"Psychotherapy outcome research": Reply.

Replies to M. J. Lambert's (1979) criticism of H. J. Eysenck's (1978) critique of a study of psychotherapy outcome by M. L. Smith et al (see record 1978-10341-001), defending Eysenck's estimate of spontaneous remission. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

"An exercise in mega-silliness": Reply.

Replies to H. J. Eysenck's (1978) criticisms of M. L. Smith and G. V. Glass's (see record 1978-10341-001) meta-analysis of psychotherapy outcome studies. Eysenck's rejection of any evidence supporting the effectiveness of psychotherapy is disputed. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Will the real factor of extraversion-introversion please stand up? A reply to Eysenck.

H. J. Eysenck (see record 1978-01109-001) insisted that his Extraversion (E) factor is a 2nd-order variable, resting on 2 1st-order factors; S (Sociability) and R (Rhathymia, or impulsiveness as opposed to seriousness and self-restraint). Evidence is presented in this reply for the independence of S and R, as shown when proper measurement scales are used. Evidence is also provided for the affiliation of R with Factor T (Thoughtfulness), which serves as the basis for a different 2nd-order factor that has a better claim to the label of Extraversion. Eysenck's own factor-analytic results fail to support his claimed 2nd-order factor. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Another reply to Eysenck.

The present article disputes Eysenck's attempt to show that the results of the 1971 survey of Luborsky, Chandler, Auerbach, Cohen, and Bachrach (see record 1971-10064-001) "may be simply artifacts." Basic disagreements are pointed out, particularly with Eysenck's reliance upon "spontaneous remission" rates, and his neglect of controlled psychotherapy studies, and of the evidence that not only patient factors but also therapist and treatment factors have an impact on the outcome. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Extraversion and performance: A response to Eysenck.

Discusses H. J. Eysenck's (see PA, Vol 52:Issue 6) criticisms of the present authors' study (see PA, Vol 52:Issue 6) which questioned the validity of Eysenck's hypothesis concerning the relationship between extraversion and performance depending on cortical inhibition. Additional data are presented which refute Eysenck's criticisms of Horn and Cohen's sample selection, choice of parameter values, and theoretical formulations. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Judgment of time and aspects of personality.

The relationship between personality traits and time judgment by 2 methods of reproduction (linear arm movement, key pressing) and by verbal estimation was investigated. None of the measures of personality correlated significantly with verbal estimates. Only Extraversion correlated significantly and positively with time reproduced by linear movement (contrary to Eysenck's prediction), but several correlations between reproduced time and measures of personality approached significance. Speed of movement was positively associated with swift Metaphor Preference and n Ach. Variability in speed of movement was positively and significantly associated with Manifest Anxiety and n Ach, and significantly and negatively associated with Extraversion, which is also contrary to Eysenck's hypothesis. It was concluded that our results contradict Eysenck's hypotheses, and that personality traits and reproduced time may reveal more relationships than personality and verbally estimated time. (29 ref.) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

A comparison of three structural models for personality: The Big Three, the Big Five, and the Alternative Five.

Compared major factors from 3 models of personality: H. J. Eysenck's Three Factor model, P. T. Costa and R. R. McCrae's (see record 1992-39186-001) version of the Big Five, and M. Zuckerman and D. M. Kuhlman's Alternative Five. The 1st study describes the development of a questionnaire measure for the Alternative Five and the reliability assessments of the scales. The 2nd study used factor analysis to compare the factors among the scales from the 3 models. Extraversion and Neuroticism were quite similar across all 3 models. Eysenck's Psychoticism scale marked a factor that included Conscientiousness and Impulsive Sensation Seeking factors from the other 2 models. Agreeableness and Aggression-Hostility formed a 4th factor. Openness could be identified as a factor using facet scales, but it showed no convergence with other factors. Four of the 5 factors showed convergence across at least 2 of the models. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

"Ideology run wild": Reply.

Replies to H. J. Eysenck's comment (1976) that takes exception to the author's views (see record 1976-04475-001) concerning the possibility of a sociology of psychological knowledge. The author stresses that psychological theory and knowledge are partly conditioned by social forces, a position that does not entail a commitment to the idea as an exclusive cause. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Introversion-extraversion and kinesthetic aftereffects.

"Eysenck's hypothesis that extraverts show greater figural aftereffects than introverts was investigated by comparing the kinesthetic aftereffects of 37 subjects with high scores on Guilford's Rhathymia scale (extraverts) with those of 37 subjects with low scores on the scale (introverts). The personality groups did not differ significantly in amount of aftereffect. Several differences remain between the present study and Eysenck's earlier one, but the generality of the hypothesis that extraverts develop greater aftereffects than introverts is seriously questioned." From Psyc Abstracts 36:02:2HE95R. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

An American application of Eysenck's short neuroticism and extraversion scales.

