高效吸附分离功能纤维及其应用

本文主要介绍几类吸附功能纤维,包括活性碳纤维,离子交换纤维,螯合纤维和氧化还原功能纤维等的研究进展。这类新型的高效吸附分离材料具有很大的比表面中丰富的表面官能团;显示出高的吸附容量,快的吸附或脱附速度和一定的吸附选择性;可制成束,纸,布,毡及无纺布等多种形式;某有附功能纤维具有氧化还原能力。     

活性炭纤维的氧化还原特性及其应用前景

六十年代以来，活性炭纤维由于其优异的吸附性能而引起了科学家们的重视。近年来，人们发现活性炭纤维不仅吸附性能优异，而且还原能力良好，因此，它能够吸附大量高电位的离子，并继之将其还原成为单质金属或低氧化态离子。这种吸附－还原性能在贵重金属的富集、回收和分离，以及有害气体或溶液的处理等领域有良好的应用前景     

新型功能纤维的研制及其对贵金属的回收

活性碳纤维是一种高效吸附新型功能材料,具有巨大的比表面积、均匀的微孔和丰富的表面基团,以及大的吸附容量和吸附速率,已被广泛应用于气体净化、废水处理中。我们于70年代率先在国内开展了活性碳纤维的研究,80年代首先发现了其氧化还原特性,开拓了活性碳纤维提取贵金属方面的应用。活性碳纤维吸附提取贵金属具有可以吸附很低浓度的金银离子、选择性高、其它金属离子影响小、环境污染小等优点,有广泛的应用前景。 本项目在原有工作基础上研制开发新型活性碳纤维,探索提高这些新型功能纤维还原能力、实现功能纤维还原提取回收金     

含偕胺肟基聚丙烯腈系螯合纤维吸附金的研究

本文研究了含偕胺肟基聚丙烯腈系螯合纤维对于三价 Au 离子的吸附行为。结果表明,上述螯合纤维不仅对三价 Au 离子具有相当高的吸附容量,而且还能将所吸附到的 Au 离子还原成金属态的 Au;在氧化还原过程中,偕胺肟基被氧化成羧酸基。     

分离功能高分子材料及其应用

本文介绍了离子交换树脂、螯合树脂、吸附树脂、手性配体树脂、共价亲和层析树脂及氧化还原树脂等功能高分子材料在物质分离方面的应用。     

活性炭纤维对铂(Ⅳ)的还原吸附及其影响因素的研究

载铂活性炭纤维在燃料电池催化材料的制备等方面具有重要的应用前景.本文比较了水蒸汽活化和磷酸或氯化锌活化活性炭纤维对水溶液中铂离子的还原吸附性能,并研究了影响活性炭纤维对铂的还原吸附的几种因素.结果表明,不同工艺制备的活性炭纤维,由于其电极电位的差异,其对铂离子的吸附容量也不同;水蒸汽活化和氯化锌活化活性炭纤维由于具有低的电极电位,因而表现出对铂离子更大的还原倾向,在吸附的初期,表现出更快的吸附速度.纤维状的活性炭纤维比颗粒状的活性炭具有更快的吸附速度.溶液的酸度也显著影响活性炭纤维对铂离子的还原吸附能力;低的pH下,活性炭纤维对铂一般具有更强的还原吸附容量.     

静电纺丝纳米纤维在吸附分离领域的应用进展

静电纺丝技术作为一种简单有效的制备纳米纤维的方法,制备的纳米纤维具有巨大的比表面积,而且采用该技术制备纳米纤维具有操作简单、易于控制、成本低廉等特点,已经在生物医学领域、国防领域、吸附分离领域等取得了一系列应用进展。本文首先对静电纺丝技术做了概述;其次,对其制备原理、影响因素及应用优势等做了简要的说明;然后重点综述了静电纺丝制得的纳米纤维在吸附分离领域的应用进展,总结了静电纺丝纳米纤维存在的问题并对其在吸附分离领域的应用趋势做出了展望。     

活性炭纤维对贵金属的吸附

活性炭纤维（ACF）具有优越的氧化还原吸附特性，通过创麻基活性炭纤维（水蒸气活化和磷酸化学活化）与硝酸银溶液反应而将银引入纤维中，X射线衍射分析表明ACF上负载的都是纳米银热处理可使它们的畸变减小且在高于150℃时才长大此外，用其它基体的ACF也可还原吸附贵金属离子（Au+、Pt4+、Pd2＋），并得到晶体生长有取向的纳先资金属粒子复合的活性炭纤维     

