截止吸收型颜色玻璃的着色技术

研究了着色剂加入量对玻璃着色的影响和着色剂配比、热处理条件等对玻璃光截止吸收性能的影响。结果表明,着色剂Se加入的质量分数为0 6%左右,着色剂CdS加入的质量分数为0 6%～1 0%时,能制备出着色均匀的颜色玻璃;玻璃的光截止吸收性能主要取决于Se与CdS质量比和热处理条件;采用光谱纯着色剂可以明显提高玻璃的光透过效率。     

微量氧化铜对锑红宝石玻璃二次显色的影响

在Na2O-CaO-SiO2-K2O玻璃系统中添加着色剂Sb2O3和S,熔制锑红宝石玻璃.在相同工艺条件下,讨论了氧化铜掺加量和显色时间对截止吸收型锑红宝石玻璃透过率曲线的影响.结果表明:微量氧化铜是影响锑红宝石玻璃稳定性的重要因素,且随着CuO含量的增加,截止吸收波长向短波移动;随着显色时间的延长,截止吸收波长向长波移动.通过SEM测试,探讨锑红玻璃的着色机理:锑红玻璃截止吸收波长与胶体粒子的大小、数量和分散状态有关.     

玻璃的光学透过与调控

连续波长的光通过玻璃时,由于玻璃成分、结构和制备工艺的差异,对不同波长的光产生选择性吸收,表现出不同的光谱特性。以典型的紫外透过玻璃、可见光透过玻璃、红外透过玻璃和表面增透技术为例,讨论分析了玻璃材料的光学透过与调控。     

模板剂与工艺条件对减反射玻璃光透过率的影响

用溶胶-凝胶法制备了含有四种不同模板剂的镀液,通过浸渍镀膜法在玻璃上制膜,并采用不同热处理工艺制得镀膜玻璃。对各种玻璃进行光透过率比较,发现用P65模板剂的镀膜玻璃光透过率最高,在400～800 nm光波长范围内平均光透过率最大;玻璃基片最合适的提拉速度是40 mm/min,最佳的热处理温度和时间分别为500℃和10 min。由原子力显微镜(AFM)观察发现,优化条件下所制的膜层平整,采用百格法测得玻璃镀膜层具有较好的硬度。     

锌铝硅透明微晶玻璃的体视学研究

用熔融法制备ZnO-A12O3-SiO2玻璃,经两步热处理工艺控制成核及晶体生长制备出透明微晶玻璃.对锌铝硅透明微晶玻璃进行光透过率、场发射环境扫描电镜(field emission-environment scanning electron microscope,FE-ESEM)测量.用体视学分析方法根据不同光透过率对应的FE-ESEM照片,定量研究陶瓷三维结构参数和光透过率之间的关系.结果表明:尺寸为10 mm×10 mm1 mm的锌铝硅透明微晶玻璃在可见光区的光透过率约为87%;在近红外光区的为92%.随着入射光波长的增加,光透过率增加.随着三维球当径和晶粒平均比表面积的增加,锌铝硅透明微晶玻璃光透过率下降.随着单个晶粒平均比表面积和晶粒三维平均自由距离的增加,锌铝硅透明微晶玻璃光透过率增加.     

银铜双金属纳米晶玻璃复合材料光学三阶非线性的研究

采用离子交换结合氢气热处理方法,制备出银铜双金属纳米晶玻璃复合材料。利用光学吸收谱,光克尔技术和泵浦探测技术研究了银铜纳米晶玻璃复合材料的线性和三阶非线性光学性能。结果表明,在400nm银的表面等离子共振吸收峰附近,测得复合材料的三阶非线性极化率为1.7×10-9esu,光响应时间为皮秒级;在800nm处泵浦探测结果表明,银铜纳米颗粒尺寸增大使得复合玻璃材料快过程时间缩短和慢过程时间延长。     

