传感器用离子镀Cr/AlCr(Si)N涂层的组织和反射率

以Ni-11Cr合金作为基材,采用多弧离子镀工艺在其表面制备Cr/AlCrN与Cr/AlCrSiN涂层,并对其在700~900 ℃温度下进行真空热处理,研究热处理温度及Si元素对Cr/AlCr(Si)N涂层组织和红外反射率的影响。结果表明:真空热处理后两涂层形成了Cr₂O₃与Al₂CrO₃的特征峰,900 ℃热处理后,氧化物晶体结构特征衍射峰明显增加。两种涂层的组织呈柱状形态,在Cr/AlCrN涂层中存在许多hcp-CrN纳米晶;Cr/AlCrSiN涂层中形成了粒径尺寸均匀的hcp-AlN纳米晶。真空热处理温度越高,两个涂层红外稳定反射率越大,Ni扩散系数和热处理温度之间呈现单调增加的变化趋势,Cr/AlCrN涂层具有更优异的低红外稳定反射率,Cr/AlCrSiN涂层具备高的红外稳定反射率。     

Au/Al_2O_3层状复合纳米涂层的制备及其抗氧化性能(英文)

采用磁控溅射法成功制备Al2O3/Au层状复合纳米涂层,所制备的涂层结构致密且由Al2O3层和Au层交替组成。采用高温循环氧化实验对复合涂层在不锈钢基体上的高温抗氧化性能进行分析评价。结果表明:Al2O3/Au层状复合纳米涂层极大地改善不锈钢基体的抗氧化和抗剥落性能。其抗氧化机理与涂层能够有效地抑制氧向合金基体的扩散并促进不锈钢基体中Cr元素的选择性氧化有关;抗剥落机理可归因于复合涂层中的Au层和纳米结构的Al2O3层能够有效地松弛高温热循环过程中产生的热应力,从而提高涂层的抗剥落性能。     

AlCrBN/AlCrSiN纳米晶多层复合涂层的制备及其性能

目的制备高硬度、高耐磨性、自润滑及高热稳定性的AlCrBN/AlCrSiN纳米晶多层复合涂层,探索涂层的微观结构、力学性能、耐磨性能及高温热稳定性能。方法采用多弧离子镀技术在WC-Co硬质合金以及不锈钢基底上,制备AlCrBN/AlCrSiN多层纳米晶复合涂层。采用扫描电子显微镜、X射线衍射、透射电子显微镜、纳米压痕仪等设备,对涂层在不同温度(600~1000℃)下退火前后的表面形貌、微观结构、力学性能、耐磨性能进行系统研究。结果AlCrSiN/AlCrBN涂层为典型的纳米晶复合多层结构,涂层主要由fcc-AlCrN纳米晶镶嵌在非晶的SiNx和BNx中并形成多层结构。涂层具有优异的热稳定性能,其结构能够保持到800℃不发生变化,当温度增加到900℃时,涂层发生调幅分解,形成c-AlN、hcp-AlN和Cr2N等复合结构,在1000℃退火后,涂层结构基本稳定,仍能检测到CrN相。涂层纳米硬度及平均摩擦因数分别为29.15 GPa和0.67。结论AlCrSiN/AlCrBN涂层具有优异的力学性能、耐磨性能及高温热稳定性能,在800℃以下保持稳定,在1000℃退火后仍能保持较高的硬度及良好的耐磨性能,在高速切削刀具中具有良好的应用前景。     

溅射Ni16Co26Cr10Al纳米晶涂层的1000℃抗氧化性能

利用磁控溅射技术在铸造Ni16Co26Cr10Al合金上溅射了相同成分的纳米晶涂层.1000℃氧化试验结果表明由于溅射Ni16Co26Cr10Al纳米晶涂层晶粒尺寸细小,促进了保护性氧化物形成元素Al向氧化前沿的快速扩散和保护性Al2O3层的快速形成,使得溅射Ni16Co26Cr10Al纳米晶涂层表现出比M38合金更优异的抗氧化性能.     

