混流式水轮机转轮优化设计及CFD分析

为了解决某小型水电站的混流式水轮机部分工况压力脉动大,空化、磨损严重的问题,对原水轮机进行了深入研究,并在原水轮机转轮的基础上研制出了新型的、适合该电站运行工况的水轮机转轮,对水轮机转轮进行了更换改造。对新型转轮和原转轮进行三维建模,分别与其余过流部件组装成水轮机全流道。采用ICEM进行网格划分,利用CFX软件,基于RNGκ-ε湍流模型,对原始全流道和改造后的全流道进行了数值模拟计算,通过计算结果分析转轮改造后水轮机内部流动以及外特性的变化,预估改造后水轮机的实际运行效果。     

离心油泵的CFD数值模拟

利用数值流体动力学CFD(computational fluid dynamics)商业软件Fluent对高速离心油泵叶轮内部的定常三维湍流进行了全流道数值模拟,以研究其内部流动规律。数值计算基于Reynolds时均N-S方程,采用了标准k-ε湍流模型和SIMPLEC算法。由于计算域由转动的叶轮和固定的蜗壳组成,使用了多重参考坐标系(MRF)把旋转区域和静止区域分开。计算得到了叶片吸力面和压力面等值线图、叶轮全流道截面(z=0)压力分布云图、叶轮全流道截面(z=0)相对速度矢量图;并对叶轮小流量工况和大流量工况进行计算。根据计算的数据对泵的外特性进行预估,给出了泵的扬程流量特性曲线、功率流量特性曲线。计算结果有助于深入了解叶轮的内部流动机理,指导叶轮的水力设计。     

空调器室外机流场和噪声特性

针对分体空调室外机空气侧流场和声场的特点,采用计算流体动力学(CFD)的方法对该系统的气体流动进行数值模拟。详细分析了轴流风扇流道内部和出口的速度分布,并利用激光微粒图像测速(PIV)手段,验证数值模拟结果,模拟结果与PIV测量值吻合较好。在CFD数值模拟的基础上,运用Lowson模型预估系统的离散频率噪声,预估值与测量值吻合较好。CFD技术能够有效地分析室外机空气侧流场特性,并为进行气动声学分析提供依据。     

水轮机转轮叶片割边改造的CFD与模型试验分析

为改善某混流式水轮机过流部件的流态,提升机组出力。提出了对转轮叶片进行割边的改造方法。在设计工况下,分别建立割边前、后的机组全流道模型,通过对比二者的CFD流场特性和出力情况,验证改造效果。最后,对改造方案进行了模型试验。结果表明,经叶片割边后的机组,虽然效率略有下降,但调整导叶开度至越大,机组的出力越显著提高。同时,叶片的抗汽蚀性有所增强,过流部件中的水流流态也有一定程度的改善。由此可知,采用转轮叶片割边的改造措施,是一种较为经济实用的优化设计方案。     

双腔液力缓速器特性预测与试验研究

对双腔液力缓速器进行了特性预测和试验研究.利用UG建立双腔液力缓速器三维模型并提取内部全流道模型,采用CFD软件对液力缓速器进行了特性计算,获取了内部流动的流速场、压力场、两相分布,得到了满充液以及部分充液状态下的制动转矩随转速、充液率变化的规律.进行了双腔液力缓速器台架试验,将试验结果与CFD软件仿真结果做了对比分析...     

贯流式水轮机三维非定常流DES数值模拟

以某水电站为研究对象,建立包含贯流式水轮机的全流道数值模型,基于不可压缩瞬态N-S方程,进行了三维非定常流研究。将全流道定常计算的结果作为初始流场,应用分离涡模型(DES)和滑移网格技术,进行了水轮机动静干扰的非定常湍流数值模拟,得到了全流场的瞬时压力分布和湍动粘度分布,转轮室进出口处的瞬时涡量分布,捕捉到水轮机转轮室进出口处复杂的三维动态涡结构。研究工作对于探讨水轮机涡激振动形成的机理具有一定的参考意义。     

