金/银合金纳米颗粒的制备及光学吸收特性

以柠檬酸盐为还原剂,通过共还原氯金酸和硝酸银的混合溶液制备出Au／Ag合金纳米颗粒,用透射电子显微镜（TEM）对颗粒的形貌和尺寸进行了表征。300-800nm范围的吸收光谱研究发现,Au／Ag合金纳米颗粒具有单峰等离子体吸收特征,且随着反应液中氯化金和硝酸银的摩尔比的减少,吸收峰将产生蓝移。实验结果表明,Au-Ag合金纳米颗粒的光学吸收特性具有组分可裁剪性,使其在纳米尺度的光学领域具有潜在的应用价值。     

反应磁控溅射制备Ag/TiO_2复合薄膜及其银离子释放速率研究

采用反应磁控溅射法制备Ag/TiO_2复合薄膜,利用X射线衍射、扫描电镜、透射电镜、X射线光电能谱和原子吸收光谱分析了不同实验参数对复合薄膜形貌和银离子溶解释放规律。研究结果表明随着氧气流量的加大,银纳米颗粒在薄膜体相和表面的团聚和不规则分布增加;表面缓冲层对银纳米颗粒的表面偏析现象和银离子释放速率的抑制作用有限;复合薄膜中银元素的含量则对薄膜形貌和银离子释放速率有较大影响,银含量越少,银离子释放速率越慢。综合性能分析认为在复合薄膜中银含量为9%时,银纳米颗粒在薄膜内的粒径分布较为均匀,银离子释放速率也最为缓慢。     

硝酸银含量对Au@Ag_2S@ZnS双壳核壳结构的形成及其光学性能影响的研究

采用化学还原法先制备了表面吸附有十六烷基三甲基溴化铵的金纳米颗粒,然后以金纳米颗粒为籽晶,采用二乙基二硫代氨基甲酸锌和硝酸银分别作为锌源和银源,通过水热反应法制备出了Au@Ag2S@Zn S双壳核壳结构。XRD分析表明样品中含有立方相的Au、单斜相的Ag2S与六方相的Zn S。UV-Vis谱揭示样品的等离子体共振峰位可以通过改变硝酸银的加入量而控制。SEM和TEM图像显示样品呈球形且壳层由许多小的纳米颗粒聚集而成,Zn S壳层为多晶。由光致发光谱分析得知,随着硝酸银量的增加,主发光峰先是红移,然后峰位不变且强度减弱。这一光致发光现象一方面可能与反应过程中部分银离子掺入Zn S纳米壳层有关;另一方面可能源于Ag2S中间层厚度的增加导致Zn S与Au的间距增加,从而导致Au对Zn S的等离子增强效果减弱。     

纳米尺度PS/Ag核壳结构复合球的制备与表征

采用分步法制备了聚苯乙烯/银(PS/Ag)核壳结构复合纳米球。首先采用无皂乳液聚合法并利用丙烯酸(AA)的羧基对制备的PS球进行改性,使其表面带负电荷;然后通过静电吸附作用在改性PS球的表面沉积[Ag(NH3)2]+,水浴(80℃)环境中利用十二烷基磺酸钠(SDS)作为还原剂将PS球表面的[Ag(NH3)2]+还原,制备出PS/Ag核壳结构复合球。通过动态激光粒度分析仪和透射电子显微镜对PS/Ag核壳纳米球的粒度分布、形貌和结构进行了表征,研究了AA的用量对复合球粒径及包覆的Ag壳厚度的影响。结果表明,随着AA用量的增大,所包覆的银层更加致密,厚度增大,当AA用量为15%时可得到Ag完全包覆的PS/Ag复合纳米球。     

Au@SiO2@LaF3：Eu纳米核壳结构的制备及其发光性能

本文利用化学法合成了Au纳米颗粒、Au@SiO2、以及Au@SiO2@LaF3：Eu的纳米核壳结构,并利用透射电镜、紫外可见吸收谱以及荧光光谱对它们的形貌、吸收和发光性能进行了表征。研究表明：通过控制柠檬酸和氯金酸以及正硅酸乙酯和氨水比例可以对Au纳米颗粒的尺寸以及SiO2层的厚度分别进行调控。当Au纳米颗粒的尺寸和SiO2层厚度增加时,Au表面等离子体共振吸收峰发生红移。在Au@SiO2@LaF3：Eu纳米核壳结构中,Au表面等离子体共振对LaF3：Eu纳米颗粒的发光产生减弱作用。另外,Eu掺杂浓度对Au@SiO2@LaF3：Eu纳米核壳结构的5D0→7F2和5D0→7F1跃迁强度比有很大的影响。     

奥斯瓦尔德熟化机制对Ag/TiO_2复合薄膜中银离子释放速率的影响

采用反应磁控共溅射法制备Ag/TiO_2复合薄膜。利用扫描电镜、透射电镜、X射线光电能谱和原子吸收光谱分析比较了致密/多孔两种Ag/TiO_2复合薄膜表面形貌和银离子释放速率。结果表明:形貌致密的Ag/TiO_2复合薄膜表面展现出明显的Ag纳米颗粒的奥斯瓦尔德熟化过程,银离子释放速率极为缓慢(7天后有6.8%的银离子释放);而多孔复合薄膜表面没有呈现出明显的奥斯瓦尔德熟化过程,银离子释放速率较为迅速(一周内有38%的银离子释放)。     

