6-(P-2P-S)并联机器人误差分析及参数优化

介绍了一种新型6-(P-2P-S)并联机器人,为提高其终端平台的定位精度,对该并联机器人进行误差分析。首先采用矩阵法建立了该并联机器人的误差模型,将奇异值分解理论应用于误差分析,得到并联机构输入误差与输出误差的关系;然后依据雅可比矩阵定义了误差方向敏感度和误差绝对敏感度评价指标,并绘制了两个评价指标在姿态空间的分布图;最后基于全域综合位置误差评价指标对结构参数进行了优化设计,为该并联机器人的设计和应用奠定了基础。     

面向飞机自动化装配的机器人空间网格精度补偿方法研究

对六自由度KUKA机器人的定位精度补偿方法进行了研究。以激光跟踪仪为媒介建立机器人坐标系、工具坐标系和世界坐标系之间的转换关系,对于机器人工作空间内的任意定位点,将它在离线编程中的理论坐标与用激光跟踪仪测得的实际定位坐标之间的差异作为它的绝对定位误差。按一定的步长对机器人的工作空间进行立体空间网格划分,对于工作空间内的任一点,通过已划分的包围它的最小立方体网格的8个顶点的绝对定位误差进行空间插值来估算出该点的绝对定位误差,并将它逆补偿到理论坐标上用于提高机器人的绝对定位精度。试验结果表明,补偿前机器人的绝对定位精度为1～3mm,补偿后机器人的绝对定位误差的最大值为0.386mm,平均值为0.156mm,精度较未补偿前有了很大的提高,可以满足飞机自动化装配的高精度要求。     

三自由度平面并联微动机器人运动学模型及工作空间分析

运动学分析是并联机器人机构分析中的首要问题,是进行机构动力学分析、精度分析的基础,而全柔性微动机器人机构的首要目标就是精确实现所需的运动。介绍了平面并联微动机器人伪刚性模型的建立方法,并采用闭环矢量原理建立理论运动学线性模型,得到理论Jacobian矩阵,其次对该机构进行实验分析,得到工作平台的实验输出位移和方位角(Jacobian矩阵);然后用ANSYS软件对其进行有限元分析,得到有限元运动学模型(Jacobian矩阵值),最后通过MATLAB7.1软件对该机构的三种运动学模型进行工作空间分析,并进行误差分析,得到输出平台适用的运动学方程。     

数控机床误差补偿技术及应用——几何误差补偿技术

利用多体系统运动学理论,通过分析低序体阵列、变换矩阵和运动方程,在相邻体之间引入位置误差和位移误差,建立了机床空间定位误差通用计算模型。基于激光测量提出机床的２１项几何误差参数辨识模型。在ＸＨ７１５加工中心上,对机床的空间几何误差进行理论计算,并进行补偿前后的对比实验,结果表明机床空间定位误差减小５０％以上,同时也表明利用误差补偿技术提高机床加工精度是有效的。     

基于空间插值的工业机器人精度补偿方法理论与试验

随着工业机器人技术的不断发展,机器人在工业领域得到了越来越广泛的应用.针对机器人普遍存在重复定位精度高、绝对定位精度低的特点,提出一种改进其绝对定位精度的方法.以D-H运动学模型为基础建立机器人坐标系,并综合考虑机器人各关节参数引入的误差,建立机器人的位姿误差模型.利用该误差模型,通过分析相邻两点间定位误差之间的内在关联提出了定位误差相似度的概念,并在此基础上提出一种基于空间插值的工业机器人精度补偿方法.利用KUKA机器人对提出的精度补偿方法进行验证,试验结果表明,补偿前机器人的绝对定位精度为1～3mm,补偿后它的绝对定位误差的最大值为0.386 mm,平均值为0.156 mm,较未补偿前有了近一个数量级的提高,从而证明了该方法的可行性和有效性.     

工业机器人大负载刚度辨识及误差补偿研究

为精确辨识在大负载工况下工业机器人的关节刚度参数,首先基于雅克比矩阵的弗罗贝尼乌斯范数确定了机器人在关节空间和工作空间内的灵活性能,之后利用力矩等效的方法将负载和机器人统一建模,提出了通过直接计算关节变形量补偿变形误差的方法。利用激光跟踪仪和ABB IRB 6640机器人依次开展了几何误差补偿试验、关节刚度辨识试验和关节变形补偿试验。试验结果表明,该方法能有效地补偿机器人的关节变形,从而提高机器人的绝对精度。机器人大负载工况下的定位误差由补偿前的0.694 mm减少至0.230 mm,精度提高了近67%。     