降低紫外及近红外透过率钠钙玻璃制备与性能研究

本文采用本体掺杂结合纳米镀膜的方法,在保证一定可见光透过率的前提下,首先在钠钙硅玻璃体系中掺入稀土与金属氧化物,熔制紫外及近红外强吸收的玻璃基片,研究CeO_2、TiO_2、Fe_2O_3和SnO掺杂量对玻璃的紫外和近红外透过率的影响;然后,在此基片表面镀制纳米级F…SnO_2薄膜,探索不同镀膜工艺参数下,玻璃光学、电学及表面微观结构等性能的相互影响。通过不断尝试和调整工艺参数,最终制得紫外线透过率≤5%,近红外线透过率≤20%的基片,并且保持了较好的可见光透过率。     

热处理工艺对光致变色玻璃光色性能的影响

以硼硅酸盐玻璃为基础玻璃体系制备含卤化银的光致变色玻璃.采用同步热分析仪(DSC)和低温黏度计测试了玻璃的特征温度,并将该温度作为热处理工艺的参考温度,研究不同处理温度和保温时间对玻璃光色性能的影响.研究结果表明,在一定范围内,通过调整热处理温度和保温时间,可调节玻璃的饱和暗化度和复明透过率.当热处理温度从560℃升至620℃时,玻璃的饱和变暗透过率从82.8％变化至20.8％,复明透过率从86.9％变化至45.5％;当保温时间从0.5 min延长至30 min时,样品的饱和暗化透过率从85.7％变化至20.8％,复明透过率从87.4％变化至45.5％,通过热处理控制工艺可以实现对玻璃光色性能的精确调控.     

硅酸盐玻璃中银铜双金属纳米颗粒的精细结构

采用离子交换结合热处理方法制备了银铜纳米颗粒／硅酸盐玻璃复合材料。利用扩展X射线吸收精细结构谱和紫外-可见吸收光谱对复合材料中银铜纳米晶的精细结构进行了表征和分析。结果表明：玻璃中银铜纳米颗粒各自分散在玻璃基质中;银纳米颗粒的Ag-Ag键长由于制备过程中产生的张应力使标准银箔发生了膨胀;铜纳米颗粒表面的Cu-O配位数由于Cu-Cu配位的出现而降低,且Cu-Cu配位数远小于标准铜箔中Cu-Cu的配位数,其键长也发生了收缩。     

离子交换法在钠钙硅酸盐玻璃中原位合成银纳米颗粒的研究

采用离子交换结合热处理法,在商用钠钙硅酸盐平板玻璃中原位形成2～7nm的银纳米颗粒。利用电子探针、X射线吸收近边结构谱、透射电子显微镜和高分辨透射电子显微镜研究了银离子在玻璃中的扩散、还原和生长机理。结果表明：玻璃中同时存在2价和3价铁离子,2价铁离子的存在有利于银离子被还原成中性银原子。银原子在玻璃中成核并生长成纳米颗粒。银纳米颗粒可以在离子交换时形成。提高热处理温度比延长热处理时间更有利于颗粒长大。特别当热处理温度高于玻璃转变温度时,出现Ostwald生长,导致银颗粒迅速长大,密度降低。大部分银纳米颗粒为十四面体单晶,少量为孪晶结构。     

锑红宝石玻璃的研制与探讨

在Na2O-CaO-SiO2玻璃系统中引入着色剂,熔制锑红玻璃试样,讨论不同着色剂的用量、不同退火时间对试样透过率的影响。结果表明:锑红玻璃的截止波长随着着色剂的增加和热处理时间的延长而向长波移动,其透过曲线与硒红玻璃接近,但是吸收带比较宽,其各种性能与硒红玻璃的性能比较接近。     

Phototropic Glasses Activated by TlCl

Phototropic glasses in which TlCl crystallites play an active role were developed. When glasses containing Tl and Cl were reheated at 420° to 480°C for 3 to 20 h, phototropic glasses were obtained which were transparent, translucent, or opaque, depending on the temperature and time of heat treatment. X-ray powder diffraction patterns of these glasses indicated the presence of TlCl crystallites. The optical absorption in the visible region which developed in the glass after uv exposure was similar to that developed in TlCl crystals prepared by melting TlCl powder. These facts suggest that the phototropy is caused by TlCl crystallites precipitated in the glass by heat treatment. Optical absorption was measured during both darkening and bleaching of the glass.     