占空比对脉冲电弧离子镀AlCrSiN涂层热稳定性和抗氧化性的影响

采用脉冲和直流电弧离子镀技术制备AlCrSiN涂层,研究占空比对涂层结构和性能的影响。采用扫描电镜观测涂层的生长形貌和化学成分,利用XRD分析涂层的相组成,结合光电子能谱技术分析涂层中元素化学键价,并通过纳米压痕法检测涂层的硬度和弹性模量。此外,对涂层进行真空退火和氧化处理,以评价涂层的高温结构和力学稳定性以及抗氧化性。结果表明：AlCrSiN涂层均为非晶Si₃N₄包裹纳米晶（Al, Cr）N的纳米复合结构;脉冲电弧沉积可以改善涂层的表面质量、提高组织致密性和硬度。占空比为1%时,AlCrSiN涂层具有最小的表面粗糙度（47 nm）和最高的硬度（31.5 GPa）。AlCrSiN涂层具有良好的热稳定性,950℃退火后其硬度仍高于30 GPa。AlCrSiN涂层的抗氧化温度超过1000℃;占空比的增加涂层的抗氧化性略有提升。     

镍基高温合金GH202表面纳米陶瓷涂层抗高温氧化性能研究

为了弥补高温合金抗高温氧化性能的不足,解决高温力学性能与抗高温氧化性之间的矛盾,在高温合金GH202合金表面增加含纳米高温陶瓷涂层CXM98-1,通过氧化动力学实验和能谱分析技术对涂层/基体合金体系的抗高温氧化性能进行了研究.实验结果得出:含纳米陶瓷涂层能有效的阻滞合金的高温氧化进程,极大的提高了合金的耐高温抗氧化性能.不论有无涂层,在900℃长时间扩散退火过程中,氧均通过涂层或金属表面向基体合金进行扩散,基体合金中的Cr、Al元素向涂层/基体合金界面上坡扩散,环境中氧原子通过涂层向基体合金扩散,在界面处靠涂层一侧主要形成Cr2O3扩散层,界面的基体一侧主要形成Al2O3晶间氧化层;有涂层与无涂层试样的区别在于氧的扩散速率和扩散通量存在快慢、大小的差别.     

大气条件下AlCrON基光谱选择性吸收涂层的热稳定性

设计并制备了Cr/AlCrN/AlCrON/AlCrO光谱选择性吸收涂层,利用GIXRD、SEM、AFM和TEM研究了退火过程中涂层微结构的演变规律。结果表明,该涂层在大气条件下、500℃退火1000 h后,其吸收率由退火前的0.910提高至0.922,发射率由退火前的0.151降低至0.114,表现出优异的热稳定性。微观组织分析表明,AlCrN和AlCrON吸收层在退火过程中发生了部分晶化,形成了氮化物纳米颗粒,这可以增加对光的反射和散射,有助于提高涂层的吸收率;退火后AlCrO减反射层中则形成了少量的Cr₂O₃和Al₂O₃纳米颗粒,可以减少涂层表面对太阳光的反射,有助于降低涂层的发射率。同时,退火过程中Al原子向纳米颗粒表面偏聚,并在大气环境下发生氧化形成Al₂O₃层覆盖在纳米颗粒表面,能够起到阻止纳米颗粒长大的作用,这对于维持AlCrON基光谱选择性吸收涂层微结构和光学性能的稳定性具有重要的作用。此外,涂层中的非晶基体在退火处理中仅发生结构弛豫,并且由于非晶中的原子扩散非常缓慢,有助于抑制高温条件下涂层中纳米颗粒的扩散,保证纳米颗粒不发生团聚。     

溅射Ni32Co23Cr8Al2Si纳米晶涂层900℃氧化性能

利用磁控溅射技术在铸造Ni32Co23Cr8A12Si合金上溅射了相同成分的纳米晶涂层.900℃氧化试验结果表明溅射Ni32Co23Cr8A12Si纳米晶涂层由于晶粒尺寸细小,促进了保护性氧化物形成元素Al向氧化前沿的快速扩散和保护性A12O3层的快速形成,使得溅射Ni32Co23Cr8A12Si纳米晶涂层表现出更优异的抗氧化性能.     

