杨梅叶提取物抗氧化活性的研究

本文从杨梅叶中提取酚类物质,用化学发光法测定了提取物对羟自由基(•OH)和超氧阴离子(O2 )的清除作用,同时将提取物添加到油脂中,研究其抑制物油脂氧化的能力。结果显示,杨梅叶提取物具有很强的抗氧化活性,并且随时期变化有较大差异,但总的来说与酚类物质的含量存正相关性。-•     

杨梅叶中总黄酮提取工艺及其抗氧化活性研究

采用用正交试验优化杨梅叶中总黄酮的最佳提取工艺条件。以杨梅叶为原料,在乙醇体积分数65%、料液比1:30(g/mL)、提取时间1.5h、提取次数3次条件下,总黄酮提取率为3.34%。测定杨梅叶中总黄酮的体外抗氧化活性活性,结果表明：杨梅叶总黄酮对羟自由基、超氧阴离子自由基均有较强的清除作用,是一种天然有效的抗氧化剂。     

杨梅叶原花色素对猪油抗氧化作用的研究

以过氧化值(POV)、酸价(AV)、丙二醛含量为指标,采用Schaal烘箱法研究了杨梅叶原花色素对猪油的抗氧化作用,并用食品氧化稳定性测定仪测定氧化诱导期(IP)。结果表明:杨梅叶原花色素对猪油过氧化值、酸价、丙二醛含量的升高具有显著的抑制作用(p<0.05),能抑制猪油的氧化。当杨梅叶原花色素添加量为0.1%时,其对猪油氧化的抑制作用强于BHT,但比TBHQ稍弱,表明杨梅叶原花色素对猪油具有良好的抗氧化效果,能有效延缓猪油的氧化程度。在第14 d时,相比空白组,杨梅叶原花色素添加量为0.1%的处理组对猪油过氧化值、酸价、丙二醛含量的抑制率分别为76%、69%、94%。此外,随着杨梅叶原花色素添加量的增加,猪油的氧化诱导期增加,杨梅叶原花色素添加量达到0.1%时其氧化诱导期和抗氧化系数介于BHT和TBHQ之间,且与BHT无显著性差异(p>0.05),说明杨梅叶原花色素对猪油具有抗氧化作用。      

杨梅叶、枝和树皮提取物抗氧化活性研究

采用DPPH法、ABTS法、Rancimat法及血液体系总抗氧化能力测定法研究杨梅叶、枝和树皮提取物的抗氧化活性。结果表明,杨梅叶、枝和树皮提取物清除DPPH.、ABTS+.能力显著强于阳性对照。杨梅枝提取物清除DPPH.能力最强,为1907.5±6.40mgTEAC/g,叶次之,皮最弱;杨梅叶提取物清除ABTS+.能力最强,为1692.90±31.81mgTEAC/g,枝次之,皮最弱。提取物对山茶油的抗氧化能力与其添加剂量呈量效关系,在0.02%添加剂量下,各提取物对山茶油的抗氧化能力表现为TBHQ>皮提取物>叶提取物>枝提取物>VE。血液体系总抗氧化能力从强到弱的排序依次为VC>枝提取物>叶提取物>皮提取物。     

杨梅叶、枝和树皮提取物抗氧化活性研究

采用DPPH法、ABTS法、Rancimat法及血液体系总抗氧化能力测定法研究杨梅叶、枝和树皮提取物的抗氧化活性。结果表明,杨梅叶、枝和树皮提取物清除DPPH.、ABTS+.能力显著强于阳性对照。杨梅枝提取物清除DPPH.能力最强,为1907.5±6.40mgTEAC/g,叶次之,皮最弱;杨梅叶提取物清除ABTS+.能力最强,为1692.90±31.81mgTEAC/g,枝次之,皮最弱。提取物对山茶油的抗氧化能力与其添加剂量呈量效关系,在0.02%添加剂量下,各提取物对山茶油的抗氧化能力表现为TBHQ>皮提取物>叶提取物>枝提取物>VE。血液体系总抗氧化能力从强到弱的排序依次为VC>枝提取物>叶提取物>皮提取物。      

