中国典型钢铁企业CO2排放清单与减排潜力分析

调查了解日韩钢铁企业CO2排放状况,并按照国际钢铁协会（IISI）公布的钢铁生产过程中排放CO2计算模型,利用该模型构造某典型长流程钢铁企业CO2排放清单,进一步分析该企业短期内拟采取的节能减排技术所带来的CO2减排量,反映我国钢铁企业CO2排放现状,为钢铁企业实施切实可行的减排CO2技术提供借鉴,为政府部门和企业决策者提供参考。     

钢铁生产CO2过程排放分析

钢铁生产成为大气中温室气体CO2的一大来源,准确测算钢铁生产CO2过程排放量是评估企业或行业减排的保障。建立基于CO2排放模块的CO2排放模型,选定国内典型钢铁生产企业进行分析,发现炼铁工序的CO2排放占总流程的60%左右,同时进一步分析了整体CO2排放强度与吨钢能耗的关系及工序CO2排放强度的分布。     

福建省产业部门能源消费导致的CO2排放情况分析

基于福建省产业部门能源消费统计数据,利用推荐的基准方法,对1997～2009年福建省能源消费结构、产业部门CO2的排放量、排放分布、排放强度进行计算并分析.结果表明:(1)以煤为主的能源消费结构是福建省近年来能源消费量以及CO2排放量快速增长的主要原因之一.(2)在各产业部门中,以工业为主的第二产业是能源消费和CO2排放的主体.(3)在工业内部,能源产业、建材产业、钢铁及有色金属产业、石化产业等的CO2排量及排放强度都较大,是未来产业结构调整和优化的重点.     

宝钢二氧化碳排放分析与减排对策研究

为了响应节能减排政策,评估中国钢铁行业CO2减排潜力,对宝钢进行了CO2排放分析和减排对策的研究。针对宝钢的工艺流程,建立了一个合适的数学模型,对2001～2007年的宝钢能源平衡表进行分析,计算了宝钢的年CO2排放总量,并对粗钢产量、能耗等指标进行了数据分析。     

钢铁企业的二氧化碳减排

清洁发展机制为CO2减排带来了新的动力，而钢铁企业是CO2排放大户，应抓住机遇开发CDM项目，促进企业和国家的可持续发展。     

关于钢铁行业CO_2排放计算方法的探讨

介绍了目前国际上主要的几种钢铁行业CO2排放计算方法,详细分析了各种方法之间的区别,为中国钢铁行业/企业今后开展CO2排放计算提供一定的参考。     

日本为减排CO2而开发的高炉新型炉料

日本正在开发的高炉新型炉料具有显著减少CO2排放的作用。介绍了住友金属开发的C IS烧结矿,并与JFE开发的预还原烧结矿进行了比较。介绍了新日铁开发的高反应性焦炭和铁焦、JFE开发的铁焦球团、日本NEDO等开发的HPC并进行了比较。指出新型炉料的开发成功不仅对减少CO2排放具有显著作用,还非常有利于降低炼铁成本,提升钢铁企业竞争力。     

八钢矿渣微粉项目对促进我区工业CO2减排的分析

CO2减排是我国实现清洁化生产中长期规划中的一项重要内容。通过论述矿渣微粉是实现CO2减排的主要途径,指出八钢建设矿渣微粉项目,不仅能够有效地降低八钢工业固体废弃物的排放和环境污染问题,而且对新疆工业CO2减排具有重要意义。     

钢铁联合企业CO2排放影响因素与减排措施分析

以某钢铁联合企业的产品生命周期清单模型为平台,同时利用Tornado Chart工具,计算得到对企业CO2排放影响较大的因素,然后分析得到此种结果的原因,提出相应的减排措施.结果表明:转炉流程对于钢铁企业的影响要大于电炉流程;对该企业CO2排放有重大影响和相关影响的因素是高炉煤气(BFG)的CO2排放系数,炼钢的铁水比和连铸的钢水单耗.相应的可以采取脱除BFG中CO2,降低炼钢的铁水比和优化产品结构选取环境负荷小的生产线等措施.     

