在Ni3Al中硼的非平衡晶界偏聚

在１０２３～１３７３Ｋ的初始温度范围和０．０５～２６８．９１Ｋ／ｓ的冷速范围内，用俄歇剖层分析确定了含硼Ｎｉ３Ａｌ合金中硼的非平衡晶界偏聚行为。基于由空位在晶界湮灭所产生的体系自由能下降驱动可动的溶质－空位复合体向晶界迁移。从而产生溶质非平衡晶界偏聚的模型，导出了定量描述非平衡偏聚行为的解析表达式，理论计算结果与硼非平衡偏聚的试验数据相符，通过模拟实测确定Ｎｉ３Ａｌ－Ｂ合金中硼及硼－空位复合体的扩     

固体中一种新发现的扩散机制──复合体扩散机制SCIEI

置换溶质原产可以以溶质原子－空位复合体形式扩散，这一扩散机制可以圆满的说明非平衡偏聚现象发生的规律，密排晶体中溶质原子的异常快速扩散现象，Ｂ在γ－Ｆｅ中快速扩散和晶界非平衡偏聚，溶质原子在Ａｌ表面空位坑中的聚集以及Ｓｉ在Ａｌ晶界处析出等问题．     

A NEWLY DISCOVERED DIFFUSION MECHANISM IN SOLIDS──COMPLEX DIFFUSION MECHANISM

置换溶质原产可以以溶质原子－空位复合体形式扩散，这一扩散机制可以圆满的说明非平衡偏聚现象发生的规律，密排晶体中溶质原子的异常快速扩散现象，Ｂ在γ－Ｆｅ中快速扩散和晶界非平衡偏聚，溶质原子在Ａｌ表面空位坑中的聚集以及Ｓｉ在Ａｌ晶界处析出等问题．     

晶界非平衡偏聚的发生与发展过程

采用硼（Ｂ）径迹照相法和透射电镜从实验上观察了连续冷却过程中Ｂ在晶界非平衡偏聚的发生发展过程。测定了晶界偏聚的富集因子、富集带宽度、贫Ｂ区宽度和贫化因子等偏聚特征参量 实验结果表明，对于Ｂ含量（质量分数）为１０×１０－４％的 Ｆｅ－４０％Ｎｉ合金体系，以 ２℃／ｓ的冷速从 １１５０ ℃冷却到 ６４０℃的时候，Ｂ在晶界上的偏聚经历了 ３段式的发展．并在８６０ ℃时开始向非平衡析出转化。 可以用晶界及晶界附近扩展畸变区对于溶质原子的吸附作用解释上述现象     

硼在金属间化合物Ni3Al晶界的平衡偏聚

应用扫描俄歇探针研究了硼在金属间化合物Ｎｉ３Ａｌ晶界的平衡偏聚特性。研究结果表明，硼在Ｎｉ３Ａｌ晶界的偏聚符合Ｌａｎｇｒｎｕｉｒ一ＭｃＬｅａｎ平衡偏聚理论；实验得到硼在Ｎｉ－２４ａｔ．－％Ａｌ合金中晶界偏聚自由能△Ｇ＝－２２１５９－２４．７４Ｔ（Ｊ／ｍｏｌ）：硼在Ｎｉ３Ａｌ晶界的偏聚受晶界结构和晶界化学环境的影响。不同结构的晶界存在着硼偏聚的不均匀性，硼在富镍晶界的偏聚比在富Ａｌ晶界更为显著，合金元素对硼在Ｎｉ３Ａｌ晶界偏聚的影响与其在Ｎｉ３Ａｌ中占据的亚阵位置有关。     

MECHANISM OF NON-EQUILIBRIUM SEGREGATION OF SOLUTE TO GRAIN BOUNDARIES

本文以空位-溶质原子拖曳机制为基础,并考虑了空位、溶质原子和复合体三者的反应平衡及晶界平衡偏聚的作用,得到了溶质原子的非平衡晶界偏聚动力学方程。对硼在奥氏体中等温及连续冷却时所产生的非平衡晶界偏聚现象进行了理论计算,得到了与实验较为一致的结果。     

Zr_（1－x）Ti_xM_（2．1）合金（M＝V_（0．1）Ni_（0．53）

Ｚｒ_（１－ｘ）Ｔｉ_ｘＭ_（２．１）合金（Ｍ＝Ｖ_（０．１）Ｎｉ_（０．５３）Ｍｎ_（０．３２）Ｆｅ_（０．０５）的吸氢特性和电化学特性用小电弧炉在氩气保护下熔炼了Ｚｒ１－ｘＴｉｘ（Ｖ０．１Ｎｉ０．５３Ｍｎ０．３２Ｆｅ０．０５）２．１（Ｘ＝０、０．１、０?..     