4种龙眼核提取物的总黄酮含量、体外抗菌活性与抗氧化活性

以聚酰胺吸附-硝酸铝显色法测定龙眼核水提取物、95%乙醇提取物、丙酮提取物、乙酸乙酯提取物等4种不同极性提取物的总黄酮含量,同时采用管碟法、最小抑菌浓度(MIC)法测定比较4种提取物的抗菌活性,并测定评价在二苯代苦肼自由基(DPPH自由基)体系、羟自由基体系、超氧阴离子自由基体系及抗脂质体过氧化体系中各提取物的抗氧化活性。结果表明：95%乙醇提取物的总黄酮含量最高,为(3.90±0.12)%,其抗菌活性也强于其他3种提取物,在质量浓度100mg/mL时,对大肠杆菌、普通变形杆菌、枯草芽孢杆菌、藤黄八叠球菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、白菜软腐菌、甘蓝黑腐菌7种菌的抑菌圈直径均达15mm以上,对各菌的MIC均≤100mg/mL;在不同的自由基体系中,4种提取物均对超氧阴离子自由基的清除作用相对较弱,但对清除DPPH自由基、清除羟自由基、抗脂质体过氧化均表现出较强的效果;以清除率达50%时所对应的样液质量浓度IC50作为指标比较发现4种提取物对3种自由基的的抗氧化作用由强到弱依次是水提取物、95%乙醇提取物、丙酮提取物、乙酸乙酯提取物,其中水提取物对这3种自由基的IC50分别为0.20、0.15、2.69mg/mL。可见,龙眼核的95%乙醇提取物适宜作为植物源抗菌剂,水提取物则适宜作为植物源抗氧化剂以深度开发利用。     

檀香叶提取物抗氧化及抗菌活性初步研究

研究檀香(Sandalwood)叶不同溶剂提取物的抗氧化及抗菌活性,为檀香叶资源开发利用提供依据。采用4种不同溶剂提取檀香叶中抗氧化、抗菌活性成分;采用清除DPPH自由基方法测定抗氧化活性,采用平板打孔法测定抗菌活性。结果表明:檀香叶80%乙醇、水、乙酸乙酯提取物可以清除DPPH自由基;80%乙醇提取物对大肠杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、枯草芽孢杆菌有抗菌作用,但对霉菌、啤酒酵母没有抑菌作用。乙醇提取物经不同温度、不同光照时间处理后,其抗氧化、抗菌活性较稳定。乙醇提取物经不同pH处理后,抗氧化物质在pH6～8范围内稳定,抗菌物质在pH3～7范围内稳定,碱性条件下不稳定。檀香叶乙醇提取物化学成分标识结果表明:檀香叶乙醇提取物中含有多糖、鞣质、黄酮类、酚类物、有机酸以及氨基酸、多肽、蛋白质等成分。结论:80%乙醇、水、乙酸乙酯提取物具有抗氧化活性,其中,80%乙醇提取物抗氧化活性最好。只有80%乙醇提取物具有抗菌活性。      

檀香叶提取物抗氧化及抗菌活性初步研究

研究檀香(Sandalwood)叶不同溶剂提取物的抗氧化及抗菌活性,为檀香叶资源开发利用提供依据。采用4种不同溶剂提取檀香叶中抗氧化、抗菌活性成分;采用清除DPPH自由基方法测定抗氧化活性,采用平板打孔法测定抗菌活性。结果表明:檀香叶80%乙醇、水、乙酸乙酯提取物可以清除DPPH自由基;80%乙醇提取物对大肠杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、枯草芽孢杆菌有抗菌作用,但对霉菌、啤酒酵母没有抑菌作用。乙醇提取物经不同温度、不同光照时间处理后,其抗氧化、抗菌活性较稳定。乙醇提取物经不同pH处理后,抗氧化物质在pH6～8范围内稳定,抗菌物质在pH3～7范围内稳定,碱性条件下不稳定。檀香叶乙醇提取物化学成分标识结果表明:檀香叶乙醇提取物中含有多糖、鞣质、黄酮类、酚类物、有机酸以及氨基酸、多肽、蛋白质等成分。结论:80%乙醇、水、乙酸乙酯提取物具有抗氧化活性,其中,80%乙醇提取物抗氧化活性最好。只有80%乙醇提取物具有抗菌活性。     

生何首乌体外抗氧化活性及抗菌活性的研究

研究生何首乌不同提取物的体外抗氧化活性及抗菌活性。在体外化学模拟的条件下,采用比色法,测定了何首乌水提物和醇提物对DPPH自由基的还原能力及抗脂质过氧化能力,羟基自由基的清除能力以及总体抗氧化能力。同时测定了何首乌水提物和醇提物的总酚酸和总黄酮的含量。利用滤纸片扩散法测定了何首乌水提物和醇提物对6种微生物的抗菌活性。何首乌醇提物的体外抗氧化活性强于水提物,具有显著的DPPH自由基和羟基自由基清除能力和较强的抗脂质过氧化能力,具有一定的还原能力,其总体抗氧化能力也比较强。何首乌水提取物和醇提取物的总酚酸和总黄酮含量分别126.52、77.25μg/mg和153.04、126.11μg/mg。另外何首乌的醇提物对金黄色葡萄球菌、四联球菌和大肠杆菌显示出较强的抑制活性,水提物对金黄色葡萄球菌和荧光假单胞菌显示出一定的抑菌活性。何首乌具有强的抗氧化活性与一定的抗菌活性。     