钢铁流程结构及对CO_2排放的影响

温室气体排放引起的气候变暖已经成为全球性的重要命题。介绍了国内钢铁工业温室气体(主要是CO2)的排放情况,指出能源消耗是造成钢铁工业CO2排放的主要原因。在对比两类典型钢铁生产流程的CO2排放情况的基础上,深入分析了钢铁工业的能源结构及不同流程中原燃料来源结构对CO2排放的影响;最后对新一代钢铁制造流程的CO2排放进行了估算。     

Identification and changes in prejudice and in authoritarianism.

Ss "were first given the F Scale and a measure of anti-Negro prejudice… . Four weeks later they read a case history of a person who was prejudiced and authoritarian. Half of the subjects were told that the person in the case history was similar to themselves in background and objective personal characteristics. The other half… that the person was dissimilar to them. Three weeks later the F Scale and the anti-Negro prejudice scale were readministered. It was found that those low in prejudice at the first administration became more prejudiced but only if they were told the case history was about someone like themselves… . These results were interpreted in terms of the social support for suppressed 'wrong' feelings and in terms of the pressures to achieve cognitive consistency in one's self-concept." From Psyc Abstracts 36:04:4GD65S. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

MPD and DNA bending in crystals and in solution

Bending of 15 to 24 degrees is observed within crystal structures of B-DNA duplexes, is strongly sequence-dependent, and exhibits no correlation with the concentration of MPD (2-methyl-2,4-pentanediol) in the crystallizing solution. Two types of bends are observed: facultative bends or flexible hinges at junctions between regions of G.C and A.T base-pairs, and a persistent and almost obligatory bend at the center of the sequence R-G-C-Y. Only A-tracts are characteristically straight and unbent in every crystal structure examined to date. A detailed examination of normal vector plots for individual strands of a double helix provides an explanation, in terms of the stacking properties of guanine and adenine bases. The effect of high MPD concentrations, in both solution and crystal, is to decrease local bending somewhat without removing it altogether. MPD gel retardation experiments provide no basis for choosing among the three models that seek to explain macroscopic curvature of DNA by means of microscopic bending: junction being, bent A-tracts, or bent general -sequence DNA. Crystallographic data on the straightness of A-tracts, the bendability of non-A sequences, and the identity of inclination angles in A-tract and non-A-tracts B-DNA support only the general-sequence bending model. The pre-melting transition observed in A-tract DNA probably represents a relaxation of stiff adenine stacks to a flexible conformation more typical of general-sequence DNA.     

Research and teaching in social and preventive medicine and in public health

Both public health and social and preventive medicine are characterised by the common goal of promoting, maintaining and improving health and preventing disease, and both are concerned with a population-related, preventive and environmental perspective. But whereas public health is interdisciplinary and goes far beyond the medical focus, social and preventive medicine is medically based and forms a bridge between public health and medical practice. Research in a department of social and preventive medicine serves to support preventive and medico-social activities in medical practice as well as in public health. This is illustrated by results from research conducted at the author's department during the last twenty years. Examples are research in support of smoking cessation activities, and research used for the planning of care for the elderly. Both the research and the teaching activities of the department take into account the population focus of public health as well as the focus on individual medicine in clinical practice.     

Cholestatriene and ergostatetraene as in vivo and in vitro membrane and lipoprotein probes

The fluorescent cholesterol analogues, cholesta-5,7,9(11)triene-3-beta-ol (I) and ergosta-5,7,9(11)-22-tetraene-3-beta-ol (II), have been shown to be readily incorporated by various tissues and lipoproteins in rabbits maintained on diets supplemented with these fluorophores. Human erythrocytes and lipoproteins were also found to incorporate I and II in vitro under physiological conditions. The thermotropic behavior of the lipoproteins and erythrocyte membranes labeled with sterols I and II was evaluated using temperature-dependent fluorescence polarization and/or fluorescence intensity spectra. Erythrocyte ghosts, fluorescently labeled in vivo (rabbit) or in vitro (rabbit and human), were found to undergo a reversible thermally induced transition at 24 +/- 2 degrees C. A similar transition occurring at higher temperatures was also observed in fluorescently labeled human and rabbit LDL particles. Furthermore, the transition temperatures and relative microviscosities of the in vivo labeled rabbit LDL particles were found to be dependent upon the amount of sterol present in the rabbits' diet. No evidence of a similar thermotropic transition was observed in any of the HDL particles. These results are discussed in terms of a thermotropic reordering of cholesterol clusters existing in the erythrocyte membrane and of the cholesteryl ester core present within the low density lipoprotein particle.     