载贵金属活性碳纤维对氙吸附性能的研究

利用活性炭纤维的氧化还原特性,在活性炭纤维上负载了一定量的贵金属银或金。表征了负载贵金属后活性炭纤维的孔结构变化,以及活性炭纤维表面贵金属颗粒的分布和表面化学性质。研究并比较了负载贵金属后活性炭纤维对氙的吸附性能。研究结果表明,在活性炭纤维上负载适量的贵金属银或金,可以显著地提高活性炭纤维对氙的吸附容量,其可能的原因是由于这些贵金属对活性炭纤维孔宽和表面化学性质的修饰,以及提高了活性炭纤维对氙的吸附势。     

静电纺介孔氧化硅基纳米纤维的研究进展

介孔氧化硅是最为典型的介孔材料,其具有比表面积高、孔径均一、易于表面修饰等优异特性,广泛应用于吸附分离、催化、传感以及物质负载与缓释等领域。关于粉体和薄膜形态的介孔氧化硅已有大量报道,但纤维形态,特别是连续纤维形态的介孔氧化硅材料的制备仍然是一项挑战。近年来随着静电纺技术的发展,连续纤维形貌的介孔氧化硅材料的制备取得了重要进展。根据纤维介孔结构的有序度和介孔结构引入方式的不同,对静电纺介孔氧化硅基纳米纤维进行详细的介绍。     

PPS基强酸离子交换纤维的制备及对Cr(Ⅲ)的吸附性能

通过聚苯硫醚(PPS)纤维的烷基化交联与磺化反应制得一种强酸离子交换纤维新材料。以此为基础,利用元素分析、红外光谱、原子吸收及化学滴定等手段对其物理化学结构与性能进行分析和表征,考察不同因素对交联与磺化反应的影响及纤维对水溶液中Cr(Ⅲ)的吸附、解吸与再生性能。研究表明,适度交联可有效提高离子交换纤维的化学稳定性,由此制得的PPS基强酸纤维交换容量可达2.634 mmol/g;纤维对水溶液中Cr(Ⅲ)的吸附容量高达59.43 mg/g,经6次吸附洗脱循环后吸附性能亦无明显变化,可望在工业含铬废水处理等工艺中获实际应用。     

胺型螯合纤维对Au^3^＋的吸附行为

研究了含胺基的螯合纤维对三价金离子的吸附为，结果表明，含二乙胺基和二乙醇胺基的螯合纤维对金离子的吸附量较大，而且吸附快，对金的选择性好，还能将所吸附的金离了还原成单质金。     

Kinetics of removal of chromium from water and electronic process wastewater by ion exchange resins: 1200H, 1500H and IRN97H

The removal of chromium from aqueous solution by an ion exchange resin is described. Ion exchange resins 1200H, 1500H and IRN97H show a remarkable increase in sorption capacity for chromium, compared to other adsorbents. The adsorption process, which is pH dependent show maximum removal of chromium in the pH range 2-6 for an initial chromium concentration of 10mg/l. The metal ion adsorption obeyed linear, Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms. The adsorption of chromium on these cation exchange resins follows first-order reversible kinetics and pseudo-first-order kinetics. The intraparticle diffusion of chromium on ion exchange resins represents the rate-limiting step. The uptake of chromium by the ion exchange resins was reversible and thus have good potential for the removal/recovery of chromium from aqueous solutions. We conclude that such ion exchange resins can be used for the efficient removal of chromium from water and wastewater.     

新型分离-吸附腈氯纶纤维的制备及其应用研究

利用自制的含活性炭的腈氯纶纤维制备了羧酸型离子交换吸附纤维,研究了所制得的含活性炭的腈氯纶离子交换吸附纤维的性能,尤其是对L-精氨酸的吸附性能,考察了其静态、动态吸附情况.结果表明,静态饱和吸附量随精氨酸起始浓度的增加而增加,吸附率随精氨酸起始浓度的增加而降低,且遵循Freundlish等温吸附模式.所制得的纤维对精氨酸的动态吸附能力较强,吸附和解吸速率较快.     

