氧化镍在搪瓷密着及抑制鳞爆中的作用

0 引言 金属和瓷釉的组合扬长避短,就形成了搪瓷。它兼备了金属的强度和瓷釉的华丽外表以及耐化学腐蚀的性能。然而,金属和搪瓷是两种不同组成、不同结构性能各异的材料。金属与瓷釉的牢固结合是一个极其复杂的物理化学过程,加之同一材料在不同的条件下所表现的形式也会不同。对此学者们见解各异,众说纷纭,提出了不同的密着机理与机制。众所周知,搪烧前在钢板表面沉积一层镍或是过渡金属氧化物如CoO,NiO和MnO_22等,在适当的条件下,会与搪瓷钢板产生良好的密着。长期以来,国内外学者对钴镍底釉的密着机理作了很多研究。 Healy和Andrews研究表明含有氧化钻的搪瓷瓷釉能产生好的密着归功于被瓷釉溶解的钴和铁与瓷釉的亲密接触。Sweo和Pask强调CoO和NiO在瓷釉和金属密着中一个最     

漫谈金属搪瓷制品及其烧制工艺

<正>现在人们对金属的防腐越来越重视,在金属表面进行涂搪可以起到很好的防腐作用。而金属和瓷釉之间的密着对搪瓷产品的性能尤为重要。搪瓷起源于玻璃装饰金属,它其实是将无机玻璃质材料通过熔融凝于基体金属上并与金属牢固结合在一起的一种复合材料。搪瓷有金属固有的机械强度和加工性能,又有涂层具有的耐腐蚀、耐磨、耐热、无毒及可装饰性。搪瓷制品的用途与其性能密切相关。广泛用于日常生活、医     

搪瓷层同铝坯件的结合（密着）

采用光学与电子显微镜术、电子显微探针和X射线衍射技术测定搪瓷层密着于铝坯件的机理。提出一种理论，密着依靠铝扩散入该瓷釉层，并且扩散带应是相对地没有瓷釉—金属系统的反应产物，在暴露于化学溶液或经风化后才能保持良好密着。6063铝合金挤压件的循环式试验表明．如果注意选用搪瓷釉和预处理方法，这种合金能够搪瓷。     

搪瓷讲座(五)

九、搪瓷的一些特有现象 (一)密着机理 搪瓷附着在钢板、铸铁、铜、黄铜和贵金属等的表面;对于不同材料例如瓷釉(玻璃)和金属,这并不是说当然如此的。在这种情况下我们不能称为“胶粘”(粘着),而是具有可测量密着强度的复合物(按照破裂试验法)。     

无铅建筑铝搪瓷的密着机理研究

采用扫描电子显微镜、电子探针等分析无铅建筑铝搪瓷界面的显微结构和元素分布，并结合铝搪瓷的密着强度，探讨了无铅建筑铝搪瓷的密着机理。结果表明，密着性能优良的无铅建筑铝搪瓷面存在铝元素与瓷釉元素相互扩散的中间过渡层；中间过渡层与金属铝的结合主要通过金属键来实现，中间过渡层与瓷釉层的结合主要是通过离子键和共价键来实现。     

不同换热管用钢材的搪瓷密着性能研究

通过落球冲击法评价了低碳钢(20钢)和耐候钢(09CrCuSb)搪瓷密着强度,并采用扫描电镜和能谱仪分析了钢材与搪瓷结合层的微观形貌及成分。结果表明:低碳钢和耐候钢的搪瓷密着等级分别为2级和5级;低碳钢与瓷釉界面形成了锯齿状和枝晶状结构,界面粗糙,而耐候钢与瓷釉界面形成了脱离基体的岛状结构,界面较光滑;结合层主要成分均为Fe、Cu、Ni、Co元素;钢材与瓷釉之间形成粗糙的界面有利于提高搪瓷密着性能。     