炭/炭复合材料表面SiC/ZrSiO4-SiO2复合涂层的抗氧化性能与红外发射特性研究

为提高炭/炭(C/C)复合材料的高温抗氧化性能并降低其红外发射率,采用包埋–刷涂法在其表面制备了SiC/ZrSiO_4-SiO_2复合涂层。借助XRD、SEM等表征分析了涂层的成分与微观结构,并研究了SiC/ZrSiO_4-SiO_2复合涂层包覆C/C复合材料在1500℃动态空气条件下的抗氧化性能,以及在90和500℃下的红外发射率。结果表明:由疏松结构SiC内涂层和镶嵌结构ZrSiO_4-SiO_2外涂层组成的SiC/ZrSiO_4-SiO_2复合涂层具有优异的抗氧化性能,在1500℃流动空气(0.6 L/min)等温氧化条件下氧化50 h后试样的氧化失重率仅为0.03%。在C/C复合材料表面制备SiC/ZrSiO_4-SiO_2复合涂层后其红外发射率明显降低,并随温度升高而越低。复合涂层包覆试样在90℃时3~5μm和8~14μm波段的平均红外发射率分别为0.55和0.66;在500℃时3~5μm和8~14μm波段的平均红外发射率分别为0.48和0.62。SiC/ZrSiO_4-SiO_2复合涂层包覆C/C复合材料可作为优良的低红外发射率高温热结构材料应用于航空航天领域。     

AlCr(Si)N和CrAl(Si)N涂层对TiAl合金900℃循环氧化性能的影响EI北大核心CSCD

TiAl合金作为新型高温结构材料在航空航天和汽车工业领域已获应用,然而在850℃及以上温度服役时抗氧化性不足,施加氮化物涂层在提高TiAl合金抗氧化性和耐磨性等综合性能方面独具优势,目前关于氮化物涂层对TiAl基合金抗氧化性影响的研究有限。采用多弧离子镀方法在TiAl合金表面分别制备AlCrN涂层、AlCrSiN涂层、CrAlN涂层和CrAlSiN涂层,研究涂层对TiAl合金900℃循环氧化行为的影响。XRD结果表明,AlCrN和AlCrSiN涂层主要呈现AlN结构,而CrAlN和CrAlSiN涂层为CrN结构。在AlCrSiN和CrAlSiN涂层中,Si可能固溶于晶格中形成(Al,Cr,Si)N和(Cr,Al,Si)N固溶体。在900℃经过300个周期的循环氧化,AlCrN和AlCrSiN涂层表面氧化膜主要由Al2O3组成,热循环过程中涂层中形成大量裂纹。CrAlN和CrAlSiN涂层表面氧化膜主要由Cr_(2)O_(3)组成,连续致密,无开裂剥落。其中CrAlN涂层表面Cr_(2)O_(3)膜下面形成了Al的内氧化物,其氧化增重高于CrAlSiN涂层。此外,CrAlN和CrAlSiN涂层均与TiAl合金发生较严重的互扩散,在CrAlN/TiAl界面和CrAlSiN/TiAl界面处形成较厚的互扩散层。可见,CrAlN和CrAlSiN涂层显著提高了TiAl合金的抗高温氧化性能,而涂层中Si的添加使得涂层抗氧化性得到进一步的提升。研究结果可为TiAl合金施加氮化物涂层高温防护提供潜在可能。     

钼合金Si-Cr-Ti-SiC-MnO2涂层的制备与组织性能

目的提高钼合金表面红外辐射性能与高温抗氧化性能。方法将40%Si、20%Cr、5%Ti、5%SiC、30%Mn O_2五种粉末与酒精、粘结剂按比例混合,经高能球磨6 h后制得均匀悬浮的料浆。采用浸涂工艺对预处理的钼合金试样进行料浆涂覆,在1450℃真空烧结0.5 h后制得黑色涂层试样。通过1550℃高温静态氧化试验和高温粒子薄片红外光谱综合实验系统,分别评价涂层抗氧化性能和红外辐射性能,并通过扫描电镜(SEM)、能谱分析(EDS)、X射线衍射仪(XRD)对涂层氧化前后的形貌与组织结构进行分析。结果钼合金Si-Cr-Ti-SiC-Mn O_2涂层在700、900℃的法向发射率分别达0.85、0.88,在1550℃高温有氧环境下的静态抗氧化寿命达7 h。原始涂层呈四层复合梯度结构,由外到内分别为SiO_2+Mn3O_4+M5Si3(M指Mo、Cr、Ti)、M5Si3+Mo Si2+SiC+Mn3O_4、Mo Si2、Mo5Si3。高温氧化后,涂层四层复合结构由外到内转变为SiO_2+(Cr,Ti)5Si3+Mn Cr2O_4+Mn3O_4、M5Si3+SiC+Mn Cr2O_4+Mn3O_4、Mo Si2、M5Si3。高温氧化过程中,MSi2高硅化物层逐渐转变为M5Si3低硅化物层,涂层表面形成含Mn Cr2O_4尖晶石相和复合硅化物的致密SiO_2玻璃膜。结论 Si-Cr-Ti-SiC-Mn O_2涂层可有效提高钼合金基体的红外辐射性能和高温抗氧化性能,复合硅化物与硅锰复杂氧化物具有良好的抗氧化性能、高辐射性能和自愈合性能。     

