LaNixSny金属氢化物电极的制备及性能

从电化学角度研究了含锡贮氢合金的贮氢性能，并对金属氢化物电极制作技术进行了探索。结果表明，用这种贮氢合金制成的电极容量达到３４０ｍＡｈ／ｇ以上，而且容易活化。采用颗粒细小的镍粉较粒径较大的铜粉好，导电剂用量１０％；采用混合粘结剂ＣＭＣ和ＰＴＦＥ，ＣＭＣ用量为０．４％，ＰＴＦＥ用量为１０％。     

包覆钯和镍后M_mNi_5基贮氢合金的电化学特性

测定了包覆１０ｗｔ％Ｐｄ－Ｎｉ后Ｍｍ０．９Ｔｉ０．１Ｎｉ３．９Ｍｎ０．４Ｃｏ０．４Ａｌ０．３合金，及由其制成Ｎｉ－ＭＨ电池的电化学特性。包覆Ｐｄ—Ｎｉ的贮氢合金电极２００次循环后容量仅衰减３％。负极为合金包覆Ｐｄ—Ｎｉ的Ｎｉ－ＭＨ电池在０．４Ｃ放电时的平均放电电压为１．２７Ｖ。在３Ｃ放电时的放电容量为０．４Ｃ时的７６％。     

包覆钯和镍后MnNi5基贮氢合金的电化学特性

测定了包覆１０ｗｔ％Ｐｄ－Ｎｉ后Ｍｍ０．９Ｔｉ０．１Ｎｉ３．９Ｍｎ０．４Ｃｏ．４Ａｌ０．３合金，及由其制成Ｎｉ－ＭＨ电池的电化学特性。包覆Ｐｄ－Ｎｉ的贮氢合金电极２００次循环后容量仅衰减３％。负极为合金包覆Ｐｄ－Ｎｉ的Ｎｉ－ＭＨ电池在０．４Ｃ放电时的平均放电电压为１．２７Ｖ。在３Ｃ放电时的放电容量为０．４Ｃ的７６％。     

气体雾化MmNi3.55Co0.75Mn0.3Al0.4微晶贮氢合金的活化

研究了机械粉碎对雾化ＭｍＮｉ３．５５Ｃｏ０．７５Ｍｎ０．３Ａｌ０．４微晶贮氢合金活化性能的影响。结果表明,机械粉碎使雾化ＭｍＮｉ３．５５Ｃｏ０．７５Ｍｎ０．３Ａｌ０．４微晶贮氢合金的活化周期大大缩短,从粉碎前的２５个周期缩短到粉碎后的１～３个周期。     

氩气雾化贮氢合金粉末的特性

氩气雾化贮氢合金粉末的特性氩气雾化粉末的特点是：（１）由于喷射的雾化熔滴以１０３～１０４Ｋ／ｓ快速冷凝，故偏析极小并且晶粒很细。（２）所得粉末系球状的，充填密度高。（３）粉末纯净度高。在生产ＡＢ５型贮氢合金ＭｍＮｉ３．５５Ｃｏ０．７５Ｍｎ０．４０Ａｌ...     

Co对MlNi4.3-xCoxAl0.7贮氢电极动力学性能的影响

详细研究了Ｃｏ 对ＭｌＮｉ４ ．３ － ｘＣｏｘＡｌ０ ．７（ ｘ ＝ ０ , ０ ．３ , ０ ．５ ,０ ．７ ,０ ．９ ,１ ．１ ,１ ．３） 贮氢电极的动力学特性的影响; 研究的动力学参数包括高倍率放电特性ＨＲＤ、交换电流密度Ｊ０ 、极限电流密度ＪＬ、对称因子β以及氢在α相中的扩散系数Ｄα。实验结果表明： 随着ＭｌＮｉ４ ．３ － ｘＣｏｘＡｌ０ ．７ 贮氢电极中Ｃｏ 含量的增大, 合金的高倍率放电能力迅速减小, 交换电流密度Ｊ０ , 极限电流密度ＪＬ, 对称因子β以及氢在α相中扩散系数Ｄα显著降低     

