贮氢电池的活化工艺研究

研究了贮氢电池活化工艺与电池初始容量、充放电比率、电池极化、循环寿命之间的关系。结果表明：在设计贮氢合金时适当添加预防裂纹形成和裂纹扩展的合金元素,有利于提高贮氢电池的活化性能。采用适当的活化工艺可以使贮氢电池达到最佳的放放电效率。在研究的最佳活化工艺：活化充电电流为Ic0．4C5A,活化时间为3．0h,放电电流为Id＝0．2C5A,放电终止电压为1．0V,活化次数为6次,经此工艺活经的贮氢电池的容量为246．9h/g,活化时的充放电比率为89％,经过450次充放电循环后,贮氢电池的容量下降28．1％。     

贮氢电池的充放电过程研究

研究了贮氢电池充放电过程与活化、温度以及充放电制度等多种因素之间的关系,探索了贮氢电池性能变化的内部原因。结果表明：通过对贮氢合金进行适当的表面处理,提高氢原子在贮氢合金中的扩散系数,降低贮氢合金裂纹扩展系数等可以提高贮氢电池的活化、低温、大电流、循环等充放电特性,从而提高贮氢电池的综合性能。这些结果对储氢材料及贮氢电池设计、工艺研究等提供了基础性资料及理论依据。     

长寿命的贮氢合金电池

根据国内外近期发表的专利文献，从调整负极成分，控制贮氢合金粉末的粒度，表面处理，改变电极结构及合适适宜的正极添加剂等方面，介绍了在延长贮氧合金电池寿命贩最新研究成果。     

多元稀土贮氢合金的制备

简述了用于制作Ｎｉ－ＭＨ电池的稀土贮氢合金的生产方法。选用陶瓷坩埚和水冷坩埚感应熔炼法分别制取了多元稀土贮氢合金锭,指出选用合适的陶瓷坩埚,带入熔体中的杂质均＜０．１％。若采用水冷坩埚可得到一次熔炼成份均匀、准确且不被坩埚污染的合金熔锭。文中还介绍了冷坩埚感应熔炼的工艺特点及所炼贮氢合金熔锭的分析结果。     

贮氢合金机械合金化制备的研究进展

机械合金化技术（MA）是一种制备材料的新兴工艺,用它可以制备一般方法难以制备的和性能优越的贮氢合金。本文详细概述了近几年来机械合金化技术在贮氢合金制备上的应用状况,并就今后机械合金化技术在贮氢合金制备上的应用研究提出了方向。     

Ni-MH电池负极材料贮氢合金的表面处理

综述了Ｎｉ－ＭＨ电池负极材料贮氢合金的表面处理方法,包括它们对合金电极（或Ｎｉ－ＭＨ电池）性能的影响、作用机理及其操作工艺。     

MH-Ni电池中稀土贮氢合金微结构的XRD研究

提出了分离微晶和微应力两种引起X衍射线条宽化效应的最小二乘方法。用该方法分析研究了不同工艺制备的贮氢合金的微结构,对比研究了MH-Ni电池中的贮氢合金在活化前后和循环寿命实验前后微结构的变化。结果表明活化对负极材料微结构产生重大影响;循环寿命实验后贮氢合金微结构的变化与循环条件密切相关。     

贮氢合金电极材料进展

简要综述贮氢合金电极材料三方面的最近进展：（１）双相贮氢合金材料（２）复合贮氢电极材料;（３）镁基非主钠米晶贮氢电极材料。     

Effect of surface modification of metal hydride electrode on performance of MH/Ni batteries

A novel method was applied to the surface modification of the metal hydride(MH)electrode of MH/Ni batteries.Both sides of the electrode were plated with a thin silver film about 0.1μm thick using vacuum evaporation plating technology,and the effect of the electrode on the performance of MH/Ni batteries was examined.It is found that the surface modification can enhance the electrode conductivity and decrease the battery ohimic resistance.After surface modification,the discharge capacity at 5C(7.5A)is increased by 212 mA.h and the discharge voltage is increased by 0.11 V,the resistance of the batteries is also decreased by 32%.The batteries with modified electrode exhibit satisfactory durability.The remaining capacity of the modified batteries is 89%of the initial capacity even after 500 cycles.The inner pressure of the batteries during overcharging is lowered and the charging efficiency of the batteries is improved.     

