ansteel General Manager Zhang Xiaogang,SAC Vice-Administrator Yu Xinli,and 30 experts from