基于迁移学习的铣削机器人定位误差补偿方法

空间网格补偿法是提高机器人定位误差的有效方法之一,然而由于所需采样位姿多导致误差测量环节非常耗时,为提高机器人定位误差补偿效率,提出了一种机理分析与数据驱动的铣削机器人定位误差补偿方法,基于迁移学习来预测机器人工作空间内不同区域的定位误差。首先建立机器人刚柔耦合误差模型,研究立方体与柱体工作空间内不同区域的误差分布特性;之后,考虑误差区域相似性将机器人工作空间分为源域空间与目标域空间,在源域空间基于分级采样策略将完备的机器人采样位姿及误差测量数据作为源域数据,对于目标域空间只需要将少量的采样位姿及误差数据作为目标域数据,源域数据与目标域数据均用于训练高斯过程回归模型,通过基于加权拟合误差的子空间对齐和自适应权重迭代方法提升迁移学习模型预测精度,根据指定机器人位姿参数预测并补偿机器人定位误差;最后,使用KR160铣削机器人系统进行了误差补偿试验以验证该方法的可行性和有效性,试验结果表明,经过补偿后机器人定位误差1.499 mm降低到0.182 mm,所需机器人采样位姿数目减少了70%,使用铣削机器人加工法兰孔,其轮廓误差和位置误差达到0.269 mm和0.331 mm,该方法可以提高补偿...     

工业机器人定位误差在线自适应补偿

受工业机器人本体结构几何及非几何误差因素的影响,机器人执行末端的实际运动轨迹与其理论规划轨迹往往不一致,这严重限制了机器人在加工领域的拓展应用。另外,通过研究发现机器人除在工作空间上定位误差等级存在差异分布外,在服役时间上随着机器人工作性能的退化也会显著恶化其定位精度。为解决该问题,提出了一种基于定长记忆窗增量学习的机器人定位误差在线自适应补偿方法。在该方法中,首先定量分析机器人定位误差与位姿的相关关系,将工作空间划分为多个位姿区块并创建校准样本库,建立了位姿映射模型的自适应优化机制以克服空间中误差等级差异分布的问题;然后设计了定长记忆窗增量学习算法,克服神经网络模型的灾难性遗忘缺陷,并平衡了在线模式下建立机器人新、旧位姿数据映射关系的精度和效率,解决了机器人性能退化加剧定位误差影响位姿映射模型适用性的问题,从而确保算法的补偿精度稳定在目标精度水平线以上;最后,利用St?ubli机器人和UR机器人对所提方法进行了精度在线补偿实验验证。实验结果表明该方法可将St?ubli机器人的定位误差从0.85 mm降至0.13 mm,将UR机器人的定位误差从2.11 mm降至0.17 mm,明显提高...     

混联机器人空间插值迭代补偿法研究

为提高混联机器人的定位精度,综合考虑静态误差与动态误差对混联机器人在整个工作空间内定位精度的影响;对误差补偿方法进行研究,提出一种空间插值迭代补偿法,通过最大允许误差控制迭代次数可以得到不同的定位精度,用以满足不同的定位精度要求;最后通过MATLAB仿真试验将此算法应用到新型混联机器人定位误差补偿当中,并与空间网格插值补偿法进行对比,验证了所提方法的有效性。     

基于激光跟踪仪的机器人误差测量系统标定

为了测量出工业机器人的定位误差,根据工业机器人定位误差测量系统的特点,采用基于距离约束的方法实现了了机器人Tool0坐标系与测量靶标坐标系之间的位置矩阵(工具坐标系)的自动化标定过程,同时分步实现了机器人基坐标系与测量设备基坐标系之间的位姿矩阵(基坐标系)自动化标定过程;建立了基于激光跟踪仪的工业机器人定位误差测量系统,并根据测量数据具体标定出了涉及到的各个坐标系,验证了算法的有效性,为工业机器人定位误差的测量打下了基础。     

Minimal Realization of Linear Graph Models for Multi-physics Systems

An engineering system may consist of several different types of components,belonging to such physical"domains"as mechanical,electrical,fluid,and thermal.It is t...     

INTEGRAL EQUATION METHOD＇S APPLICATION IN HOLE-EDGE STRESS OF COMPOSITE MATERIAL PLATE WITH DIFFERENT SHAPED HOLES

The strength of composite plate with different hole-shapes is always one of the most important but complicated issues in the application of the composite material. The holes will lead to mutations and discontinuity to the structure. So the hole-edge stress concentration is always a serious phenomenon. And the phenomenon makes the structure strength decrease very quickly to form dangerous weak points. Most partial damage begins from these weak points. According to the complex variable functions theory, the accurate boundary condition of composite plate with different hole-shapes is founded by conformal mapping method to settle the boundary condition problem of complex hole-shapes. Composite plate with commonly hole-shapes in engineering is studied by several complex variable stress fimction. The boundary integral equations are founded based on exact boundary conditions. Then the exact hole-edge stress analytic solution of composite plate with rectangle holes and wing manholes is resolved. Both of offset axis loadings and its influences on the stress concentration coefficient of the hole-edge are discussed. And comparisons of different loads along various offset axis on the hole-edge stress distribution of orthotropic plate with rectangle hole or wing manhole are made. It can be concluded that hole-edge with continuous variable curvatures might help to decrease the stress concentration coefficient; and smaller angle of outer load and fiber can decrease the stress peak value.     