Ni3Al中B和Mg的非平衡晶界共偏聚

在1023－1373K的初始温度和0.05-268.91K/s的冷速范围内，用Auger剖层分析确定含B和Mg的Ni3Al合金中B和Mg的非平衡晶界共偏聚行为，按照溶质－空位复合体迁移机制所导出的描述非平衡晶界偏聚的扩散速率方程解析表达式，很好地模拟了本实验结果，并确定了Ni3Al-B-Mg合金中B及B－空位复合体，Mg及Mg-空位复合体的扩散系数及复合体激活能。     

固体中一种新发现的扩散机制—复合体扩散机制SCIEI

置换溶质原子可以以溶质原子-空位复合体形式扩散,这一扩散机制可以圆满的说明非平衡偏聚现象发生的规律,密排晶体中溶质原子的异常快速扩散现象,B在γ-Fe中快速扩散和晶界非平衡偏聚,溶质原子在Al表面空位坑中的聚集以及Si在Al晶界处析出等问题。     

铱—钼酸盐—丁基罗丹明B—PVA_（－124）体系光度法测定铱

在聚乙烯醇（ＰＶＡ）存在下，Ｉｒ（Ⅳ）与钼酸盐和丁基罗丹明Ｂ（ＢＲＢ）形成离子缔合物。测定Ｉｒ的适宜条件为Ｃ＿（ＨＣιＯ４）＝１．３ｍｏｌ／Ｌ，Ｃ＿（ＭｏＯ＿４）￣（２－）＝１．１×￣（－３）ｍｏｌ／Ｌ，Ｃ＿（ＢＲＢ）＝３．８×１０￣（－５）ｍｏｌ／Ｌ，ＰＶＡ０．０８％。离子缔合物的最大吸收位于５７０ｎｍ，摩尔吸光系数ε值为８．７５×１０￣５Ｌ·ｍｏｌ￣（－１）·ｃｍ￣（－１），至少可稳定一周，Ｉｒ量在０～２．５μｇ／２５ｍｌ服从比尔定律，测定极限为８．３ｎｇ／ｍｌ（ｎ＝１１），对于０．０８μｇ／ｍｌＩｒ测定的相对标准偏差为２．８％（ｎ＝８）。考察了４１种共存离子的影响，其他贵金属和Ｓｂ（Ⅱ）。Ｇｅ（Ⅳ）、Ｓｉ（Ⅳ）干扰，需采用火试金分离。本法已用于某些岩矿和冶金中间产品中Ｉｒ的测定，结果满意。用平衡移动法测定缔合物的摩尔比为Ｉｒ：ＢＲＢ＝１：４，探讨了反应机理。     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

Thermodynamics Study on the Decomposition of Chromite with KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

Influence of Heat Treatment on Damping Behaviour of the Magnesium Wrought Alloy AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

Effect of Rare Earth Doping on Impedance,Modulus and Conductivity Properties of Multiferroic Composites:0.5(BiLa_xFe_(1-x)O_3)–0.5(PbTiO_3)

The Lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite–lead titanate compositions of 0.5(Bi LaxFe1-xO3)–0.5(Pb Ti O3)(x = 0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)(BLxF1-x-PT) were prepared by mixed oxide method.Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction and shows a tetragonal structure at room temperature.The lattice parameter c/a ratio decreases with increasing of La(x = 0.05–0.20) concentration of the composites.The effect of charge carrier/ion hopping mechanism,conductivity,relaxation process and impedance parameters was studied using an impedance analyzer in a wide frequency range(102–106Hz) at different temperatures.The nature of Nyquist plot confirms the presence of bulk effects only,and non-Debye type of relaxation processes occurs in the composites.The electrical modulus exhibits an important role of the hopping mechanism in the electrical transport process of the materials.The ac conductivity and dc conductivity of the materials were studied,and the activation energy found to be 0.81,0.77,0.76 and 0.74 e V for all compositions of x = 0.05–0.20 at different temperatures(200–300 °C).     