Oxidation tuning in AlCrN coatings

In this work, we have studied the influence of the coating design and composition on the oxidation behavior of Al_xCr_1−xN (x = 0.70) coatings. In particular, we have studied the effect brought about by the deposition of an additional subsurface titanium nitride barrier layer as well as by the doping of the AlCrN-based coatings by tungsten, boron and silicon. The coatings studied have been deposited using the cathodic arc vacuum (CAV) technique. The multilayered AlCrN/TiN coatings with TiN sublayer were oxidized in air at 900 °C over 3 h and then analyzed by Glow Discharge Optical Emission Spectroscopy (GDOES) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Oxidation tests were performed in air at 900 and 1100 °C for the AlCrN and AlCrWN, AlCrSiN, and AlCrBN coatings. In each case weight gain was measured and the surface morphology of the oxidized samples were studied using Secondary Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (EDS). The results obtained showed that the oxidation behavior of the aluminum rich AlCrN-based coatings could be improved in two ways: (1) by controlling the chromium outward diffusion rate in multi-layered coatings and (2) by alloying the AlCrN-based coatings with Si. Both improvements are related to the enhancement of the protective oxide film formation.     

Properties of TiAlCrN coatings prepared by vacuum cathodic arc ion plating

TiAlCrN coatings were deposited by means of vacuum cathodic arc ion plating technique on TC11 (Ti-6.5 Al-3.5 Mo-1.5 Zr-0.3Si) titanium alloy substrates. The composition, phase structure, mechanical performance, and oxidation-resistance of the nitride coatings were investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), atomic force microscope (AFM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), auger electron spectroscopy (AES), and X-ray photoelectron microscopy (XPS). A new process for preparing protective coatings of the titanium alloy is successfully acquired. The experimental results indicate that the added element chromium in the TiAlN coatings make a contribution to form the (220) preferred direction. The phases of the coatings are composed of (Ti, Al)N and (Ti, Cr)N. After 700℃ and 800℃ oxidation, AES analysis shows that the diffusion distribution of the TiAlCrN coatings emerges a step shape. From the outside to the inner, the concentrations of O, Al, and Cr reduce, but those of Ti and N increase. The Al-rich oxide is formed on the surface of the coatings, and the mixed structure of Ti-rich and Cr-rich oxides is formed in the internal layer. The oxidation resistance of the TiAlCrN coatings is excellent at the range of 700 to 800℃. Adhesion wear is the dominant mechanical characteristic for the titanium alloy at room temperature, and the protective coatings with high hardness can improve the mechanical properties of the titanium alloy. The wear resistance of the TC11 alloy is considerably improved by the TiAlCrN coatings.     

等离子喷涂 NiCoCrAlY / Al2 O3 高温固体润滑耐磨涂层的抗氧化性能研究

目的研究等离子喷涂NiCoCrAlY/Al2O3高温固体润滑耐磨涂层在850℃时的高温抗氧化性能和抗氧化机理。方法采用喷雾造粒、化工冶金包覆技术制备NiCoCrAlY/Al2O3复合粉体,并采用等离子喷涂技术在45#钢表面制备NiCoCrAlY/Al2O3复合涂层。采用SEM和XRD研究粉体和涂层的显微结构和物相组成,并采用马弗炉研究复合涂层在850℃的恒温氧化动力学曲线,通过研究氧化96 h以后涂层表面的组织形貌,探讨NiCoCrAlY/Al2O3复合涂层的抗氧化机理。结果 NiCoCrAlY合金层均匀致密地包覆在Al2O3颗粒的表面,包覆层厚度约为3~5μm。复合粉体的主要组成为Al2O3相和NiCoCrAlY合金相,没有其他杂质相的存在。等离子喷涂NiCoCrAlY/Al2O3复合涂层氧化动力学曲线分为大斜率直线、抛物线和系数几乎为0的抛物线等3个阶段。氧化96 h以后,涂层的氧化质量增量为4.9 mg/cm2左右,表面形成了一层连续的氧化物保护膜,经EDX分析,氧化膜层主要由Al,O,Cr和Ni组成。结论等离子喷涂NiCoCrAlY/Al2O3复合涂层具有良好的高温抗氧化性能,涂层中Ni,Cr,Al的氧化以及硬质相Al2O3的加入是涂层抗氧化的主要原因。     