SiO_2@Ag@Au复合颗粒的制备与表征

SiO2-金属核壳结构的粒子作为一种复合材料具有广泛的应用前景,其所含金属为贵金属时,其复合颗粒更加受到各界青睐。通过化学镀法在纳米级SiO2表面镀上了均匀厚度的Ag、Au双金属层,成功制备出了SiO2@Ag@Au核壳结构的复合颗粒。并着重研究了活化工艺、还原剂滴加速度、镀液浓度对SiO2表层化学镀的影响,同时对复合颗粒进行了SEM、XRD、EDS表征。     

Ag-TiO_2纳米悬浮液的制备及其导热性与黏性

为了提高TiO_2纳米流体的导热性能,将Ag纳米颗粒与TiO_2纳米颗粒混合,利用两步法制备出不同银钛物质的量比的Ag-TiO_2纳米悬浮液,并研究其导热性能与黏性。采用X射线衍射仪和扫描电子显微镜表征Ag-TiO_2纳米颗粒晶型和形貌;通过沉降法、激光粒度分析和吸光度测量法探究Ag-TiO_2纳米悬浮液的稳定性。结果表明:Ag纳米颗粒含量低有利于Ag-TiO_2纳米悬浮液稳定;质量分数为0. 3%的银钛物质的量的比为1∶6、1∶4、1∶2的Ag-TiO_2悬浮液,导热系数在常温下比TiO_2悬浮液导热系数分别增加了0. 83%、1. 66%、2. 33%,而黏度与基液水相比分别增加了37. 5%、27. 5%、22. 5%;银钛物质的量比为1∶2的Ag-TiO_2纳米悬浮液导热系数高于银钛物质的量比为1∶6和1∶4悬浮液的,而其黏度却低于银钛物质的量比为1∶6和1∶4悬浮液的。     

电沉积Ag/纳米金刚石复合镀层及其性能

采用复合电沉积制备了Ag/纳米金刚石复合镀层,研究了沉积条件对镀层组成的影响,所得最佳沉积条件为阴极电流密度jk=8mA/cm2、搅拌速度n=400r/min和镀液中纳米金刚石粉体浓度为10g/L。采用扫描电镜(SEM)、X射线衍射(XRD)和能谱分析(EDS)表征了Ag/纳米金刚石复合镀层的表面形貌、组成和结构。结果表明,复合镀层具有复相结构,金刚石颗粒在镀层中分布较均匀,质量含量最高达到9wt%。显微硬度和电阻测试表明,随着Ag/纳米金刚石复合镀层中金刚石含量增加,复合镀层显微硬度显著增大;电阻率呈增加趋势。在5.0wt%Na2SO4溶液的Tafel实验说明,Ag/纳米金刚石复合镀层比Ag镀层具有更好的耐腐蚀能力。Ag/纳米金刚石复合镀层具有较好的结合力,外观呈亚光银。     

Ag/TiO2纳米管阵列等离子体光催化剂的制备及性能研究

以阳极氧化法制备的二氧化钛(TiO_2)纳米管阵列为基底,利用化学还原法制备了不同银(Ag)含量的Ag/TiO_2复合薄膜,并对其进行表征。结果表明,化学还原法有利于Ag纳米颗粒在TiO_2纳米管上的均匀分布,Ag能产生表面等离子体共振吸收,有效增强TiO_2纳米管阵列对可见光的吸收能力,Ag的修饰大幅度提高了TiO_2纳米管阵列对气相苯的光催化降解活性,在光催化反应80min条件下,Ag含量为2%(wt,质量分数)制得的Ag/TiO_2复合薄膜光催化活性最佳,对气相苯的降解率达到97%。     

Insertion of triangulated surfaces into a meccano tetrahedral discretization by means of mesh refinement and optimization procedures

In this paper, we present a new method for inserting several triangulated surfaces into an existing tetrahedral mesh generated by the meccano method. The result is a conformal mesh where each inserted surface is approximated by a set of faces of the final tetrahedral mesh. First, the tetrahedral mesh is refined around the inserted surfaces to capture their geometric features. Second, each immersed surface is approximated by a set of faces from the tetrahedral mesh. Third, following a novel approach, the nodes of the approximated surfaces are mapped to the corresponding immersed surface. Fourth, we untangle and smooth the mesh by optimizing a regularized shape distortion measure for tetrahedral elements in which we move all the nodes of the mesh, restricting the movement of the edge and surface nodes along the corresponding entity they belong to. The refining process allows approximating the immersed surface for any initial meccano tetrahedral mesh. Moreover, the proposed projection method avoids computational expensive geometric projections. Finally, the applied simultaneous untangling and smoothing process delivers a high‐quality mesh and ensures that the immersed surfaces are interpolated. Several examples are presented to assess the properties of the proposed method.     