冷却塔专用水轮机的数值模拟与性能研究

以冷却塔内额定流量为0.833 m³/s的双级贯流式水轮机为研究对象,基于ANSYS-Workbench操作平台对其进行单向流固耦合分析。采用三维建模软件UG,建立水轮机模型。使用商业CFD软件Fluent,对全流道模型进行三维定常湍流数值模拟,分析了内部流场及各部件的水力损失,得到了转轮叶片上准确的水压力分布。将流场计算结果应用到结构场中,使用有限元分析软件ANSYS,对转轮设计工况下的刚强度进行了计算,得到了转轮的静应力分布和变形情况。     

扭曲叶片离心泵的数值模拟与优化设计

为了对某大型汽轮发电机组的主油泵进行优化设计,本文对原设计的扭曲叶片泵进行全流道三维粘性数值模拟。采用全三维不可压缩Reynold。时均方程和RNG k—ε湍流模型,计算了从离心泵进口到蜗壳出口的整机流场,得到了扭曲叶片泵内部流动特性,在此基础上预测出泵的能量特性和汽蚀性能,并与试验结果进行比较,性能预测结果与试验结果基本一致,可以用于优化设计。     

可拆式螺旋板换热器内部流动与传热的数值模拟

应用计算流体力学(CFD)和数值传热学方法,建立了可拆式螺旋板换热器内部流动与传热的数学模型,模拟得到了其内部压力场和温度场的分布情况,同时讨论了流体流速和流道间距对换热器性能的影响.结果表明,几何结构一定时,适当提高油侧流速比提高水侧流速对强化传热更经济有效,而在流量一定情况下,流道间距的确定必须兼顾传热-压降性能和金属板材消耗量综合权衡.这些模拟结果对可拆式螺旋板换热器的优化设计以及运行参数的调试具有重要的参考价值和指导意义.     

基于CFD的混流式水轮机性能预估

在全流道三维定常湍流计算的基础上,建立了基于CFD的混流式水轮机性能预估方法,预估的性能与试验结果相符,分析了性能预估结果与试验结果存在误差的原因。结果表明,提出的混流式水轮机性能预估方法应用于水轮机的水力设计和改造中,可以减少模型试验次数和缩短产品开发周朗。     

Minimal Realization of Linear Graph Models for Multi-physics Systems

An engineering system may consist of several different types of components,belonging to such physical"domains"as mechanical,electrical,fluid,and thermal.It is t...     

INTEGRAL EQUATION METHOD＇S APPLICATION IN HOLE-EDGE STRESS OF COMPOSITE MATERIAL PLATE WITH DIFFERENT SHAPED HOLES

The strength of composite plate with different hole-shapes is always one of the most important but complicated issues in the application of the composite material. The holes will lead to mutations and discontinuity to the structure. So the hole-edge stress concentration is always a serious phenomenon. And the phenomenon makes the structure strength decrease very quickly to form dangerous weak points. Most partial damage begins from these weak points. According to the complex variable functions theory, the accurate boundary condition of composite plate with different hole-shapes is founded by conformal mapping method to settle the boundary condition problem of complex hole-shapes. Composite plate with commonly hole-shapes in engineering is studied by several complex variable stress fimction. The boundary integral equations are founded based on exact boundary conditions. Then the exact hole-edge stress analytic solution of composite plate with rectangle holes and wing manholes is resolved. Both of offset axis loadings and its influences on the stress concentration coefficient of the hole-edge are discussed. And comparisons of different loads along various offset axis on the hole-edge stress distribution of orthotropic plate with rectangle hole or wing manhole are made. It can be concluded that hole-edge with continuous variable curvatures might help to decrease the stress concentration coefficient; and smaller angle of outer load and fiber can decrease the stress peak value.     

Non-monotonic material contrast in scanning ion and scanning electron images

30 keV Ga⁺ focused ion beam induced secondary electron (iSE) imaging was used to determine the relative contrast between several materials. The iSE signal compared from C, Si, Al, Ti, Cr, Ni, Cu, Mo, Ag, and W metal layers does not decrease with an increase in target atomic number Z₂, and shows a non-monotonic relationship between contrast and Z₂. The non-monotonic relationship is attributed to periodic fluctuations of the stopping power and sputter yield inherent to the ion–solid interactions. In addition, material contrast from electron-induced secondary electron (eSE) and backscattered electron (BSE) images using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) also shows non-monotonic contrast as a function of Z₂, following the periodic behavior of the stopping power for electron–solid interactions. A comparison of the iSE and eSE results shows similar relative contrast between the metal layers, and not complementary contrast as conventionally understood. These similarities in the contrast behavior can be attributed to similarities in the periodic and non-monotonic function defined by incident particle–solid interaction theory.     

