基于分段相关－视频积累方法的多驻留伪码捕获系统优化设计

针对载波多普勒下的伪码捕获问题,分析了基于分段相关-视频积累方法的多驻留伪码捕获系统的最优性能。推导了正交双通道检测器的检测概率和虚警概率表达式,给出了多驻留系统的捕获时间均值表达式;通过采用遗传算法对系统进行优化设计,增大了系统的多普勒容限,降低了捕获时间;分析了驻留级数、多普勒和载噪比等对捕获系统性能的影响。研究成果可用于指导扩频系统接收机伪码捕获模块的设计。     

Multiple Dwell Serial Search: Performance and Application to Direct Sequence Code Acquisition

The technique of multiple dwell serial search is described and analyzed. The advantage of the multiple dwell procedure is that the examination interval need not be fixed, allowing incorrect cells to be quickly discarded, which in turn results in a shorter search time than is possible with a fixed dwell time procedure. This type of search scheme is particularly useful for direct sequence code acquisition in a spread-spectrum communication system. An expression for the generating function is obtained from a flow graph representation of the multiple dwell technique. The generating function is used to develop expressions for the mean and variance of the search time in terms of the following parameters: the dwell times, the detection probability, the false alarm probability, and the false alarm penalty time. Coherent detector characteristics are then used to investigate the performance of the multiple dwell technique for direct sequence code acquisition. It is shown that the multiple dwell procedure can significantly reduce the expected acquisition time from that obtained with a single dwell system. The most significant improvement is obtained by using a two-dwell system. Additional but nominal improvement is gained when more than two dwells are employed.     

A dual-threshold up-down counter for GPS acquisition

In this work, the up-down counter detector for the acquisition of GPS signals is modified to use dual-thresholds for each trial. Closed form expressions for the mean and variance of the dwell time and the probabilities of detection and false alarm are derived. The new detector has a significantly smaller mean dwell time than the conventional single-threshold up-down counter and a lower dwell time variance when signals are weak. Further, the new detector has a low computational load, when compared to the optimal sequential probability ratio test (SPRT), whose main disadvantage is its computational complexity.     

Robust noncoherent PN-code acquisition for CDMA communicationsystems

We are proposing a new noncoherent pseudonoise code acquisition method for code-division multiple-access (CDMA) mobile communication systems. The proposed method employs two digital matched filters, and the code acquisition is based on a double dwell process. Through serial cascading of the dual-matched filters, the proposed code acquisition method does not lose the track of the incoming sequence even after returning from the false alarm state. This unique feature imparts on our design much desired stability. Moreover, the use of two matched filters increases the acquisition speed, which is of prime importance. One important issue in CDMA acquisition is how to determine the threshold values for optimal performance, the measure of optimality being the minimum mean acquisition time. In our performance analysis, we have derived the probability of detection and false alarm as a function of threshold values, then determine the threshold values that achieve the minimum mean acquisition time. Our performance analysis shows that the mean acquisition time is 35 ms at -15 dB input chip signal-to-noise ratio, much faster than the conventional active correlation technique     

Performance Analysis of the Clutter Map CFAR Detector with Noncoherent Integration

Nitzberg has analyzed the detection performance of the clutter map constant false alarm rate (CFAR) detector using single pulse. In this paper, we extend the detection analysis to the clutter map CFAR detector that employs M-pulse noncoherent integration. Detection and false alarm probabilities for Swerling target models are derived. The analytical results show that the larger the number of integrated pulses M, the higher the detection probability. On the other hand, the analytical results for Swerling target models show that the detection performance of the completely decorrelated target signal is better than that of the completely correlated target.     

Rapid Acquisition for Direct Sequence Spread-Spectrum Communications Using Parallel SAW Convolvers

In this paper, a technique is described which uses multiple surface acoustic wave (SAW) devices in parallel to reduce the acquisition time of a direct sequence spread-spectrum communication system. Analysis of system performance in both the search and lock modes is presented, and key quantities such as probability of false alarm, probability of correct detection, mean dwell time, and mean time to lose lock are derived.     