氧化物添加剂对Ni／MH动力电池低温高倍率放电性能的影响

研究了不同氧化物添加剂（CoO,CuO,LazO3,和Y2O3）在高倍率和低温放电条件下对负极性能的影响及机理。实验主要测试的性能有低温放电容量,高倍率（1C,3C,5C和10C）放电容量、充放电电压平台、循环寿命、循环伏安特性和交流阻抗谱,并且分别用SEM、EDS分析了极片的表面形貌和成分。     

Ni—MH电池电极活性物质利用率的研究

讨论了添加剂Ｃｏ粉和ＣｏＯ粉的含量、粒度与正极活性物质利用率的关系,研究了不同含量的Ｎｉ粉及ＭＨ合金粉本身的粒度大小对负极活性物质利用率的影响。     

Compositional optimization of vanadium-free hypo-stoichiometric AB2 metal hydride alloy for Ni/MH battery application

In an effort to reduce raw material cost and improve the charge retention characteristic of nickel metal hydride batteries, the Ti, Zr, and Ni-contents in vanadium-free AB₂ metal hydride alloys were optimized according to their capacity, charge retention, activation, high-rate capability, low-temperature performance, and cycle stability. A multi-component hypo-stoichiometric AB₂ alloy with a composition of Ti₁₀Zr₂₇Cr₈Mn₁₅Co₅Ni₃₅ was identified and compared to vanadium-containing AB₂ metal hydride alloys. Vanadium-free alloys provided better charge retention performance but with a trade-off in cycle life. The gaseous and electrochemical storage properties were correlated to both the average composition and the stoichiometry of the main AB₂ phases.     

Effects of iron phthalocyanine on performance of MH／Ni battery

Oxygen evolution causes a high inner pressure during charge and overcharge for MH/Ni battery, and an inappropriate eliminating way of the oxygen in the battery results in accumulation of heat. This is the main obstacle to develop and apply high capability and high power battery. How to reduce the ratio of the chemical catalysis rate to the electric catalysis rate in MH/Ni battery is considered as an urgent question. Iron phthalocyanine(FePc) was chosen as an electrochemical catalyst. The batteries were prepared by adding iron phthalocyanine with different dosages. The inner pressure, the capacity attenuation, the discharge voltage and capacity at high current of these three batteries were compared. The battery with 1 mg FePc in the negative electrode exhibits a good performance.     

Microstructure and electrochemical characteristics of nonstoichiometric La-rich AB_5-type alloy for Ni/MH battery electrode

The nonstoichiometric La-rich mischmetal (designated by Ml)-based hydrogen storage alloy with a composition of Ml(Ni0.64Co0.20Mn0.12Al0.04)4.76 was prepared by arc melting and annealed at 1173 K for 10 h to     

纳米结构尖晶石型锂离子电池电极材料的研究进展

综述了近年来纳米结构尖晶石型锂离子电池电极材料（LiMn2O4、LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4和Li4Ti5O12）的研究进展,重点对纳米结构与电化学性能之间的关联性进行了总结和探讨,并对纳米结构电极材料的发展前景进行了展望。     

Microstructure and electrochemical characteristics of nonstoichiometric La-rich AB5-type ahoy for Ni/MH battery electrode

The nonstoichiometric La-rich mischmetal (designated by Ml)-based hydrogen storage alloy with a composition of Ml(Ni0.64Co0.20Mn0.12Al0.04)4.76 was prepared by arc melting and annealed at 1173 K for 10 h to investigate the effect of annealing treatment on the microstructure and electrochemical characteristics of the alloy. X-ray diffraction analysis showed that annealing can cause a release of the crystal lattice strain and an increase in amounts of the La2Ni7-type second phase in Ml(Ni0.64Co0.20Mn0.12Al0.04)4.76 alloy. Scanning electron microscopy and electron probe microanalysis examinations indicated that annealing leads to disappearance of the dendrite structure in the as-cast alloy, growth of crystal grain, and decrease of composition segregation. The annealing at 1173 K for 10 h flattened and extended the potential plateau and inprovement in electrochemical characteristics was discussed based on the alloy microstructure change induced by annealing.     

液态金属储能电池中常用液态金属腐蚀研究进展

简要综述了液态金属储能电池中常用负极材料Li、正极材料Bi和Sb对与其接触的金属材料的腐蚀研究进展。根据近年来原子能反应堆以及液态金属储能电池等领域的液态金属腐蚀的研究成果,总结了金属材料在液态Li、Bi以及Sb中的腐蚀现象、腐蚀机理以及腐蚀影响因素,并提出了液态金属腐蚀的防护建议。