低温覆铝锌钢板搪瓷的密着性能研究

通过对覆铝锌钢板搪瓷样品的密着测试,研究了搪瓷的密着性能。通过金相、扫描电镜等测试,分析了铝锌钢板搪瓷断面结合的微观结构,通过能谱测试分析铝锌钢板搪瓷的元素分布,探讨铝锌搪瓷的密着机制。结果表明,铝锌钢板搪瓷的密着性能良好,铝锌镀层与搪瓷层之间有明显的过渡层和元素扩散,中间过渡层与金属铝的结合主要通过金属键来实现,中间过渡层与瓷釉层的结合主要是通过离子键和共价键来实现。     

新型覆铝钢板搪瓷的研究进展

新型覆铝钢板搪瓷主要由覆铝钢板和搪瓷层两部分组成,具有优良的物理、化学性能,国外已广泛应用于建筑、家电、科教、卫生用品等行业.研究覆铝钢板、搪瓷瓷釉以及密着机理是解决当前覆铝钢板搪瓷问题的重点.     

新型搪瓷-覆铝钢板韧性搪瓷

覆铝钢板韧性搪瓷是以覆铝钢板为底材，涂烧一种特殊低温瓷釉而制造的新型复合材料。介绍了该材料底材的选择，瓷釉的特点和釉浆制备，涂搪、干燥及烧成工艺特点，探讨了覆铝钢板搪瓷的密着机理，分析了该材料的应用前景。     

覆铝钢板搪瓷的底材化学处理

研究了覆铝钢板复合材料的表面化学状态与搪瓷密着性的关系,认为表面的组织状态与结构对搪瓷密着性有很大的影响。实验得出,铬浴处理后的覆铝钢板表面活性强,组织结构适合瓷釉元素的扩散,搪瓷界面过渡层宽度增加,密着强度提高。     

喷釉管道釉层密着性的研究

用热震试验，落球试验，扫描电镜，Ｘ射线衍射等对喷釉和道釉层密着性进行了研究。结果表明，用氧气－石油天然气火焰在碳钢管里表面热喷玻璃釉料可以获得均匀，无裂纹，密着良好的釉层。釉层表面相结构 主要为玻璃态，有少量日 想Ｎａ２Ｍｏｏ４（ｍＯｏ３）ｙ析出；氮气保护可以提高釉层的抗热震性，耐冲击性及金属与瓷层界面的致密性；金属与釉层界面之间１０μｍ范围内形成了界面过渡区，对釉层密着有重要影响。     

Galvanic Corrosion Theory for Adherence of Porcelain Enamel Ground Coats to Steel

The galvanic corrosion theory of adherence between ground-coat enamels and steel was investigated as a part of a broad study of the bonding mechanism between ceramics and metals. The theory, which is outlined in this report, is based on the mechanical anchoring of the enamel into the pits formed by the galvanic attack of the enamel on the steel surface. The theory was first examined from the standpoint of the data on adherence obtained in earlier studies at the National Bureau of Standards. In addition, several experiments were performed which demonstrated that galvanic corrosion of the metal base could occur during the short firing times encountered in enamel processing. On the other hand, certain inconsistencies were observed in the data which indicated that the mechanism of galvanic attack followed by mechanical anchoring was not the only important factor affecting the bond strength.     

Nature of Adherence of Porcelain Enamels to Metals

An investigation of the fundamentals of the adherence of porcelain enamels to metals indicated that good adherence is the result of metal-to-metal bonds between the atoms in the base metal and the proper metallic ions in the enamel. To accomplish this type of bond, the enamel must meet certain chemical and thermodynamic requirements: (1) The enamel at the interface must be saturated with an oxide of the metal and (2) this oxide must be one which, when in solution in the glass, will not be reduced by the metal. In the case of iron, the oxide is FeO. Many of the phenomena observed in commercial enameling were investigated and found to be related to adherence, but not essential for its development. An example is the precipitation of metallic particles in the enamel. Much of the complexity in commercial enameling arises from the limitations imposed by practical considerations. For example, because enamels usually are fired in air, the heavy scale developed during the early stages of firing must be removed before adherence can be developed. Likewise, as the conditions of the enamel-metal interface change rapidly during firing, "adherence-promoting oxides" are used to help maintain the necessary conditions for the time required in commercial enameling. Surface roughness, although not necessary for excellent adherence, was found to improve the apparent adherence when the bond between the enamel and the metal was relatively weak.     