沙葱不同部位提取物总黄酮含量及其体外抗氧化、抗菌活性研究

以沙葱花、叶、秆提取物为对象,研究沙葱不同部位提取物中总黄酮含量、还原能力、清除DPPH自由基能力、体外清除羟基自由基能力以及体外对大肠埃希氏菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、绿脓杆菌和沙门氏菌的抑菌作用。结果表明:沙葱不同部位提取物总黄酮含量最高的为沙葱叶提取物,且各提取物均有一定的体外抗氧化与抗菌作用,其中沙葱叶提取物体外抗氧化及抗菌活性较好,对DPPH自由基的清除率可达52.2%、对羟基自由基的清除率可达84.4%。     

Antioxidant properties of various solvent extracts from wild ginseng leaves

Water, methanol and ethanol extracts of freeze-dried leaves of wild ginseng were examined for their antioxidant properties. All leaf extracts were capable of free radicals scavenging activity. Among solvent extracts of wild ginseng leaves, ethanol extract showed the highest DPPH, hydroxyl radical scavenging and ferrous ion chelating activity. Otherwise, the highest superoxide radical scavenging activity was found in water extract followed by ethanol and methanol extracts of wild ginseng leaves. Ethanol extracts contained more phenolics (2333.2 mg/100 g) and flavonoids (1199.1 mg/100 g) than other extracts. These differences in concentrations of key antioxidants among various solvent extracts seemed to be responsible for their differences in antioxidant activities. When various solvent extracts were hydrolysed by acid, two aglycons of flavonoid, quercetin and kaempferol, were detected. According to the results obtained from this study, wild ginseng leaves showed marked antioxidant activities due to their abundant antioxidants.     

Antioxidant properties of aqueous extracts from Terminalia catappa leaves

Aqueous extracts were prepared from green, yellow fallen and red fallen leaves of Terminalia catappa L. (Combretaceae) and their antioxidant activity, scavenging and chelating abilities were evaluated. Aqueous extracts from three different leaves showed high antioxidant activities and moderate scavenging abilities on hydroxyl radicals at 1 mg/ml. EC₅₀ values in antioxidant activity were 0.549-0.557 mg/ml whereas those in scavenging ability on hydroxyl radicals were 0.631-0.686 mg/ml for aqueous extracts prepared from three leaves with boiling water for 3 min. EC50 values in reducing power were 0.15-0.23 mg/ml. EC50 values in scavenging abilities on superoxide anion and 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydryl radicals were 0.36-0.44 and 10.4-35.3 mg/ml, respectively. EC50 values in chelating abilities on ferrous and cupric ions were 0.41-2.50 and 8.96-9.89 mg/ml, respectively. Based on the results obtained, the aqueous extracts displayed higher antioxidant properties. Six phenolic compounds identified in the aqueous were p-hydroxybenzoic acid, 4-hydroxyphenylpropionic acid, m-coumaric acid, 3,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid, p-coumaric acid and gallic acid. Therefore, the aqueous extracts from three different leaves of T. catappa might be a potential antioxidant supplement for application in food products or as a drink.     

杨梅叶中抑菌成分的筛选及分离纯化

为探寻杨梅叶中有抑菌作用的有效成分,以抑菌率作为筛选活性成分的指标,对杨梅叶的醇提物依次采用多级有机溶剂分步萃取、大孔吸附树脂柱层析、凝胶Sephadex LH20柱层析等分离手段进行逐级分离纯化,在分离的每一阶段对分离所得各个组分进行活性定量评估,并追踪活性强的组分,最后将所得组分经HPLC检测,可以得到较为单一的组分。     

Antioxidant properties of extracts from Ginkgo biloba leaves in meatballs

The aim was to determine the effect of Ginkgo leaf extracts on the stability of lipids and cholesterol in pork meatballs over 21 days of refrigerated storage. The antioxidants used were characterized by their antioxidant activity towards lipids and cholesterol. Extracts were prepared from green and yellow leaves from Ginkgo biloba L. trees. Water, acetone and ethanol were used as extractants. The extracts showed stabilizing effects on both lipid and cholesterol oxidation processes. The lipid oxidation process of pork meatballs was mostly inhibited by the aqueous and ethanolic extracts of the yellow leaves. Their antioxidant activity was higher than that of BHT. All the extracts had a stabilizing effect on cholesterol and most of them inhibited the formation of oxidized derivatives. The acetone and ethanol extracts of green leaves and the ethanol extract of yellow leaves inhibited the formation of cholesterol oxidation products formation most effectively.     