Certification Institutions Expected to Update and Transfer Information on Present Standards

Standards are the basis for production enterprises to organize production, ex-factory inspection, trade (delivery) and technical exchanges, product certification, quality arbitration and supervision.……     

From Industry 4.0 to Research 4.0. Development of High Performance Fibers in the Light of Digitization

We associate a variety of innovations with the term ＂Industry 4.0＂. The pioneer of many 4.0 modifications forms the basisfor the trend towards the integrated di...     

Flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases

A flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases is presented. A better knowledge of the properties of the liquefied natural gas is needed, and therefore a liquid loop has been designed for our flow calorimeter. The fluid loop in the calorimeter is designed in order to avoid the two-phase region, since two phases would give compositional disturbances in the measurements. The avoidance of the two-phase region is made possible by increasing the pressure of the test fluid after the measurement section, then heating the fluid at super-critical pressure past the critical point. Finally, the fluid is throttled to the low-pressure gas state at the inlet condition of the compressor that circulates the fluid. To perform the pressure increase, a new cryogenic pump has been designed. To evaluate the new equipment, measurements were taken on liquid ethane over the temperature range 146–256 K at pressure between 0.9 and 5.1 MPa.     

Refrigerators Enter a New Era of Health Preservation Frestech initiates the establishment of China's first standard for household sterilization refrigerators

On November 30, 2007, the China Association for Standardization (CAS) held a press conference at Beijing Diaoyutai State Guest House. Leaders from the China Household Electric Appliance Research Institute, the China Household Electric Appliance Association, and the China Consumers' Association attended and made speeches.……     

Roman iron and steel: A review

ABSTRACT

The production of ferrous metal increased during the Roman Late Republican period, Principate and Empire. The direct bloomery process was used to extract the metal from its ores using slag-tapping and slag-pit furnaces. The fuel was charcoal and an air blast was introduced by bellows-operated tuyères. Iron formed as a bloom, often as a spongy mass of metal, which contained impurities from the smelting process, including unreacted ore, fuel, slag and fragments from the furnace walls, while the metal was often inhomogeneous with varied carbon contents. Blooms were either smithed directly into bars or ingots or they were broken up, which also allowed the removal of gross impurities and a selection of pieces with similar properties to be made. These could then be forge-welded together and formed into characteristically shaped ingots. Making steel in the furnace seems to have been achieved: it depended on the ore and the furnace and conditions within it. Surface carburization was also carried out. Iron and steel were used extensively in construction and for tools and weapons. Fire welding was often used to add pieces of steel to make the edges of tools and weapons, which could be heat-treated by quenching to harden them.     

Optimum-Simulation von Ernteprozessen

Zusammenfassung Bei der Gestaltung von Ernteprozessen — beispielsweise des Prozesses Mähdrusch, Körnertransport und -abnahme — als transportverbundene Fließarbeitsverfahren mit mindestens zwei verschiedenen Arbeitsmitteln gibt es einen großen Optimierungsspielraum. Solche Prozesse sind mehrstufige Bedienungsprozesse mit gemischter Anordnung der Bedienungseinrichtungen. Außerdem besitzen sie stark ausgeprägte räumliche Aspekte. Es wird vor allem gezeigt, welche Merkmale solcher Prozesse in Simulationsmodellen abgebildet sein müssen, welche Zielgrößen in Abhängigkeit von welchen Einflußgrößen unter Berücksichtigung welcher Prozeßbedingungen ermittelt werden sollten und wie der Bewertungsprozeß zur Ermittlung der gewünschten Informationen gestaltet werden muß.     

A study of centrifugal cast high boron high speed steel

In the present study a high‐boron high speed steel (HSS) roll material was designed. Many expensive alloy elements have been substituted by cheap boron alloy, and high‐boron high speed steel roll has been manufactured by centrifugal casting method. The microstructures, mechanical properties and wear resistance of centrifugal casting high‐boron high speed steel roll have been investigated by optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X‐ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, hardness test, impact test and wear test. The results indicated that the solidification microstructures of high‐boron high speed steel roll consisted of M₂(B,C), (W,Mo)₂(B,C), M₃(B,C), M₂₃(B,C)₆ type borocarbides and martensite, a small amount of retained austenite. Borocarbides were continuously distributed over the grain boundary. After quenching from 1050 °C, local broken network appeared in partial borocarbides, and fine secondary borocarbide precipitated from the matrix. After tempering from 525 °C, the amount of precipitated borocarbide increased significantly. After heat treatment, the hardness of high‐boron high speed steel roll excelled 60 HRC, and its impact toughness excelled 8.0 J/cm². The single groove steel rolling amount of high‐boron high speed steel rolls increases by 500% than that of bainite cast iron roll, when the rolls are used in K₁ mill housing of bar mill.     

Brainstorming for ISO Strategy 2016-2020

正Responding to ISO’s appeal for survey for the to-be-developed ISO Strategy Plan for 2016-2020,SAC hosted a special workshop over the needs and comments of various fi elds on June 8 in Beijing.The workshop was attended by ISO President-elect and Ansteel General Manager Zhang Xiaogang,SAC Vice-Administrator Yu Xinli,and 30 experts from