Quantitative Analysis of the Crystallographic Orientation Relationship Between the Martensite and Austenite in Quenching–Partitioning–Tempering Steels

The orientation relationships(ORs)between the martensite and the retained austenite in low-and medium-carbon steels after quenching–partitioning–tempering process were studied in this work.The ORs in the studied steels are identified by selected-area electron diffraction(SAED)as either K–S or N–W ORs.Meanwhile,the ORs were also studied based on numerical fitting of electron backscatter diffraction data method suggested by Miyamoto.The simulated K–S and N–W ORs in the low-index directions generally do not well coincide with the experimental pole figure,which may be attributed to both the orientation spread from the ideal variant orientations and high symmetry of the low-index directions.However,the simulated results coincide well with experimental pole figures in the high-index directions{123}_(bcc).A modified method with simplicity based on Miyamoto’s work was proposed.The results indicate that the ORs determined by modified method are similar to those determined by Miyamoto’method,that is,the OR is near K–S OR for the low-carbon Q–P–T steel,and with the increase of carbon content,the OR is closer to N–W OR in medium-carbon Q–P–T steel.     

Growth Kinetics of Single Inclusion Particle in Molten Melts

On the basis of the single-particle framework, a new theory on inclusion growth in metallurgical melts is developed to study the kinetics of inclusion growth on account of reaction and collision. The studies show that the early growth of inclusion depends on reaction growth and Brawnian motion collision, and where the former is decisive, the late growth depends on turbulence collision and Stokes＇ collision, and where the former is dominant; collision growth is very quick during the smelting process, lessened in the refining process, but nearly negligible in the continuous casting process.     

Theoretical Analysis for the Motion and Temperature of Melt Droplets in Spray Degassing Process

The motion of melt droplets in spray degassing process was analyzed theoretically. The height of the treatment tank in spray degassing process could be determined by the results of theoretical calculation of motion of melt droplets. To know whether the melt droplets would solidify during spraying process, the balance temperature of melt droplets was also theoretically analyzed. Then proof experiments for theoretical results about temperature of melt droplets were carried. In comparison, the experimental results were nearly similar to the calculation results.     

Using Finite Element and Contour Method to Evaluate Residual Stress in Thick Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Welded by Electron Beam Welding

This work was to reveal the residual stress profile in electron beam welded Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates(50 mm thick) by using finite element and contour measurement methods.A three-dimensional finite element model of 50-mmthick titanium component was proposed,in which a column–cone combined heat source model was used to simulate the temperature field and a thermo-elastic–plastic model to analyze residual stress in a weld joint based on ABAQUS software.Considering the uncertainty of welding simulation,the computation was calibrated by experimental data of contour measurement method.Both test and simulated results show that residual stresses on the surface and inside the weld zone are significantly different and present a narrow and large gradient feature in the weld joint.The peak tensile stress exceeds the yield strength of base materials inside weld,which are distinctly different from residual stress of the thin Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates presented in references before.     

Microstructures and Tensile Properties of Ultrafine-Grained Ni–(1–3.5) wt% SiC_(NP) Composites Prepared by a Powder Metallurgy Route

Silicon carbide nanoparticle-reinforced nickel-based composites(Ni–Si CNP),with a Si CNPcontent ranged from1 to 3.5 wt%,were prepared using mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering.In addition,unreinforced pure nickel samples were also prepared for comparative purposes.To characterize the microstructural properties of both the unreinforced pure nickel and the Ni–Si CNPcomposites transmission electron microscopy(TEM) was used,while their mechanical behavior was investigated using the Vickers pyramid method for hardness measurements and a universal tensile testing machine for tensile tests.TEM results showed an array of dislocation lines decorated in the sintered pure nickel sample,whereas,for the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the presence of nano-dispersed Si CNPand twinning crystals was observed.These homogeneously distributed Si CNPwere found located either within the matrix,between twins or on grain boundaries.For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,coerced coarsening of the Si CNPassembly occurred with increasing Si CNPcontent.Furthermore,the grain sizes of the Ni–Si CNPcomposites were much finer than that of the unreinforced pure nickel,which was considered to be due to the composite ball milling process.In all cases,the Ni–Si CNPcomposites showed higher strengths and hardness values than the unreinforced pure nickel,likely due to a combination of dispersion strengthening(Orowan effects) and particle strengthening(Hall–Petch effects).For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the strength increased initially and then decreased as a function of Si CNPcontent,whereas their elongation percentages decreased linearly.Compared to all materials tested,the Ni–Si CNPcomposite containing 1.5% Si C was found more superior considering both their strength and plastic properties.