发酵型无花果酒酿造工艺研究

对无花果酒酿造工艺、操作要点进行了研究。结果表明：在糖浓度为20％-22％的无花果清汁中加入60mg/L～90mg／L的SO2，接入5g／L-7g／L葡萄酒活性干酵母，20℃发酵14d；可以使发酵彻底，原酒残糖量低，酒精度最高可达11．2％（v／v）；同时既可以保证酒质，也不会延长发酵时间。     

液化法无曲黄酒发酵技术的研究

对液化法无曲黄酒发酵技术进行研究。结果表明,以糯米粉为原料调浆,添加淀粉酶4u／g原料80-95℃液化20min,可得到流动性较好的液化液。最佳糖化工艺：液化醪冷至60℃,加乳酸0．03％（v／v）,调pH值至5．8左右,再加入糖化酶,100u／g原料、复合酶0．1％,在40-60℃维持10min。100L发酵罐酿酒试验,液化、发酵均正常,6d前酵结束,发酵周期15d,成品酒符合黄酒质量标准,适口性好。     

玉米酒精浓醪发酵工艺研究

采用安琪耐高温酒精活性干酵母，以玉米为原料进行浓醪发酵最适工艺条件的研究，结果表明，双酶法液化法，添加180u／g糖化酶，pH4．5-5．0，酵母接种量0．15％，适当添加无机盐和营养剂，发酵70h，最终达到发酵酒度14．7％(v／v)，残糖0．92％，残还原糖0．2％，淀粉利用率84．9％的良好效果。     

安琪超级酿酒干酵母在酒精浓醪发酵中的应用

采用安琪超级酿酒干酵母，以玉米、木薯为原料的酒精浓醪发酵，最佳工艺条件为：①液化条件：耐高温α-淀粉酶10～20μ／g，60～70℃润料30min，90～95℃液化90min；②糖化条件：糖化酶100～200u／g，无糖化；③pH：4．0～5．0；④发酵温度：30～35℃；⑤酵母接种量：实验室小试接种量为原料的0．2％，中试接种量0．05％～0．1％，大生产接种量在0．02％～0．05％。采用双酶法连续发酵工艺，要求原料粉碎细，料水比适当（1：2．3～2．5）。（小凡）     

超级酒酵母在浓醪发酵生产中的应用

采用安琪超级耐高温酿酒高活性干酵母(以下简称超级酒酵母)，并投资25万元对糖化系统、超级酒酵母的实际应用与预发酵罐系统、蒸馏系统进行技术改造。实现了浓醪发酵，发酵指标达到自建厂以来最高水平：酒分平均在13．4％(v／v)以上，平均残还原糖0．173％，平均残总糖1．84％。提高了生产能力，达到了节约用水、降低能耗的目的，年节约动力成本244．5万元，年创效益664．5万元。(小凡)     

酶制剂的添加对早籼稻谷生料发酵生产酒精的影响

对早籼稻谷生料发酵生产酒精进行了研究。结果表明：淀粉酶、纤维素酶、酸性蛋白酶、果胶酶的添加对酒精发酵没有明显效果。糖化酶最佳添加量为225U／g原料，最佳料液比为1：3．5，300℃120h，酒精度达9．0％(v／v)，残总糖为1．20％，淀粉出酒率达51．28％。     

新型大米发酵饮料的研制

以大米为主要原料,经蒸煮糊化、接种根霉、糖化、稀释、加入牛奶,以嗜热链球菌和保加利亚乳杆菌的混合菌剂进行乳酸发酵,再加苹果汁、糖、酸等调配成饮料。通过正交试验得出其最佳工艺参数为：根霉菌剂接种量4％（v／w）,大米糖化醪加纯净水稀释1．5倍,添加鲜牛奶40％（v／v）,接种乳酸菌混合菌剂5％（v／v）,42℃-44℃发酵14h;添加苹果汁15％（v／v）,白砂糖5％（w／v）,柠檬酸0．125％（w／v）,复配稳定剂0．15％（w／v）,用高速剪切混合乳化机5000r／min乳化10min,成品经115℃灭菌15min,符合相应产品的国家食品卫生质量要求。     

新型大米发酵饮料的研制

以大米为主要原料,经蒸煮糊化、接种根霉、糖化、稀释、加入牛奶,以嗜热链球菌和保加利亚乳杆菌的混合菌剂进行乳酸发酵,再加苹果汁、糖、酸等调配成饮料。通过正交试验得出其最佳工艺参数为：根霉菌剂接种量4％（v／w）,大米糖化醪加纯净水稀释1．5倍,添加鲜牛奶40％（v／v）,接种乳酸菌混合菌剂5％（v／v）,42℃-44℃发酵14h;添加苹果汁15％（v／v）,白砂糖5％（w／v）,柠檬酸0．125％（w／v）,复配稳定剂0．15％（w／v）,用高速剪切混合乳化机5000r／min乳化10min,成品经115℃灭菌15min,符合相应产品的国家食品卫生质量要求。     