CO毒化LaNi4.7Al0.3贮氢合金的SIMS分析

应用ＳＩＭＳ方法对ＬａＮｉ４．７Ａｌ０．３贮氢合金被 ＣＯ毒化前后的表面进行了分析,结果表明： ＬａＮｉ４．７Ａｌ０．３贮氢合金毒化前 Ｃ, Ｏ峰不明显,毒化后 Ｏ峰明显增高, Ｃ峰明显出现毒化后生成了 Ｌａ－Ｃ, Ｌａ－Ｃ２和 Ｌａ－Ｏ的强键,并在合金表面形成了一层化合物薄膜,阻止贮氢合金进一步吸氢,导致 Ｌ３Ｎｉ４．７Ａｌ０．３贮氢合金吸氢量下降,吸氢速度降低．     

CO毒化LaNi4.7l0.3贮氢合金的SIMS分析

应用ＳＩＭＳ方法对ＬａＮｉ４．７Ａｌ０．３贮氢合金被ＣＯ毒化前后的表面进行分析。结果表明：ＬａＮｉ４．７Ａｌ０．３贮氢合金毒化前Ｃ,Ｏ峰不明显,毒化后Ｏ峰明显增高,Ｃ峰明显出现。毒化后生成了Ｌａ－Ｃ,Ｌａ－Ｃ２、Ｌａ－Ｏ的强键,并在合金表面形成了一层化合物薄膜,阻止贮氢合金进一步吸氢,导致ＬａＮｉ４．７Ａｌ０．３贮氢合嘛氢量下降。吸氢速度降低。     

贮氢合金

贮氢合金日本古河电池公司开发的新型蓄电池用贮氢合金，一是符合如下化学式的合金：Ｚｒ１－ａＴｉａ（Ｖ０．３３＋ｘＮｉ０．６５－ｘ－ｂＡｂ）２＋ｃ，式中Ａ代表Ｃｏ、Ｆｅ、Ｍｎ之中任选的至少一种元素，且０＜ａ≤０．７、－０．０５＜ｘ＜０．０７、０＜ｂ＜０．...     

Zr系贮氢合金晶体结构与电极特性间关系

ＡＢ２型Ｌａｖｅｓ相ＺｒＣｒ（０．４）Ｍｎ（０．２）Ｖ（０．１）Ｎｉ（１．３）贮氢合金经球磨非晶化处理后，相同化学成分的贮氢合金电极容量锐减，合金的晶体结构与其电化学放电容量密切相关．在晶态合金中，主要是Ｚｒ２Ｂ２（Ｂ＝Ｃｒ，Ｍｎ，Ｖ，Ｎｉ）四面体间隙的氢对电化学放电容量作出贡献，而在非晶态合金中，则是Ｚｒ３Ｂ，Ｚｒ４四面体间隙的氢．由于静电作用，都只有一半的间隙位置能容纳氢原子．非晶化处理导入额外的能量，以致降低合金中氢的电化学反应激活能．     

新型负极添加剂对MH/Ni电池性能的影响

用过渡金属氧化物作为ＭＨ／Ｎｉ电池的负极添加剂,研究了它对ＭＨ／Ｎｉ电池容量、放电电压、电池内压和循环性能的影响。加人２％的新型负极添加剂,可以在保证电池容量不受影响的前提下,使ＭＨ／Ｎｉ电池的放电中值电压升高约２０ｎＶ,以１Ｃ倍率电流充电时的最大电池内压减少０．４ＭＰＡ,并显著提高电池循环性能。以１Ｃ倍率快速充放测试徨４００次时,其容量保持率在９０％以上,放电中值电压变１．２１６Ｖ。     

Investigating the recycling of nickel hydride battery scrap

New nickel hydride alloys have been developed to replace the cadmium-containing negative electrodes of nickel-cadmium batteries. The new, cadmium free alloys promise enhanced electrochemical properties as well as reduced environmental toxicity. Rechargeable batteries using nickel hydride electrodes are strong candidates for electric vehicle applications. The U.S. Bureau of Mines is investigating hydrometallurgical technology that separates and recovers purified metallic components present in nickel hydride battery scrap. A preliminary investigation of acid dissolution and metal recovery techniques using whole batteries and electrode rolls has shown potential options that will allow the successful recycling of much of the battery fabrication scrap.     