Differences and similarities in adjuvant chemotherapy in mouse and man

Supernatants obtained after incubation of tumor patient lymphocytes with the homologous tumor-associated antigen (TAA) elicit adherence inhibition in normal guinea pig peritoneal cells. From 37 tested patients with different carcinomas, the supernatants of 30 caused more than 10 per cent adherence inhibition (breast cancer 11/11, lung cancer 7/8, colon cancer 6/7, stomach cancer 6/11). Besides 40 healthy blood donors were tested to a panel of TAA. There was a reactivity more than 10 per cent only in 2 cases. The supernatants of 14 patients with nonmalignant disorders produced adherence inhibition more than 10 per cent in 2 cases. By incubation of tumor patient lymphocytes with the human encephalitogenic protein the supernatants of 19/27 patients elicited a positive reaction. The results suggest that anti-tumor immunity can be detected in an indirect heterologous adherence inhibition system.     

Protein phosphorylation and taurine biosynthesis in vivo and in vitro

Taurine is known to be involved in many important physiological functions. Here we report that both in vivo and in vitro the taurine-synthesizing enzyme in the brain, namely cysteine sulfinic acid decarboxylase (CSAD), is activated when phosphorylated and inhibited when dephosphorylated. Furthermore, protein kinase C and protein phosphatase 2C have been identified as the enzymes responsible for phosphorylation and dephosphorylation of CSAD, respectively. In addition, the effect of neuronal depolarization on CSAD activity and 32P incorporation into CSAD in neuronal cultures is also included. A model to link neuronal excitation and CSAD activation by a Ca2+-dependent protein kinase is proposed.     

Chemo- and baroresponses differ in African-Americans and Caucasians in sleep

To determine sleep effects on baro- and ventilatory responses to transient chemo- and barostimulation in African-Americans and Caucasians, 26 nonobese normotensive young subjects (13 African-Americans and 13 Caucasians) were studied awake and in non-rapid-eye movement (NREM) and rapid-eye-movement sleep during induced transient hypoxemia (N2), hypertension (phenylephrine, PE), and concomitant hypoxemia and hypertension (N2 + PE). Arterial blood pressure was recorded by plethysmographic volume clamp, minute ventilation by pneumotachograph, and arterial O2 saturation by pulse oximeter. For all subjects, chronotropic baroresponse (Deltapulse interval/Deltasystolic blood pressure, where Delta is change) increased with NREM sleep (P = 0.007). Baroresponse slope was greater in Caucasians than in African-Americans (ANOVA, P = 0.02). Hypoxemic ventilatory response (Deltaminute ventilation/Deltaarterial O2 saturation) was greater in African-Americans than in Caucasians in NREM sleep (P = 0.01), as was hypoxemic attenuation of baroresponse (N2 + PE, P = 0.03). These data suggest sleep-related differences in arterial chemo- and baroreceptor responses in normal young African-Americans and Caucasians, which may have implications concerning development of systemic hypertension.     

Interaction in systems Wc-Ni-Al and Wc-NiTi in sintering and impregnation

Translated from Poroshkovaya Metallurgiya, No. 5(317), pp. 77–80, May, 1989.     

Photoreactivation in bacteria and in skin

In many procaryotic and eucaryotic cells, photoreactivating enzyme mediates light-dependent repair of UV-induced damage: the enzyme binds to a pyrimidine dimer in DNA, and, on absorption of a photon (300-600 nm), specifically monomerizes the dimer, thus repairing the DNA. Photoreactivating enzyme has been found in human tissues and human cells in culture; human cells in culture can photoreactivate cellular dimers, and can mediate photoreactivation of Herpes (human fibroblasts) and Epstein-Barr virus (human leukocytes). Measurements of pyrimidine dimer formation and repair in human skin indicate that detectable numbers of dimers are formed at 1 minimal erythemal dose, that the dimers are rapidly removed in skin kept in the absence of light, and they are more rapidly removed when the skin is exposed to visible light.