Preparation of Copper-Ruby Glasses by Sputtering: The Effect of Atmosphere on the Growth of Copper Particles

Copper-ruby glasses were prepared by the sputtering method and the effect of reducing treatment was examined. The reducing was carried out either during sputtering or heat treatment. Optical absorption was related to the growth of copper particles. The results are summarized as follows: (i) the volume fraction of copper particles in the glasses which are heat-treated in air increases with the addition of hydrogen in the sputtering gas. (ii) The copper particles do not grow larger than 8 nm by heat treatment in reducing atmosphere, whereas they grow as large as 12 nm in air. (iii) Reducing during heat treatment gives a pronounced effect only when sputtering was not carried out under reducing conditions. The origin of these phenomena was also discussed, considering the mechanism of nucleation and growth of copper particles.     

CdS and CdSe Quantum Dot-Embedded Silicate Glasses for LED Color Converter

Silicate glasses with CdS and CdSe quantum dots (QDs) were synthesized for application as an inorganic color converter for a 450-nm blue light-emitting diode (LED). CdO and ZnS (or ZnSe) were added, and heat treatment conditions were changed to control QD formation within the silicate matrix. Absorption spectra and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy confirmed the QD formation. Variations in absorption and photoluminescence (PL) spectra were observed with CdSe QD-embedded glasses when heat treatment conditions varied, whereas glasses with CdS QDs did not show noticeable variation. QD-embedded glasses were then mounted on top of a 450-nm LED chip to make a color-converted LED, and their electroluminescence and PL spectra as well as CIE color coordinates were investigated. The practical potential of QD-embedded glasses as an inorganic color converter has been observed, and their spectral properties were discussed.     

Effect of Temperature on the Relaxation of Radiation-Induced Coloration in Optical Glasses

Optical and radiation-resistant crown and flint glasses exposed to gamma irradiation at room temperature are investigated. The relaxation of radiation-induced absorption in irradiated glasses is examined prior to and after short-term or long-term heat treatment at different temperatures in the range 20–150°C. It is established that an increase in the heat treatment temperature by even several tens of degrees leads to a drastic increase in the relaxation rate of radiation-induced coloration and a decrease in the time of complete bleaching of irradiated glasses by several orders of magnitude.     

A Method for Measuring the Flow Point of Glass

The need for a new reference point for glasses, at a temperature substantially above the softening point, is discussed from the standpoint of development of. new glasses, control of properties, and behavior in applications where reworking is required. An apparatus and a procedure are described by which a fiber elongation test indicates the "flow point," or temperature at which a glass reaches a viscosity of 10⁵ poises. A short section of a glass fiber, nominally 0.65 mm. in diameter, is heated under specified conditions of load and heat application. The heating time required for the fiber to draw down to a thread indicates the temperature attained. When properly standardized with one or more known glasses, the precision is equivalent to from 1°C. for soft glasses to 5°C. for hard glasses. The effect of infrared absorption by the sample is examined, and a correction curve is given for use when such absorption is abnormally great.     

Specific Features of the Induced Absorption Spectra of Fluoroaluminate Glasses Doped with Samarium Ions

The induced optical absorption spectra of -irradiated fluoroaluminate glasses doped with Eu³⁺ and Sm³⁺ ions are investigated. It is shown that Sm³⁺ ions in fluoroaluminate glasses are protector ions contributing to the suppression of induced absorption in the optical absorption spectra of the studied glasses. It is revealed that the induced optical absorption spectra of the glass samples heat treated at T = 583°C contain two absorption bands with maxima at 300 and 480 nm, which correspond to radiation-reduced (Sm³⁺)^–. The concentration of color centers produced by -radiation in fluoroaluminate glasses is estimated. It is demonstrated that prolonged heat treatment of the glass at T = 638 K brings about the decay of (Sm³⁺)^– centers followed by the destruction of the samples.     

