移动查询缓存处理的研究

客户缓存为提高客户／服务器数据库系统整体性能以及客户方数据可用性提供了有效途径。移动环境下网络资源的贫乏使客户缓存的作用更为重要，语义缓存是基于客户查询语义相关建立的一类缓存，提出一个基于语义缓存的客户缓存机制，给出缓存的内容组织，提出缓存项合并策略；然后讨论了基于语义缓存的查询处理策略；最后，模拟结果表明该客户缓存机制能够提高分布式、特别是移动环境下客户服务器数据库系统的性能。     

基于语义缓存的移动查询导出

在移动环境下，客户缓存为提高客户－服务器数据库系统的整体性能，特别是保证客户端数据可用性提供了有效途径，该文针对如何从基于语义描述的缓存中导出当前查询（部分）结果的问题，研究了查询从缓存导出的充分条件，并在定义查询与缓存之间的精确匹配，包含匹配和相互匹配几种情况的基础上，给出缓存与查询，包含与相交匹配的判断条件和相应的算法，基于该文的研究，查询可以充分利用本地语义缓存的内容，从而降低网络开销，加快响应时间，并支持移动客户断接时的数据访问。     

语义缓存的最小权值项LWI替换策略

在客户-服务器数据库系统中，语义缓存是基于客户查询语义相关建立的一种客户缓存．语义缓存的内容由以往查询的结果以及相应的描述构成．针对语义缓存的特征，提出语义缓存下最小权值项LWI(1east weight itern)替换策略．该策略由缓存项投影属性的访问频率和缓存项与查询的条件匹配情况，结合数据访问的时间局部性考虑决定缓存项的权值，替换最小权值项．通过性能分析实验，在语义缓存中，基于LWI替换策略的系统性能要优于基于传统LRU和LFU替换策略的系统性能.     

MANET中基于缓存的移动数据查询处理算法的研究

针对MANET环境中带宽有限、能量有限、存储有限和链路频繁的断接性等特点,提出了基于缓存的移动数据查询问题,证明该问题是NP完全问题,并给出一个多项式时间的近似算法,即最大节点新覆盖数据算法MD.该算法采用贪心策略,查询新覆盖数据量最大的节点,减少了查询次数,并最大限度地减少了网络中的传输时延.然后在MD算法的基础上,同时考虑了节点新覆盖数据量和链路服务质量问题,提出了一种改进的高效的启发式算法,即基于最大节点DD值的算法MDD,有效地减少了能量消耗,最小化数据传输时延,提高了网络的吞吐量.理论分析及实验结果表明提出的数据查询算法能够充分利用缓存节点的数据信息,较好地完成数据查询工作,有效地减少数据收集时延,提高查询效率.     

基于逻辑规则的语义缓存查询处理优化技术

语义缓存在移动计算环境中有着非常广阔的应用前景．查询处理是语义缓存的一个关键问题，但是现有的查询处理算法在时空效率和裁剪结果的复杂度两个方面存在很大的局限性，这在一定程度上限制了语义缓存的实用性．为了克服这些缺陷，作者首先给出并证明了用于优化查询裁剪的逻辑规则；基于这些规则，给出了剩余查询的裁剪算法；最终给出了只需进行剩余查询裁剪的优化查询处理算法．算法分析从理论上证明了该优化机制的有效性，同时，仿真实验的性能比较也表明该优化方法在提高查询裁剪时空效率和降低剩余查询复杂度等方面都要明显优于没有优化的方法．     

嵌入式移动数据库查询优化策略研究

随着通信技术和网络技术的发展,嵌入式移动数据库正成为数据库领域的一个新的研究方向。针对嵌入式移动数据库中频繁断接性、低带宽等特性,介绍了数据广播和客户缓存两种用于嵌入式移动数据库中处理断接操作的方法,提出了基于语义的查询优化策略。研究表明,该策略能够提高移动数据库查询的效率。     

嵌入式移动数据库查询优化策略研究

随着通信技术和网络技术的发展,嵌入式移动数据库正成为数据库领域的一个新的研究方向.针对嵌入式移动数据库中频繁断接性、低带宽等特性,介绍了数据广播和客户缓存两种用于嵌入式移动数据库中处理断接操作的方法,提出了基于语义的查询优化策略.研究表明,该策略能够提高移动数据库查询的效率.     

一种基于模板的数据预取和缓存算法

针对专题型应用中普遍存在的大数据查询的频繁性和模式固定性特点,提出一种基于模板的数据预取和缓存算法,用于加快数据查询响应速度并减轻服务器端负载压力。通过构建数据查询模板,在触发器被激发时调用模板以构建预取数据,提出基于模板的数据预取方法和基于触发器的预取算法;考虑缓存空间中一些大数据的存在对查询响应速度的优化性,建立缓存对象模型并提出改进的Hybrid算法。以东方红湿地环境监测平台为例进行算法实验与分析,实验结果表明,在不同的缓存百分比下,较之典型的缓存算法,改进的Hybrid算法在访问延迟率上均有改进,且在大数据量查询时表现出了优越的应用效果。     

移动环境下缓存弱一致性的研究

在移动环境下，客户缓存为提高客户一服务器数据库系统的整体性能提供了有效途径。缓存与服务方数据的同步策略是缓存研究的重要内容。移动环境下，考虑到网络的带宽、开销和可靠性等因素，客户有可能允许缓存维护弱一致性，即允许缓存与服务方数据存在偏差。本文针对基于语义的缓存，给出客户限定偏差范围的方法，并且提出基于有效期的缓存同步算法。     