Antioxidant and antimicrobial activity of guarana seed extracts

The antioxidant and antibacterial activities of guarana (Paullinia cupana) seed extracts were determined. The seeds were extracted with water, methanol, 35% acetone and 60% ethanol at room (T_R) and at boiling (T_B) temperature of solvent.     

Antioxidant and antimicrobial properties of various solvent extracts from Impatiens balsamina L. stems

The antioxidant and antimicrobial activities as well as the quantity of phenolic substances of Impatiens balsamina L. stem extracts obtained with various solvent were determined in this study. All of the extracts possessed moderate antioxidant potential in the 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging and reducing power assays. Antimicrobial activity was estimated using the cylinder-plate and agar dilution methods against four bacterial and six fungal strains. The extracts showed good antimicrobial activity especially antifungal activity against all of the tested microorganisms. The total phenolic and flavonoid contents ranged from 2.88 to 13.63 mg gallic acid equivalents/g dried extract and 0.98 to 7.87 mg quercetin equivalents/g dried extract, respectively. The results presented here indicate that the I. balsamina stem extracts have antioxidant and antimicrobial properties and are therefore a potential source of antioxidant and antimicrobial agents for the food and pharmaceutical industries. PRACTICAL APPLICATION: Our work indicates that the I. balsamina stem may be a good candidate as natural antioxidant and antimicrobial agents. It can be applied in food industry for preservation.     

Antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of Polygonum cognatum Meissn extracts

The antioxidant activities, reducing powers, 2,2‐diphenyl‐l‐picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical‐scavenging activities, total phenolic compound contents and antimicrobial activities of ether, ethanol and hot water extracts of Polygonum cognatum Meissn were studied in vitro. The highest antioxidant activity was found in the water extract. However, there were no statistically significant differences among 15 µg ml^?1 extract‐containing samples in linoleic acid emulsion (0.02 M , pH 7.0) during 120 h of incubation (P > 0.05). The reducing power of the water extract was the highest, but its reducing power was markedly lower than that of ascorbic acid. The highest DPPH radical‐scavenging activity was found in the water extract, with 50% DPPH radical scavenging at a concentration of 100 µg ml^?1 dried water extract, while at the same concentration of dried ethanol extract the value was 12%. Surprisingly, no DPPH radical‐scavenging activity was observed in the ether extract. The concentrations of phenolic compounds found were 0.48, 0.50 and 0.01 µg ml^?1 gallic acid equivalent in 10 µg ml^?1 water, ethanol and ether extracts respectively. The ether and ethanol extracts showed antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus subtilis. The water extract did not show antimicrobial activity against the studied micro‐organisms. © 2002 Society of Chemical Industry     

Antioxidant properties of lucerne extracts

Aqueous extracts of fresh and dehydrated lucerne were found to exhibit heat-stable antioxidant activity toward the autoxidation of linoleic acid, the lipoxidase-catalysed oxidation of linoleic acid and the lipoxidase-induced carotene oxidation. EDTA increased the antioxidant activity of lucerne extract in all three systems. Alone, EDTA inhibited linoleate autoxidation, but not lipoxidase-catalysed linoleate oxidation, and was only partly inhibitory toward lipoxidase-induced carotene oxidation. The presence of ferulic acid in the acid hydrolysate of lucerne extract could be demonstrated by both paper and gas chromatography. This acid, and the related coumaric and sinapic acids, were shown to inhibit lipoxidase activity. It is suggested that a ferulic acid derivative may play a rôle in the antioxidant effects observed with aqueous lucerne extracts.     

Antioxidant activity of extracts from old tea leaves

The effect of methanolic extracts of old tea leaves (OTL) (leaves numbers 5–8 of the shoots) on the stability of rapeseed oil during heating at 60°C and deep-fat frying of potato crisps at 180°C was determined. The OTL extract was effective in retarding oil deterioration at 60°C, with activity increasing with concentration in the range 0.02–0.25%. At a concentration of 0.25% the OTL extract was similar in activity to a rosemary extract added at 0.1%. The OTL extract (0.1%) was as active in retarding the deterioration of oil as a rosemary extract (0.1%) during repeat frying of potato crisps. Hence it is clear that old tea leaves, which at present are often considered as agricultural waste, contain antioxidants that may usefully be extracted and added to foods.