Increasing the resistance of an ASF lining with an MgO-CaO flux

A burned magnesium-lime flux is designed. It makes it possible to solve the problem of increasing the resistance of an arc steel-melting furnace (ASF) lining via the formation of a high-magnesium slag and the appearance of a slag skull on the furnace lining.     

Thermal operation of arc foundry furnaces

Experimental data on the temperature distribution over the lining thicknesses of the walls, roof, and bottom of a 6-t arc steel-melting furnace are processed. The time dependence of the heat flux density distribution over the lining thickness is determined, and the change in the enthalpy of the lining during a heat is found. Recommendations for the rational use of the heat accumulated by the lining during furnace downtime are given.     

熔分电炉冶炼金属化球团过程炉衬侵蚀分析

对熔分深还原电炉冶炼钒钛磁铁矿金属化球团过程中熔分电炉炉衬、出铁口及出渣口等部位耐火材料的侵蚀情况作了介绍,并对侵蚀原因进行了分析。电弧侵蚀、渣中氧化物的化学侵蚀、炉渣碱度不当、砖缝和裂纹等是造成熔分深还原电炉耐火材料侵蚀严重的主要原因,其中电弧侵蚀和渣中氧化物侵蚀尤为重要,占到侵蚀比例的70%以上。     

Heat losses and energy efficiency of arc steel-melting furnaces

The dependences of the heat loss power and the energy efficiency of arc steel-melting furnaces with a refractory lining on the arc current and length are analyzed. The influence of varying the heat loss power on the operating characteristics of an arc furnace is considered.     

电弧炉的泡沫渣冶炼技术及应用

泡沫渣埋弧操作是电弧炉炼钢的一项新技术．与传统的冶炼工艺相比，该技术具有冶炼时间短、炉衬使用寿命长及电耗低等优点．极具推广价值。     

提高电弧炉炉体寿命的措施

为提高电弧炉炉衬寿命,降低耐火砖消耗,石横特殊钢厂采取了提高渣中ＣａＯ浓度,降低（ＳｉＯ２）与ＭｇＯ的结合;提高渣中ＭｇＯ含量;控制吹氧操作等措施,使２０ｔＨＧＸ型电炉的炉体寿命由６７．７炉提高到８０．５炉,耐火砖消耗降低１．９６ｋｇ／ｔ钢。     

自焙炭砖炉衬在大型矿热炉上的应用

通过介绍自焙炭砖筑炉的优点及其理化指标比较,阐述了自焙炭砖炉衬在大型矿热炉上的应用效果及经济价值,在矿热炉砌筑过程中,采用自焙无缝技术,并在出铁口部位采用抗渣性强的半石墨炭-碳化硅砖,基本解决了炉底渗铁,炉衬寿命短的难题。     

包钢2#高炉1998年中修炉体破损调查报告

本文介绍了包钢２＃高炉１９９８年中修停炉后砖衬及冷却壁破损情况,分析砖衬及冷却壁的破损原因,就延长高炉炉身中下部寿命问题提出几点建议。     

30MVA锰硅合金电炉项目设计简介

为达到在行业内对锰硅矿热炉的设计进行交流和相互借鉴的目的,对埃赫曼康密劳项目的炉体砌筑技术、水冷炉口技术、炉衬检测技术、炉盖打结技术、电极柱技术、自动化操作和安全防护等方面的设计特点进行了较为详细的介绍。实践证明,这些设计特点,显著的提升了矿热炉的自动化水平,延长了其使用寿命,可极大的提高生产效率和经济效益。     

冶炼不锈钢30 t EBT电弧炉炉衬寿命的提高

上海三钢公司特钢厂改进不锈钢初炼电弧炉操作工艺、造渣制度和采用炉渣发泡技术后 ,使初炼炉炉衬寿命从 3 0炉提高到 60炉以上 ,保证 2台EBT电弧炉与 1台AOD相匹配。     

直流矿热炉熔炼硅锰合金温度场-电磁场数值模拟

采用直流供电成为电弧炉熔炼硅锰合金的发展方向.由于直流供热强度增加,炉衬的温度分布及传热规律需要重新考察及设计.建立了炉衬与炉内熔池耦合的三维非稳态传热模型,研究给定不同外加电压时直流矿热炉炉内的温度场和电磁场.研究表明,外加电压由100 V增大到300 V后,电弧区的最高温度增大了 150％.底电极中心与炉壁的温差T...     

Electric arc in three-phase metallurgical furnaces

The theoretical and practical assumptions relative to the studies of electric arcs in steel-melting furnaces presented in journal Electrometallurgiya in 2011–2012 are subjected to a critical analysis. Based on classical concepts and the author experiments, the concept is presented regarding to the phases of the state and parameters of arc discharge in the ac electromagnetic field of a three-phase system. Industrial methods of eliminating the injurious effect of flash arc on furnace lining and the furnace efficiency are considered.     