"Eysenck's short neuroticism and extraversion scales were used in interviews with 180 American housewives. The scales proved to be uncorrelated with each other, even though both were significantly correlated with a measure of agreeing response set. The reliability of the neuroticism scale was .72; and of the extraversion scale, .41. Some differences between the present results and Eysenck's results were discussed." From Psyc Abstracts 36:04:4HF71W. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

"Some comments on the relation between A-B status of behavior therapists and success treatment": James and Foreman reply.

Replies to H. J. Eysenck's commentary (see record 1975-11786-001) on the original article by L. E. James and M. E. Foreman (see record 197407703-001) regarding the relation between A-B status of behavior therapists and success of treatment. In his commentary, Eysenck argued that several weaknesses in the original study do not support the conclusion that the A-B therapist variable is associated with outcomes of behavior therapy. In this reply, James and Foreman defend their conclusions. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

The psychology of politics: a reply.

Eysenck's tough-mindedness-tender-mindedness hypothesis is arbitrarily and invalidly criticized by Rokeach and Hanley (see 31: 2846). (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Comment on Eysenck's comment.

Comments on Professor Eysenck's (June 1981) comment regarding his admonition to cease our curious "masochism" over the Burt affair, and other problems of accuracy in scientific reporting. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Lack of effect of d-amphetamine on perceptual reactance and personality.

Attempted to measure the effects of the stimulant drug dextroamphetamine on perceptual reactance and some of the factors presumably determined by it. Ss were 36 21-34 yr old male undergraduates. Results were negative and did not support either H. J. Eysenck's concept of an excitation-inhibition ratio (1964) or A. Petrie's theory that perceptual reactance is fairly stable within individuals (1967). It is noted that there is considerable doubt as to the validity of perceptual reactance as a predictor. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Adult age differences in remembering faces.

Assessed adult age differences in recognition memory for pictures of faces under different instructional conditions using data from 110 18–25 and 115 50–80 yr old Ss. The experiment was designed to test M. W. Eysenck's (see record 1975-05006-001) "processing-deficit" account of age differences in memory by varying S's encoding of the faces. Although older Ss recognized fewer faces, the elaborative orienting task facilitated recognition memory equally in the 2 different adult age groups. The processing-deficit hypothesis is not supported by this finding. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Care and carelessness in psychology.

Eysenck's reply (see 31: 2813) to Rokeach-Hanley critique (see 31: 2846) of the tender-mindedness dimension "… evades or beclouds each of the specific issues we raised concerning his work on 'tender-mindedness.' " (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

The psychology of politics and the personality: Similarities between fascists and communists.

This paper is a reply to the criticisms leveled by Christie (see 32: 2813) toward Eysenck's research on certain personality traits of communists and fascists. The problems raised by Christie with respect to the sampling and measurement procedures used by Eysenck are discussed. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Some abuses of psychology.

This is the final paper in a series of 3 interchanges by Christie and Eysenck (see 32: 2813, 2817). In this article Eysenck's reply to specific criticisms are examined. 18 references. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

The relationship of extraversion-introversion to visual and kinesthetic aftereffects.

"… these results confirm those previously reported by Rechtschaffen (1958) and fail to confirm Eysenck's hypothesis (1955) that satiation effects in extraverts develop more quickly, reach higher levels, and dissipate more slowly than in introverts." From Psyc Abstracts 36:04:4BE10N. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Comparison of Eysenck's PEN and Lanyon's Psychological Screening Inventory in a group of American students.

Administered Eysenck's Psychoticism, Extraversion, and Neuroticism Inventory and the Psychological Screening Inventory (PSI) to 178 male and 297 female undergraduates. Included in the study was an 18-item Lie scale taken from the Eysenck Personality Inventory. A factorial analysis of the intercorrelations showed that 3 major factors could account for the bulk of correlations among the 9 differently labeled characteristics covered by the 2 inventories. These 3 factors were identified as Psychological Disturbance, Extraversion, and Defensiveness, respectively. The 1st factor was characterized by alienation, psychoticism, discomfort, and neuroticism. The 2nd factor was mainly identified by high loadings on Eysenck's Extraversion and the PSI Expression scales. The Defensiveness factor was mainly marked by the Lie scale and the PSI Defensiveness scale. The PSI Social Nonconformity scale loaded equally moderately on both the Psychological Disturbance and Defensiveness factors for both male and female groups. In the case of the male group, its highest loading was on the Extraversion factor. (16 ref) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)