Design of novel polymeric adsorbents for metal ion removal from water using computer-aided molecular design

Heavy metals in drinking water act as contaminants that can cause serious health problems. These metal ions in drinking water are generally removed using cation exchange resins that are used as adsorbents. Generally, chelating resins with limited adsorption capacity are commercially available. Manufacturing novel resin polymers with enhanced adsorption capacity of metal ion requires ample experimental efforts that are expensive as well as time consuming. To overcome these difficulties, application of computer-aided molecular design (CAMD) will be an efficient way to develop novel chelating resin polymers. In this paper, CAMD based on group contribution method (GCM) has been used to design novel resins with enhanced adsorption capability of removing heavy metal ions from water. A polymer consists of multiple monomer units that repeat in a polymer chain. Each repeat unit of the polymer can be subdivided into different structural and functional groups. The adsorption mechanism of heavy metals on resin depends on the difference between activities in adsorbents and the bulk fluid phase. The contribution of the functional groups in the adsorption process is found by estimating the activity coefficient of heavy metal in the solid phase and bulk phase using a modified version of the UNIFAC GCM. The interaction parameters of the functional groups are first determined and then they are used in a combinatorial optimization method for CAMD of novel resin polymers. In this work, designs of novel resin polymers for the removal of Cu ions from drinking water are used as a case study. The proposed new polymer resin has an order of magnitude higher adsorption capacity compared to conventional resin used for the same purpose.     

含羧基和吡啶基两性离子交换纤维的结构控制

采用X射线光电子能谱、红外、热失重-红外联用及扫描电镜等手段研究了含羧基和吡啶基两性离子交换纤维的结构,及其对金属离子和氨基酸的吸附分离特性.结果表明,两性离子交换纤维含有羧基和吡啶基,其总交换容量、阳/阴离子交换基团的比率以及纤维的表面形貌可通过选择共接枝单体对种类及其投料比来控制,从而控制两性纤维的吸附选择性随着共接枝单体吡啶组分含量的增加,阴离子交换容量逐渐上升,阴离子交换基团占总交换基团的比率也随之增加,两性纤维的表面形貌综合了两种单体单组份接枝时的特征.由于吡啶和羧基的协同作用,两性纤维对Cu2 有很大的吸附量,而且当酸碱两种基团含量接近时,协同作用更强.     

新型螯合纤维在金属离子富集分离中的应用

近年来,螯合纤维在金属离子的提取、分离、分析等方面的研究成为分离科学领域的研究热点。螯合纤维对金属离子具有很强的吸附性和高的选择性,可以用于放射性金属、贵金属、过渡金属和稀土金属离子的回收、富集和分离等方面。为了进一步提高螯合纤维的吸附性和选择性,众多学者对如何制备出性能优良的螯合纤维进行了大量的研究工作。综述了近年来新型螯合纤维的制备和吸附性能。     

含苯磺酰基酰胺螯合纤维的制备及对Pd(Ⅱ)的吸附

以聚丙烯腈和苯磺酰胺为原料合成了一种含苯磺酰基酰胺的螯合纤维,讨论了反应时间、温度及反应物配比等因素对反应的影响,用红外光谱对产物的结构进行了确证。利用螯合纤维分离柱从水溶液中分离富集痕量的Pd(Ⅱ)离子,用电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱仪检测,回收率在95%以上;考察了螯合吸附剂的富集酸度,洗脱条件和吸附容量等吸附性能,结果表明,制备的螯合型吸附剂对Pd(Ⅱ)离子的吸附性能良好。     

Removal of Cu(II) from water by tetrakis(4-carboxyphenyl) porphyrin-functionalized mesoporous silica

Various adsorbents are available for the removal of heavy and toxic metals, silica-based materials have been the most popular. Recently, there has been considerable interest for the modification of organic moieties and mesostructured materials to enable their use as efficient adsorbent for metal removal. In this study, here we are reporting successful incorporation of tetrakis(4-carboxyphenyl)porphyrin (TCPP) in mesoporous silica by the post-synthetic method. TCPP-SBA-15 has been found to be an effective material for the removal of Cu(II) from aqueous solution due to the chelating nature of the porphyrin-bridging group. A comparative study on adsorption of copper(II) ion over NH(2)-SBA-15 silica and TCPP-SBA-15 was performed. The results show that TCPP-SBA-15 material has higher adsorption capacity than NH(2)-SBA-15 silica and it reaches the adsorption maxima around 13 mmol g(-1).     

A new hybrid ion exchanger: Effect of system parameters on the adsorption of vanadium (V)

The hybrid ion exchanger consisted of PONF-g-GMA anion fibrous exchanger and IRA-96 bead-type anion exchanger was developed by combining different types of layers with hot-melt adhesive. Its ion exchange capacity and the pressure drop with flow rate of water were measured and the adsorption of vanadium (V) ions on the hybrid ion exchanger was evaluated with various process parameters such as pH, initial concentration, and temperature. It was observed that the adsorption kinetics of vanadium (V) ions on the hybrid ion exchanger could be analyzed with pseudo-second-order model.