一种新的信号识别和扩频码捕获(SR/CA)算法

DS-SS系统中信号识别和扩频码捕获(SR/CA)会存在检测概率和虚警概率难以同时优化的矛盾,在分析现有SR/CA算法的基础上,提出了一种带有频偏估计的软SR/CA算法。通过引入高低双重判决门限和频偏估计校正环路,该算法在保持较低的虚警概率的条件下能提高信号的检测概率。数值仿真结果表明,软SR/CA算法结构相对传统的SR/CA算法能在检测概率和虚警概率之间取得较好的折衷。     

An Improved Adaptive Sidelobe Blanker

We propose a two-stage detector consisting of a subspace detector followed by the whitened adaptive beamformer orthogonal rejection test. The performance analysis shows that it possesses the constant false alarm rate property with respect to the unknown covariance matrix of the noise and that it can guarantee a wider range of directivity values with respect to previously proposed two-stage detectors. The probability of false alarm and the probability of detection (for both matched and mismatched signals) have been evaluated by means of numerical integration techniques.      

盖革模式APD激光雷达探测性能与虚警抑制研究

对基于盖革模式APD(GM-APD)探测器的激光雷达的探测性能和虚警抑制方法进行了研究。从系统原理与探测时序出发,研究了长死时间、回波脉宽大于时间数字转换器(TDC)分辨时间情况下目标探测概率与虚警率分布,分析了回波强度、脉宽、噪声与回波位置对目标探测概率与虚警率的影响;利用双探测器结构的探测模型,研究了双探测器结构在提高系统探测性能中的作用。研究结果表明:回波越强,脉宽越窄,噪声越低,回波位置越靠前,目标探测概率越高,虚警率越低,系统探测性能越好;对于双探测器结构,与逻辑可很好地抑制虚警;或逻辑可提高目标探测概率;使用与逻辑和或逻辑相结合的双探测器结构,可以获得更高的目标探测概率和更低的虚警率。     

CFAR处理中检测门限系数的研究

雷达系统在进行恒虚警处理时,通常采用的参考单元数是有限的。此时若采用理论的检测门限,将使虚警率大大增加。本文中我们通过仿真的方法确定CFAR中的实际门限系数,研究有限的参考单元数对虚警性能的影响。给出邻近单元平均恒虚警,选大恒虚警,选小恒虚警与加权单元平均恒虚警等四种检测器在不同参考单元数下的门限系数值。同时得出了不同恒虚警率下的门限系数。     

一种针对失配信号的可调自适应检测器

针对有用信号存在失配条件下的自适应检测问题,该文提出了一种新的参数化自适应检测器.对失配信号稳健的自适应匹配滤波器,或对失配信号敏感的双归一化自适应匹配滤波器都可以作为该检测器的一种特例,并可以利用参数控制检测器对失配信号的检测能力和对干扰信号的抑制能力.推导了该检测器的虚警概率和对失配信号的检测概率.计算机仿真分析表明,通过选择合适的参数,可以保证该检测器对少许失配的有用信号的检测性能,以及对严重失配的干扰信号的抑制性能.      

动态环境下数字化DS/BPSK接收机捕获电路

提出了一种全数字化扩频序列捕获电路,建立了接收机动态环境下捕获电路的数学模型,分析了多普勒频移、伪码相位差和信号载噪比对电路捕获性能的影响.提出了一种提高电路捕获性能的改进方案.分析表明改进后的捕获电路具有检测概率高和虚警概率低的特点,可有效地缩短电路的平均捕获时间.     

多用户跳时超宽带系统串行码捕获性能分析

根据超宽带系统多径延迟的特点,该文给出一种易于实现的超宽带跳时串行捕获方法;并在此基础上,着重分析了该系统在多用户环境下的系统捕获性能;最后通过理论推导和数值仿真分析了用户数量、检测概率、虚警概率、判决门限以及平均捕获时间之间的相互制约关系。从结果中看到,随着用户数的增加,检测概率将降低,而判决门限及虚警概率提高,串行捕获时间也将从微秒级增加到毫秒级。     

GNSS接收机信号捕获门限动态设置研究

在捕获的非相干积分环节后合理选取捕获门限的大小,是GNSS接收机信号捕获取得良好接收性能的关键,门限过小容易造成虚警,而过大的门限又容易造成漏警.首先介绍了信号捕获原理,然后通过分析待检测值的概率分布,结合信号的信噪比研究,得出了动态设置捕获门限的方法.     