搪玻璃使用寿命及其理化性能研究进展

搪玻璃设备兼有金属强度和搪玻璃的耐高温、耐腐蚀、易清洁等优点,被广泛应用于医药、化工行业,成为当前化工行业不可替代的设备。但是,搪玻璃使用寿命短且其各项性能远达不到期望值,因此,通过引入添加物的方式提高搪玻璃理化性能对延长其使用寿命具有重要意义:通过提高搪玻璃网络结构的完整性,能够显著提高其化学稳定性;研磨添加剂以及硬质颗粒的添加降低了搪玻璃的孔隙率和摩擦系数,增强了抗磨损能力;界面处锚固点和枝晶体的增加能够显著增强搪玻璃的附着力;添加陶瓷颗粒能够降低热膨胀系数的差异,增强韧性以及阻氧能力,从而提高搪玻璃的高温防护性能。文章综述了添加物对搪玻璃耐腐蚀性、耐磨损性、密着性以及高温防护性能影响的研究,并进行了汇总分析,对后续开展试验研究具有一定参考价值。     

覆铝钢板搪瓷的低温制备及其密着机理研究

研究了覆铝钢板搪瓷的低温烧成工艺,运用扫描电子显微镜观察了其界面形貌,发现在搪瓷层和金属层的界面形成了铁-铝-瓷釉的复合层。X射线能谱仪分析结果表明界面间的元素扩散十分强烈,并由此促进了覆铝钢板与搪瓷层形成良好的密着。     

Study of Some Phenomena Associated with the Adherence of Sheet Iron Ground Coats

Cobalt and nickel are deposited on the surface of the base metal during the firing of sheet iron ground coats. These deposits, which are metallic in nature, at least at higher firing temperatures, increase with increasing firing temperature. They also increase with the amount of cobalt and nickel present in any one frit and with the fluidity of the enamel. One reason why cobalt is generally considered a better adherence agent than nickel is that cobalt has a greater tendency to deposit during firing. Ground-coat adherence is generally associated with a certain amount of deposition of cobalt and nickel on the metal surface. This deposition in turn is associated with a roughening of the metal surface which is believed to be a large contributory factor in enamel adherence.     

Improvement in mechanical properties of enamel via carbon nanotube addition

Enameled metal equipment exploits the strength of metal materials and the corrosion resistance of enamel; therefore, it is widely used in the chemical industry. However, the mechanical properties of the enamel restrict its service life. Multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) are one-dimensional nanomaterials with high-specific surface area, C–C bond structure, and SP₂ hybrid orbital. Herein, the effect of the dosage of MWCNTs on the mechanical properties of enamel is studied by adding MWCNTs to improve the mechanical properties of the enamel. Microscopic observation showed that the toughening mechanism of MWCNTs was mainly manifested in fracture and pull out behaviors. According to three-point bending test, when 0.4 wt% carbon nanotubes were added, the reinforcing effect of enamel layer reached the best state. These results provide reference for optimizing the formulation of enamel and extending the service life of enamel.     

瓷釉涂层/金属基体界面分形维数的研究

研究瓷釉涂层和金属基体界面形貌的分形特征,建立了分形曲线的提取模型,用计盒维数法计算分形维数,并和落球冲击试验结果相比较,发现分形维数的变化和瓷层的密着性的好坏呈现相同的变化趋势.分形理论为研究喷瓷管道的密着性提供了一种新的方法,为深入研究瓷层的密着性奠定了基础.     

搪玻璃反应釜的残余应力测试及分析

搪玻璃反应釜是一种由玻璃衬层和金属基底材料复合在一起的化工设备。这种设备在制作过程中由于坯体件结构形式、焊接、压力加工工艺,环境（温度与湿度）条件,搪瓷釉及涂搪工艺等原因,均将产生残余应力,而残余应力是自相平衡且不稳定的内力,当其释放应力达到或超过金属坯体与瓷层之间密着强度时即发生爆瓷,使坯体腐蚀失效,从而降低了搪玻璃反应釜的安全可靠性和经济性。为了有利于今后产品造型工艺的改进,对产品进行了残余应力标定和测试,并结合具体产品进行了分析