稀土离子(Ce3+,Tb3+, Pr3+)掺杂重金属锗酸盐玻璃的光谱透过及抗辐射性能

从新型抗辐射闪烁体材料的应用背景出发，对某些稀土离子掺杂重金属锗酸盐玻璃进行了紫外与可见光谱区的透过性能及抗辐射性能的表征，重点讨论玻璃基质组成与短波截止波长之间的关系以及一些元素对玻璃抗辐射性能的影响。玻璃基质组成涉及GeO2，Gd2O3，BaO，SnO，La2O3，掺杂的稀土元素包括Ce^3 ，Tb^3 ，Pr^3 。实验结果表明：这些重金属锗酸盐玻璃的紫外截止波长适中(350min)，适于用作掺杂稀土离子的基质材料。Sn^2 和Ce^3 使玻璃的紫外截止波长明显红移，其原因与特殊的紫外吸收机理有关。在所加入的元素中，Sn^2 和稀土离子Ce^3 ，Tb^3 ，Pr^3 均对玻璃的抗辐射性能有增强作用，其中以Ce^3 抗辐射效应最为明显，这主要归因于这些离子的变价特性。     

Interaction of radiation-induced defects of glasses with CdSe and CdS nanocrystals

The influence of X-ray irradiation on the absorption spectra of commercial light filters based on the glasses containing selenium, cadmium, and sulfur has been investigated. The light filters were preliminary subjected to the heat treatment, which resulted in the precipitation of nanocrystals in the glass matrix. The irradiation leads to stationary partial bleaching of glasses. Analysis demonstrates that the difference spectra contain the induced absorption bands of conventional radiation-induced color centers of alkali silicate glasses and a fine structure. The fine structure closely resembles the known difference spectra obtained under the action of the external constant or low-frequency alternating electric field on glasses containing CdSe nanocrystals. The conclusion is drawn that the stable radiation-induced centers of the glass at the interface with nanocrystals serve as a source of the Coulomb field affecting the energy levels of the size quantization of the nanocrystals. It is suggested that nanocrystals of the type of the CdS_xS_1−x solid solutions in these glasses are either lacking or do not manifest themselves in the spectra after irradiation.     

Effect of coloring impurities on the absorption in neodymium phosphate laser glass at a lasing wavelength

This paper reports on the results of the investigation of KGSS 0180/35 neodymium phosphate glasses produced on an industrial scale under oxidizing conditions and glasses prepared under experimental conditions in which iron and copper in small amounts rather than neodymium are introduced into the glass composition. The experimental glasses are synthesized by varying the redox conditions of melting. The oxidation states of transition metal impurities (Cu, Fe, V, Ni, Co) and the nonactive absorption coefficients of glasses at the lasing wavelength are determined. It is revealed that the main contribution to the nonactive absorption coefficient of the KGSS 0180/35 glass produced on an industrial scale is made by Cu²⁺ ions at a concentration higher than 0.5 ppm. At a lower copper concentrations, the total contribution of Fe²⁺, V⁴⁺, Ni²⁺, and Co²⁺ impurity ions to the nonactive absorption coefficient is comparable to that of Cu²⁺ ions. It is demonstrated that a decrease in the concentration of coloring impurities in glasses and the optimization of redox conditions of melting make it possible to prepare phosphate laser glasses with a nonactive absorption coefficient of the order of 0.001 cm^?1. In terms of the nonactive absorption coefficient, these glasses are on a par with similar glasses of foreign manufacture and satisfy the requirements imposed on glasses by developers of high-power high-energy laser facilities.