脉冲多普勒雷达信号处理机中CFAR检测的仿真研究

CFAR检测器是雷达信号处理机中的重要组成部分。本文对脉冲多普勒雷达信号处理机中的CFAR检测器进行了仿真研究。给出了信号处理机中CFAR检测器的设计方案,对邻近单元平均恒虚警处理中的虚警概率、发现概率和恒虚警处理损失等问题进行了研究。分析了有限的参考单元数对虚警性能的影响,并给出了修正的门限系数。得出了不同参考单元数下的恒虚警损失,及恒虚警损失与相对门限系数之间的关系。得到了一定发现概率下所要求的信号处理机的输入信噪比。研究了信号处理机中其它部分对恒虚警处理性能的影响,如脉冲压缩对虚警率的影响等。     

Acquisition time distribution for spread-spectrum receivers

Serial search spread-spectrum code acquisition is analyzed. A modified flow graph is presented. It permits the use of a generalized lock strategy and allows the false alarm time to be treated as a random variable. The distribution of acquisition time is obtained directly by using an extended generalization of Bernoulli trials. Compared to recent work which uses a fixed penalty false alarm time, the analysis is more general and requires fewer assumptions and approximations. The analysis is suitable for both single dwell and multidwell systems. Examples are presented to show the effect on the acquisition time distribution of sequence length and normalized detection threshold     

MIMO雷达中单元平均恒虚警检测性能分析

针对高斯杂波背景,导出了MIMO雷达中CA-CFAR的虚警概率与检测概率的解析表达式,分析了CA-CFAR检测器在均匀杂波、多目标干扰及杂波边缘三种典型杂波背景中的检测性能。结果表明,CA-CFAR检测器在均匀杂波中性能较好,但在多目标干扰环境中性能严重下降。     

管道检测对IRST系统探测与虚警概率的影响

探测概率、虚警概率是衡量红外搜索跟踪系统性能的重要指标,其大小由系统硬件水平、检测算法设计等因素决定。通过分析影响红外搜索跟踪系统探测概率、虚警概率的因素,建立了管道检测与探测概率、虚警概率关系模型,研究了序列图像检测中管道检测对系统探测概率、虚警概率的影响。通过仿真分析了实验结果,系统总检测概率与总虚警概率分别随单帧检测概率与单帧虚警概率的增加而增加,在管道长度相同的情况下,总检测概率和总虚警率都将随需检测帧数的增大而减小。     

New formulation of GNSS acquisition with CFAR detection

This paper deals with the analysis of the acquisition process performed by a global navigation satellite system (GNSS) receiver with a pilot and data channel or in case of GNSS hybrid receiver. Signal acquisition decides the presence or absence of GNSS signal by comparing signal under test with a fixed threshold and provides a code delay and a Doppler frequency estimation, but in low signal conditions or in a noisy environment; acquisition systems are vulnerable and can give a high false alarm and low detection probability. Firstly, we introduce a cell‐averaging‐constant false alarm rate (CFAR) then a data‐pilot cell‐averaging‐CFAR detector fusion based to deal with these situations. In this context, we use a new mathematical derivation to develop a closed‐form analytic expressions for the probabilities of detection and false alarm. The performances of the proposed detector are evaluated and compared with a non‐CFAR case through an analytical and numerical results validated by Mont Carlo simulations. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

一种航迹恒虚警的目标检测跟踪一体化算法

对于传统雷达系统,目标检测和目标跟踪通常被看作是两个独立的过程。然而,在跟踪阶段,可以获得目标位置信息(跟踪信息),将该信息反馈至目标检测器将有助于提升检测性能。为此,该文提出一种航迹恒虚警的目标检测跟踪一体化算法。首先根据目标跟踪信息和目标运动模型,建立预测波门;然后按照给定的航迹虚警概率,计算帧虚警概率,即预测波门内至少出现一个虚警的概率;最终根据帧虚警概率调整预测波门内的检测门限,完成目标检测过程。仿真实验表明,该算法可以大大提高目标检测概率,推远目标跟踪距离,同时也可以保证目标突然消失时航迹能够以较高的概率结束。