干熄焦旋转焦罐故障原因分析及改进措施

针对干熄焦罐故障率高的问题,分析认为,主要原因是干熄焦罐框架变形、开裂,衬板与旋转密封阀腔的结构尺寸不包容,衬板材质的选用不合理及衬板更换操作不规范。罐车框架改造采用三角弧结构,均布加强筋并塞装隔热材料;改进衬板结构及材质并规范操作。改造后,旋转密封阀卡料故障由20起降为0;衬板使用寿命增加了1倍,因衬板造成的故障停机率降低了90%。     

Channel-lining residues in the M3 membrane-spanning segment of the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator

The cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) forms a chloride-selective channel. Residues from the 12 putative membrane-spanning segments form at least part of the channel lining. We need to identify the channel-lining residues in order to understand the structural basis for the channel's functional properties. Using the substituted-cysteine-accessibility method we mutated to cysteine, one at a time, 24 consecutive residues (Asp192-Ile215) in the M3 membrane-spanning segment. Cysteines substituted for His199, Phe200, Trp202, Ile203, Pro205, Gln207, Leu211, and Leu214 reacted with charged, sulfhydryl-specific reagents that are derivatives of methanethiosulfonate (MTS). We infer that these residues are on the water-accessible surface of the protein and probably form a portion of the channel lining. When plotted on an alpha-helical wheel the exposed residues from Gln207 to Leu214 lie within an arc of 60 degrees; the exposed residues in the cytoplasmic half (His199-Ile203) lie within an arc of 160 degrees. We infer that the secondary structures of the extracellular and cytoplasmic halves of M3 are alpha-helical and that Pro205, in the middle of the M3 segment, may bend the M3 segment, moving the cytoplasmic end of the segment in toward the central axis of the channel. The bend in the M3 segment may help to narrow the channel lumen near the cytoplasmic end. In addition, unlike full-length CFTR, the current induced by the deletion construct, Delta259, is inhibited by the MTS reagents, implying that the channel structure of Delta259 is different than the channel structure of wild-type CFTR.     

钢水炉外电渣加热的实验研究

用连续测温技术测定了有底吹氩气搅拌的实验钢包电渣加热时不同加热功率条件下的钢水升温曲线。考察了加热前后钢水成分和炉衬侵蚀情况。与等离子电弧加热比较，电渣加热具有热效率高，成本低和操作简单等优点，适用于工业钢包和中间包的钢水加热。     

改进10MV·A矿热炉生产高碳锰铁合金实践

以10 MV·A半敞开矿热炉为研究对象,通过对其过去生产高碳锰铁存在的问题进行研究分析,总结了炉衬砌筑方式改进、原燃料选择改进、电极压放和管控改进、下料管改为水冷、稳定送电负荷在140~145A、电压级稳定使用5级等改进措施,使矿热炉工艺参数更适合生产高碳锰铁,减少了电极事故。并对所用矿石和焦炭进行重新选择,减少白云石的配入量,降低渣铁比,减少了渣量,使各项技术经济指标得到较大改善,平均日产量达到66.38t,冶炼电耗降低至2 609kW·h/t,取得了巨大的经济效益。     

Transient Temperature Analysis for Industrial AC Arc Furnace Bottom

Heat losses from the furnaces depend on the design and size. The surface heat loss from the bottom of an industrial AC electric arc furnace (EAF) possesses an important fraction of overall losses. So in this study the transient temperature variation at the bottom of the EAF was investigated. The transient temperature analysis was carried out using MATLAB computer program. T=T(r, t) for different bottom lining layers was depicted.     

矿热炉炉衬结构的温度场分析

为进一步研究矿热炉炉衬中温度场的分布情况,采用ANSYS仿真软件对真实简化的炉衬模型进行仿真分析。通过改变炉内温度和对流换热系数的数值,得到炉壁处的温度数据,与实测数据进行对比,验证模拟数据的合理性。结果表明,炉衬中不同耐火材料的温度分布存在差异;炉壁温度会随着炉内温度的增大而逐渐升高,随着对流换热系数的增大而降低;炉壁温度随对流换热系数的变化曲线斜率从0.13降到0.06,当曲线斜率逼近于0时,对流换热系数不再影响炉壁温度的变化,得到最优化的对流换热系数;模拟数据占实测数据的百分比在3%~8%范围内时,模拟数据能合理反映炉壁温度值。这为炉体保温结构设计和耐火材料的选用提供依据。     

耐材方案对炼钢过程节能的贡献

在目前欧洲能源价格上涨以及CO2排放税成本高企的背景下,提高能源利用效率和降低CO2排放量已日趋重要。基于上述目标,奥镁公司可提供一系列多样化解决方案,包括使用优质耐材内衬、优化内衬维护以及改进工艺等。用多个实例论证了在炼钢过程中,智能耐材方案对于提高能源利用效率和减少CO2排放所起的作用。在电炉和转炉炉底使用含底吹气系统的一体化耐材产品,能加强熔池搅拌和加快冶金反应,从而改善多项生产参数,包括电耗、处理周期、电弧稳定性以及加快脱碳反应速率。毫无疑问,对于能量和质量转换效率、成本和CO2排放等多方面都有着重要意义。经过计算流体动力学(CFD)优化的电炉和转炉出钢系统,是改善能源效率管理的另一个耐材解决方案实例。利用这些先进的系统,不但缩短了出钢时间,同时节约了能源损耗以及提高了产能。另外,还有一种节约能源的有效方式是优化钢包衬和使用耐材内衬包盖,可减少热损失,降低转炉或电炉的出钢温度,同时降低LF炉中能量输入或化学反应热的需求。近期,奥镁公司新研发出一种中间包工作内衬(即自硬性喷涂料)。由于省去了像普通中间包工作内衬的烘烤过程,从而相应减少了CO2排放。综述了各种耐火材料产品的特点,并重点讲述了它们在节能和CO2减排等方面的应用效果。     

Bottom design optimisation of electric arc furnace for ferromanganese production using nodal wear model

Abstract

This paper presents the optimisation on the design of the lining of an electric arc furnace that produces refined ferromanganese by applying the nodal wear model. This model is a new tool that systematises the wear/corrosion analysis applied to industrial furnaces linking the basic theoretical knowledge of the physical chemistry of wear/corrosion phenomena and the industrial conditions. The use of this tool to optimise the process helped increase the number of tappings between furnace bottom rebuilds from 19 in 1999 to 1200 in 2005 and the productivity to increase from 1·2 to 2·7 ton h^–1.