面向轨迹数据查询优化的缓存机制研究

移动对象数据库（Moving object database,MOD）管理随着时间不断改变位置的空间对象,其已经在广泛的应用中被研究。尽管索引和查询算法等许多与MOD相关的技术已经被提出,但缓存管理仍然被忽略,这对于数据库性能至关重要。传统的缓存方法忽视了数据本身的时空特性,无法实现良好的性能。本文提出从缓存层面充分挖掘轨迹数据的查询性能,首先针对轨迹数据特有的存储结构和读写过程,设计了适合MOD的缓存访问机制;然后对于MOD系统中缺少与应用场景和访问模式相关的缓存策略问题,定制了缓存替换方法;最后开发了缓存管理工具MOCache,以可视化的形式动态跟踪查询语句结束后缓存状态的变化。通过实验表明本文提出的缓存替换策略与传统的策略相比,命中率提高到76.56%,缩短了查询时间,并且使用缓存工具监控历史状态信息,能够更加全面地反馈和分析性能问题。     

A Framework for Cache Management for Mobile Databases: Design and Evaluation

In a mobile computing environment, database servers disseminate information to multiple mobile clients via wireless channels. Due to the low bandwidth and low reliability of wireless channels, it is important for a mobile client to cache its frequently accessed database items into its local storage. This improves performance of database queries and improves availability of database items for query processing during disconnection. In this paper, we investigate issues on caching granularity, coherence strategy, and replacement policy of caching mechanisms for a mobile environment utilizing point-to-point communication paradigm.We first illustrate that page-based caching is not suitable in the mobile context due to the lack of locality among database items. We propose three different levels of caching granularity: attribute caching, object caching, and hybrid caching, a hybrid approach of attribute and object caching. Next, we show that existing coherence strategies are inappropriate due to frequent disconnection in a mobile environment, and propose a cache coherence strategy, based on the update patterns of database items. Via a detail simulation model, we examine the performance of various levels of caching granularity with our cache coherence strategy. We observe, in general, that hybrid caching could achieve a better performance. Finally, we propose several cache replacement policies that can adapt to the access patterns of database items. For each given caching granularity, we discover that our replacement policies outperform conventional ones in most situations.     

Towards Intelligent Semantic Caching for Web Sources

An intelligent semantic caching scheme suitable for web sources is presented. Since web sources typically have weaker querying capabilities than conventional databases, existing semantic caching schemes cannot be directly applied. Our proposal takes care of the difference between the query capabilities of an end user system and web sources. In addition, an analysis on the match types between a user's input query and cached queries is presented. Based on this analysis, we present an algorithm that finds the best matched query under different circumstances. Furthermore, a method to use semantic knowledge, acquired from the data, to avoid unnecessary access to web sources by transforming the cache miss to the cache hit is presented. To verify the effectiveness of the proposed semantic caching scheme, we first show how to generate synthetic queries exhibiting different levels of semantic localities. Then, using the test sets, we show that the proposed query matching technique is an efficient and effective way for semantic caching in web databases.     

基于向量关系表的自动数据收集算法

移动计算机在断连接情况下的操作功能,是通过数据收集来完成的,它的目的是在断连之前,把用户在将来需要查看的数据下载存储。提出一种自动数据收集算法,此算法基于向量关系表,以此为依据来计算对象之间的关联程度,以寻求紧密关联的对象簇,再利用优先度算法,通过分析置信度和支持度的值来比较它们的优先度,从而得出系统需要收集的数据对象。实验表明,这种方法很好地提高了断连操作中数据访问的命中率,并且大大节省了缓存的开销。     

A cache invalidation scheme for continuous partial match queries in mobile computing environments

The continuous partial match query is a partial match query whose result remains consistently in the client’s memory. Conventional cache invalidation methods for mobile clients are record ID-based. However, since the partial match query uses content-based retrieval, the conventional ID-based approaches cannot efficiently manage the cache consistency of mobile clients. In this paper, we propose a predicate-based cache invalidation scheme for continuous partial match queries in mobile computing environments. We represent the cache state of a mobile client as a predicate, and also construct a cache invalidation report (CIR), which the server broadcasts to clients for cache management, with predicates. In order to reduce the amount of information that is needed for cache management, we propose a set of methods for CIR construction (in the server) and identification of invalidated data (in the client). Through experiments, we show that the predicate-based approach is very effective for the cache management of mobile clients.     

Sleepers and workaholics: Caching strategies in mobile environments (Extended version)

In the mobile wireless computing environment of the future, a large number of users, equipped with low-powered palmtop machines, will query databases over wireless communication channels. Palmtop-based units will often be disconnected for prolonged periods of time, due to battery power saving measures; palmtops also will frequently relocate between different cells, and will connect to different data servers at different times. Caching of frequently accessed data items will be an important technique that will reduce contention on the narrow-bandwidth, wireless channel. However, cache individualization strategies will be severely affected by the disconnection and mobility of the clients. The server may no longer know which clients are currently residing under its cell, and which of them are currently on. We propose a taxonomy of different cache invalidation strategies, and study the impact of clients' disconnection times on their performance. We study ways to improve further the efficiency of the invalidation techniques described. We also describe how our techniques can be implemented over different network environments.     

Scalable cache invalidation algorithms for mobile data access

In this paper, we address the problem of cache invalidation in mobile and wireless client/server environments. We present cache invalidation techniques that can scale not only to a large number of mobile clients, but also to a large number of data items that can be cached in the mobile clients. We propose two scalable algorithms: the Multidimensional Bit-Sequence (MD-BS) algorithm and the Multilevel Bit-Sequence (ML-BS) algorithm. Both algorithms are based on our prior work on the Basic Bit-Sequences (BS) algorithm. Our study shows that the proposed algorithms are effective for a large number of cached data items with low update rates. The study also illustrates that the algorithms ran be used with other complementary techniques to address the problem of cache invalidation for data items with varied update and access rates.