Application of Feature Extraction through Convolution Neural Networks and SVM Classifier for Robust Grading of Apples

This paper proposes a novel grading method of apples,in an automated grading device that uses convolutional neural networks to extract the size,color,texture,an...     

分布动态载荷识别的抗噪处理

针对正交多项式频域法在用多种响应对矩形薄板进行载荷识别中抗噪性较差的问题,综合运用平均法、矩阵预处理和奇异值截断法等方法对之进行改善,并引入空间映射的思想,将该方法的应用范围拓展为复杂的模型.利用仿真算例,证实了该方法具有较好的抗噪性.     

基于MELTAC-N平台的核电厂安全级DCS环网研究与测试

针对工程实践中环网通讯相关问题的处理缺乏理论基础及国产化安全级DCS平台的开发缺乏成熟经验借鉴问题,对基于MELTAC-N平台核电厂安全级DCS环网的软硬件实现进行了研究。提出了安全级DCS环网双环网冗余设计、光切换开关设计等硬件设计方法,以及以RPR协议为基础,采用全数据收发策略的软件设计方法。在CPR1000安全级DCS平台上对安全级DCS环网的可靠性及实时性进行了评价,并进行了容错能力、响应时间及响应时间稳定性测试验证实验。结果表明,基于MELTAC-N平台安全级DCS环网软硬件设计具有较好的容错能力及响应时间稳定性。     

Short-Term Relay Quality Prediction Algorithm Based on Long and Short-Term Memory

The fraction defective of semi-finished products is predicted to optimize the process of relay production lines, by which production quality and productivity ar...     

End-to-End Multiview Gesture Recognition for Autonomous Car Parking System

The use of hand gestures can be the most intuitive human-machine interaction medium.The early approaches for hand gesture recognition used device-based methods....     

The laboratory simulation of abrasive wear

Abrasive wear has long been recognised as one of the most potentially serious tribological problems facing the operators of many types of plant and machinery; several industrial surveys have indicated that wear by abrasion can be responsible for more than 50% of unscheduled machine and plant stoppages. Locating the operating point of a tribological contact in an appropriate operational ‚map’︁ can provide a useful guide to the likely nature and origins of the surface degradation experienced in use, though care must be exercised in choosing the most suitable parameters for the axes of the plot. Laboratory testing of materials and simulations of machine contacts are carried out for a number of purposes; at one level for the very practical aims of ranking candidate materials or surface hardening treatments in order of their wear resistance, or in an attempt to predict wear lives under field conditions. More fundamentally, tests may be aimed at elucidating the essential physical mechanisms of surface damage and loss, with the longer term aim of building an analytical and predictive model of the wear process itself. In many cases, component surface damage is brought about by the ingress of hard, particulate matter into machine bearing or sealing clearances. These may be running dry although, more usually, a lubricant or service fluid is present at the interface. A number of standardised wear test geometries and procedures have been established for both two- and three-body wear situations, and these are briefly described. Although abrasive wear is often modelled as following an ‚Archard’︁ equation (i.e. a linear increase in material loss with both load and time, and an inverse dependence on specimen hardness) both industrial experience and laboratory tests of particularly lubricated contacts show that this is not always the case: increasing the hardness differential in an abrasively contaminated lubricated pair may not always reduce the rate of damage to the harder surface.     

Limits of topographic measurement by the scanning tunnelling and atomic force microscopes

Parameters describing the topographic character of a surface (height, surface wavelength, slope and curvature) can be derived from equivalent sinusoidal profiles. The response of a surface-measuring instrument may be modelled in terms of instrument parameters such as stylus radius, and scanning range and resolution. The performance of the instrument may then be mapped as a zone in amplitude-wavelength (AW) space to show the sinusoidal profiles it is capable of measuring. In a first-order analysis the STM and AFM are considered as equivalent to contact-stylus instruments with a notional stylus radius equal to the tip radius plus the gap. Comparisons between different instruments and types of instrument are readily made by mapping in AW space. The error arising from convolution of the sinusoidal profile with that of the finite tip may be quantified and plotted as contours in AW space.