火龙果酒发酵工艺的研究

火龙果的营养价值丰富且具有一定的保健功能。以新鲜的红皮红肉型火龙果果实为原料，果肉破碎加果胶酶取汁后，含糖量调整至17％，接入10％活性干酵母，33℃发酵7d：成品果酒酒度7％～8％(v／v)，酸度0．4％-0.5％，总糖5％～6％，色泽浅红自然、酒体澄清透明，具有清雅和谐的果香和酒香，符合国内外酒精饮料的发展方向。     

Co60诱变原生质体选育高产酒精酵母

将较高产酒精酵母制备成原生质体,经Co^60诱变后,采用四级筛选,得到高产酒精酵母菌株Co-158,其遗传性状稳定。以玉米粉糖化醪为基质发酵72h,成熟醪酒精体积分数为17～％（v／v）,残还原糖为0．0137％。Co-158菌;洙成熟醪酒精体积分数比出发菌株提高了16．34％,比ADY提高了24．48％,残还原糖含量亦远远低于出发菌株和ADY。     

沂州木瓜功能成分分析及主要加工产品研发

沂州木瓜富含多种功能成分，而且结果多，果实大，果肉厚，质细腻，金黄芳香，酸味纯正，果胶丰富，具有极高的营养价值和食用保健价值．是我国珍贵的药、食兼用果品资源。该文就其功能成分进行了分析，介绍了两种加工产品的工艺流程和技术要点。     

三种抗氧化剂对光皮木瓜籽油的抗氧化效果研究

对没食子酸丙酯(PG)、V_E、丁基羟基茴香醚(BHA)和二丁基羟基甲苯(BHT)混合物(BB,摩尔比1∶1)在光皮木瓜籽油中的抗氧化作用进行对比研究。采用Schaal烘箱法及DPPH清除自由基法,研究3种抗氧化剂在光皮木瓜籽油中不同组分的抗氧化特性。结果表明,BB对光皮木瓜籽油的抗氧化能力最强,V_E次之,PG最弱。在光皮木瓜籽油极性部分和非极性部分中,较短时间内,DPPH自由基清除率均为BB> V_E> PG。因此,三种抗氧化剂中BHA和BHT的混合物最适合作为光皮木瓜籽油的抗氧化剂。     

无油木瓜脆片加工工艺

应用真空糖渍和真空低温干燥技术对新鲜木瓜进行加工,研制具有天然水果色、香、味的无油木瓜脆片。该产品色泽鲜亮透明、果片饱满、酸甜适中、味道鲜美,具有浓郁的典型的木瓜风味,且含有大量的Vc等营养物质和独特的保健功能。     

正交法优选宣木瓜叶齐墩果酸回流提取工艺

试验首次对宣木瓜叶进行TLC定性研究,发现其中含有具有活性的“齐墩果酸”。在此基础上,采用正交法对宣木瓜叶齐墩果酸的回流提取工艺进行优化。研究结果表明,提取最佳工艺条件为:95%乙醇、料液比1∶10、提取时间2h、提取温度60℃。以提取物为基准测得宣木瓜叶中齐墩果酸量为2.86%,而索氏抽提法测得叶中齐墩果酸为3.16%,由此可得,本试验提取效率达90.5%。为宣木瓜叶的综合开发利用提供试验依据。     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

An internet compendium of analytical methods and spectroscopic information for monomers and additives used in food packaging plastics

An internet website (http://cpf.jrc.it/smt/) has been produced as a means of dissemination of methods of analysis and supporting spectroscopic information on monomers and additives used for food contact materials (principally packaging). The site which is aimed primarily at assisting food control laboratories in the European Union contains analytical information on monomers, starting substances and additives used in the manufacture of plastics materials. A searchable index is provided giving PM and CAS numbers for each of 255 substances. For each substance a data sheet gives regulatory information, chemical structures, physico-chemical information and background information on the use of the substance in particular plastics, and the food packaging applications. For monomers and starting substances (155 compounds) the infra-red and mass spectra are provided, and for additives (100 compounds); additionally proton NMR are available for about 50% of the entries. Where analytical methods have been developed for determining these substances as residual amounts in plastics or as trace amounts in food simulants these methods are also on the website. All information is provided in portable document file (PDF) format which means that high quality copies can be readily printed, using freely available Adobe Acrobat Reader software. The website will in future be maintained and up-dated by the European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC) as new substances are authorized for use by the European Commission (DG-ENTR formerly DGIII). Where analytical laboratories (food control or other) require reference substances these can be obtained free-ofcharge from a reference collection housed at the JRC and maintained in conjunction with this website compendium.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Analysis of benzo[a]pyrene in spiked fatty foods by second derivative synchronous spectrofluorimetry after microwave-assisted treatment of samples

A simple, rapid and inexpensive method has been developed for the determination of benzo[a