Effect of surface modification of metal hydride electrode on performance of MH/Ni batteries

A novel method was applied to the surface modification of the metal hydride(MH)electrode of MH/Ni batteries.Both sides of the electrode were plated with a thin silver film about 0.1μm thick using vacuum evaporation plating technology,and the effect of the electrode on the performance of MH/Ni batteries was examined.It is found that the surface modification can enhance the electrode conductivity and decrease the battery ohimic resistance.After surface modification,the discharge capacity at 5C(7.5A)is increased by 212 mA.h and the discharge voltage is increased by 0.11 V,the resistance of the batteries is also decreased by 32%.The batteries with modified electrode exhibit satisfactory durability.The remaining capacity of the modified batteries is 89%of the initial capacity even after 500 cycles.The inner pressure of the batteries during overcharging is lowered and the charging efficiency of the batteries is improved.     

氧化物—空气半燃料电池用贮氢合金电极的烧结制备及其电化学特性

研究了应用在空气－氢化物半燃料电池上的制备配套金属氢化物厚型电极烧结技术，将贮氢合金与细镍粉和一定的添加剂形成浆料涂覆在泡沫镍基体，测试不同烧结参数对贮氢合金电极的电化学性能的影响，烧结电极合金的电化学活化特性和高倍率放电能力与传统的粘结式电极有较大的提高，为设计适合电动车用高能量密度空气－氢化物燃料电池，分别选用冲孔镍箔带，冲孔铜箔带和铜编织网作为集流体进行比较实验。结果表明，选定冲孔铜箔带是适宜于设计空气－氢化物燃料电池用厚型氢化物电极。     

重载变速冲击工况下MoDDP/CaB复合润滑油添加剂的润滑性能

为解决机械设备在恶劣工况下由润滑失效而导致的设备故障甚至安全生产事故问题,进一步提升机械设备的运行稳定性和安全性,研究纳米硼酸钙（CaB）和二烷基二硫代磷酸钼（MoDDP）单一润滑油添加剂和复合润滑油添加剂的减摩抗磨效果,并探究其润滑作用机制。研究结果表明,重载、变速、冲击工况条件下 1.5 wt.% MoDDP / 3.0 wt.% CaB 复合润滑油添加剂具有良好的减摩抗磨效果,与基础油相比,在不同转速下可最大降低 65.1%的摩擦因数和 80%的磨痕深度,施加 50 N 冲击载荷时,可分别降低66.7%的摩擦因数和76.5%的磨痕深度。MoDDP / CaB复合润滑油添加剂在润滑过程中能生成包含C-C、 Fe₂O₃、FeB 和 MoS₂的金属化合物层,添加剂中的 CaB 和 MoDDP 能够相互促进彼此反应,增加 FeB / MoS₂润滑膜的生成量, 对比单一的添加剂和基础油,复合添加剂具有更好的自修复性能和协同功效,形成具有高承载力的润滑油膜,提高了复合润滑油的抗磨减摩性能。MoDDP / CaB 复合润滑油添加剂的制备可以充分综合利用抗氧化剂与极压耐磨剂的稳定、优异润滑特性,研究结果可为复合添加剂的广泛应用提供数据支持和理论支撑。     

A new regeneration process for spent nickel/metal hydride batteries

Ultrasonic method was used to recycle nickel/metal hydride（MH-Ni） batteries under undestroyed state. The effects of ultrasonic on electrode material performance of MH-Ni batteries were investigated by using SEM, EDAX and XRD. The results indicate that with the ultrasonic time increasing, there are obvious dispersing phenomena in the positive and negative electrodes. This can make the inertia oxidation layer break off from the negative electrode, and the fresh surface comes out. These changes can increase the reaction centers of the active materials, as welt as improve the catalysis capability and discharge ability. But if the ultrasonic time is too long, it can make the active materials reunite and accelerate its pulverization, and lead to its degradation. The improvement of electrochemical performance for MH-Ni batteries is obvious by ultrasonic for 6 h continuously.     