Non-monotonic material contrast in scanning ion and scanning electron images

30 keV Ga⁺ focused ion beam induced secondary electron (iSE) imaging was used to determine the relative contrast between several materials. The iSE signal compared from C, Si, Al, Ti, Cr, Ni, Cu, Mo, Ag, and W metal layers does not decrease with an increase in target atomic number Z₂, and shows a non-monotonic relationship between contrast and Z₂. The non-monotonic relationship is attributed to periodic fluctuations of the stopping power and sputter yield inherent to the ion–solid interactions. In addition, material contrast from electron-induced secondary electron (eSE) and backscattered electron (BSE) images using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) also shows non-monotonic contrast as a function of Z₂, following the periodic behavior of the stopping power for electron–solid interactions. A comparison of the iSE and eSE results shows similar relative contrast between the metal layers, and not complementary contrast as conventionally understood. These similarities in the contrast behavior can be attributed to similarities in the periodic and non-monotonic function defined by incident particle–solid interaction theory.     

Application of Feature Extraction through Convolution Neural Networks and SVM Classifier for Robust Grading of Apples

This paper proposes a novel grading method of apples,in an automated grading device that uses convolutional neural networks to extract the size,color,texture,an...     

分布动态载荷识别的抗噪处理

针对正交多项式频域法在用多种响应对矩形薄板进行载荷识别中抗噪性较差的问题,综合运用平均法、矩阵预处理和奇异值截断法等方法对之进行改善,并引入空间映射的思想,将该方法的应用范围拓展为复杂的模型.利用仿真算例,证实了该方法具有较好的抗噪性.     

基于MELTAC-N平台的核电厂安全级DCS环网研究与测试

针对工程实践中环网通讯相关问题的处理缺乏理论基础及国产化安全级DCS平台的开发缺乏成熟经验借鉴问题,对基于MELTAC-N平台核电厂安全级DCS环网的软硬件实现进行了研究。提出了安全级DCS环网双环网冗余设计、光切换开关设计等硬件设计方法,以及以RPR协议为基础,采用全数据收发策略的软件设计方法。在CPR1000安全级DCS平台上对安全级DCS环网的可靠性及实时性进行了评价,并进行了容错能力、响应时间及响应时间稳定性测试验证实验。结果表明,基于MELTAC-N平台安全级DCS环网软硬件设计具有较好的容错能力及响应时间稳定性。     

Short-Term Relay Quality Prediction Algorithm Based on Long and Short-Term Memory

The fraction defective of semi-finished products is predicted to optimize the process of relay production lines, by which production quality and productivity ar...     

End-to-End Multiview Gesture Recognition for Autonomous Car Parking System

The use of hand gestures can be the most intuitive human-machine interaction medium.The early approaches for hand gesture recognition used device-based methods....     

The laboratory simulation of abrasive wear

Abrasive wear has long been recognised as one of the most potentially serious tribological problems facing the operators of many types of plant and machinery; several industrial surveys have indicated that wear by abrasion can be responsible for more than 50% of unscheduled machine and plant stoppages. Locating the operating point of a tribological contact in an appropriate operational ‚map’︁ can provide a useful guide to the likely nature and origins of the surface degradation experienced in use, though care must be exercised in choosing the most suitable parameters for the axes of the plot. Laboratory testing of materials and simulations of machine contacts are carried out for a number of purposes; at one level for the very practical aims of ranking candidate materials or surface hardening treatments in order of their wear resistance, or in an attempt to predict wear lives under field conditions. More fundamentally, tests may be aimed at elucidating the essential physical mechanisms of surface damage and loss, with the longer term aim of building an analytical and predictive model of the wear process itself. In many cases, component surface damage is brought about by the ingress of hard, particulate matter into machine bearing or sealing clearances. These may be running dry although, more usually, a lubricant or service fluid is present at the interface. A number of standardised wear test geometries and procedures have been established for both two- and three-body wear situations, and these are briefly described. Although abrasive wear is often modelled as following an ‚Archard’︁ equation (i.e. a linear increase in material loss with both load and time, and an inverse dependence on specimen hardness) both industrial experience and laboratory tests of particularly lubricated contacts show that this is not always the case: increasing the hardness differential in an abrasively contaminated lubricated pair may not always reduce the rate of damage to the harder surface.     

ANGULAR DISTORTION ALLOWABLE VALUE AND ASSESS METHOD OF WELD ON COKE TOWER

A graph as the new engineering method for estimate the safety of bulging deformation of coke tower is proposed. Through stresses analysis of circumferential weld of coke tower and comparing the stresses produced by pressure with heat stress of steady state, residual stress, bending stress produced by both itself weight and wind loads, it showed that the stresses produced by pressure on the angle distortion are the main factor of equivalent stress of the combined stress. After comparing four kinds of stress controlling conditions, the relation to stress with depth of angular distortion, grade of curvature of angular distortion and half of region of angular distortion has been inferred. Graph of deformation allowable value of coke tower for different condition by angular distortion and half of region of angular distortion has been plotted. The five steps for its engineering use have been explained. The lighter the grade of curvature is, the larger of bulge allowance, may be, and the bigger of depth of angular distortion may pose too. For the coke tower with a popular structure of Dg 5 400 mm×28 mm, the result by graph is nearly more than the result of two formulas formed by other research, the error is less than 7.0%. But, the graph can be easily applied to different size of angular distortion.