Recovery of cadmium by high-temperature vaccum evaporation from Ni-Cd batteries

1　INTRODUCTIONPortableelectricityhasbecomeapartofdailyliving .Batteriesempowermanykindsof portableelectricandelectronicdevicestobeused ,butonthecontraryattheirend of lifetheycanharmtous .Ev eryyear 4 0 0millionpiecesofspentNi CdbatteriesproducedinChina[1,2 ] .Ifthespentbatteriesaredis cardeddirectlyintotheenvironment,soilandwaterare potentially polluted .Atthesametime ,largequantitiesofusefulsubstancesaredisposedwithoutrecycling .Therefore ,therecoveryandtreatmenttechnologiesofNi Cdba…     

Enhancement of Ti-Cr-V BCC alloys on the dehydrogenation kinetics of Li-Mg-N-H hydrogen storage materials

The hydrogen storage properties of a Li-Mg-N-H material doped by a 4 mol.% Ti₃Cr₃V₄ body centre cubic (BCC) alloy hydride and prepared with a ball-milling method were investigated by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy and Sievert’s technology test. The results show that the Ti₃Cr₃V₄ BCC alloy hydride/Li-Mg-N-H composite has good reversible hydrogen storage properties. The dehydrogenation kinetics of the Li-Mg-N-H system can be greatly improved by doping the Ti₃Cr₃V₄ BCC alloy hydride. The composite desorbed 4.1 wt.% hydrogen in the first 60 min at 473 K under 0.1 MPa pressure, but when without the BCC alloy addition, only 3.0 wt.% hydrogen was desorbed under the same dehydrogenation condition. It can be deduced that the Ti₃Cr₃V₄ BCC alloy uniformly distributed in the Li-Mg-N-H substrate could decrease the activating energy of hydrogen molecules to H atoms and increase H diffusion paths in the composite, enhancing the dehydrogenation kinetics of the Li-Mg-N-H system.     

钛催化氢化铝钠的贮氢性能

通过加入钛系、锆系催化剂以及碳等添加剂可以显著改善配位氢化物的吸放氢动力学性能,加入催化剂可以使配位氢化物的可逆贮氢量达3.1%~4.2%(质量分数)。采用机械合金化法在NaAlH4中加入钛的化合物作为催化剂,在很大程度上改进了其热力学和动力学性能,可逆吸氢量可达4.0%以上,可逆放氢量也能达3.0%以上。并对试样进行了X射线衍射、扫描电镜以及X射线光电子能谱分析,证明了可逆反应的发生,探讨反应的机理。     

Electrode characteristics of C14-type Zr-based laves phase alloys

The thermodynamic and electrochemical properties of ZrCr_0.8M_0.2NiMm_0.05 (M V, Mn, Fe, Co; Mm, misch metal) and Zr_1−χTi_χCrNiMm_0.05 (χ = 0, 0.1, 0.2) are investigated by measuring the pressure—composition isotherms using a Sieverts-type apparatus and the electrode characteristics of the Ni—metal hydride (MH) battery. From the results it is found that the substituted alloying elements Fe, Co and Ti are effective in modifying the hydrogen desorption pressure. When Mn or V is substituted for Cr, although it does not have a significant influence on these properties, the dischargeability at low temperatures and the rate capability are greatly improved. This improvement may be due to the increase in the surface area of the metal hydride alloy in the electrode, which is caused by the decrease in particle size or the dissolution of V into the KOH solution. On the basis of the effects of the alloying elements on the thermodynamic and electrochemical properties of ZrCrNiMm_0.05, the alloy Zr----Ti----Cr----Mn----V----Fe(or CO)----NiMm_0.05 is found to be suitable for the anode material in Ni----MH batteries. This alloy, which has the C14 hexagonal structure, shows high discharge capacities (300–370 mA h g⁻¹), good dischargeabilities at low temperatures and good rate capabilities.