Al/Cr复合涂层对Ti2AlNb合金抗热腐蚀性能的影响

目的改善Ti2AlNb合金在高温腐蚀盐环境中的耐热腐蚀性能。方法在Ti2AlNb合金表面通过双层辉光等离子渗铬及磁控溅射镀铝技术制备Al/Cr复合涂层,分析涂层热腐蚀前后的微观形貌和物相组成,并探究涂覆Na2SO4盐膜的试样在不同温度下(750、850、950℃)的热腐蚀行为。结果Al/Cr复合涂层组织均匀致密,且与基体结合良好,厚度约73μm,由表及里依次由Al沉积层、Al/Cr合金层、Cr沉积层、Cr扩散层四部分组成。经不同温度Na2SO4盐热腐蚀后,Al/Cr复合涂层腐蚀程度均显著小于合金基体。涂层试样经750~850℃Na2SO4盐热腐蚀后质量变化较小,850℃腐蚀增重仅0.525 mg/cm^2,而经历950℃、40 h熔盐热腐蚀后失重达到73.571 mg/cm^2,且试样截面出现剥离、脱落现象,Al/Cr复合涂层抵抗热腐蚀能力减弱。结论具有涂层保护的试样抗热腐蚀性能明显优于合金基体。Al/Cr复合涂层在750~850℃Na2SO4盐环境中具有良好的热腐蚀抗力,而更高温度段(850~950℃)的热腐蚀抗力下降。Al/Cr复合涂层在Na2SO4盐环境中良好的抗热腐蚀性得益于涂层中Al、Cr元素氧化形成以Al2O3、Cr2O3为主的混合氧化膜,有效阻碍外界氧气及腐蚀性介质侵入基体。     

High Temperature Oxidation and Wear Resistance of Y-modified Hot Dipping Aluminized Coating on SCH12 Steel

Microstructures,high-temperature oxidation and wear resistance of hot dipping Al-Si-Y coating on SCH12 heat resistant cast steel were investigated in this study.The aluminized coating was characterized by scanning electron microscopy(SEM),energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry(EDX)and X-ray diffraction(XRD).The results showed that the coating was composed of the Al-rich outer layer and the intermetallics inner layer.In the Al-rich layer,some Y-rich precipitates and Fe-Al-Si-Cr precipitates could be observed.The intermetallics layer presented three layers induced by the increase of Fe,Cr,Ni content and the corresponding decrease of Al,Si content.The oxidation tests were conducted in still air at 850℃for up to 100 h.After oxidation,a top oxide scale composed of mainlyα-Al2O3,Al5Y3O12 was formed on the steel surface.The intermetallics beneath the oxide scale consisted of mainly FeAl and small amount of Fe2Al5 and Cr3Si phase.The mass gain of the coated and uncoated SCH1steel is 0.45 mg/cm 2 and 0.57 mg/cm 2,respectively.The wear resistance was investigated using a high-temperature pin-on-disc tribometer at 650℃.The wear rate for the coated and uncoated steel is 0.45μm 3 /μm.N and 3.01μm 3 /μm.N,respectively.The high temperature wear tests and oxidation tests results demonstrated that the yttrium-modified aluminized specimen had significantly improved high-temperature wear resistance and equivalent oxidation resistance compared with the original SCH12 specimen.     

High-temperature tribological properties of CrAlN, CrAlSiN and AlCrSiN coatings

Cr-Al-Si-N coatings with high and low Cr/Al ratios (CrAlSiN and AlCrSiN, respectively) were deposited on WC substrates by cathodic arc and compared with a reference Cr-Al-N coating. The silicon content was close to 3 at.%. X-ray diffraction analysis showed that CrAlN and CrAlSiN coatings exhibited the cubic Cr(Al)N structure, whereas in AlCrSiN a mixture of cubic Cr(Al)N and wurtzite-type AlN was identified. All three coatings showed excellent thermal stability and oxidation resistance up to 800 °C. The tribological properties were evaluated by ball-on-disk tribometer in the temperature range 25-600 °C. Two materials were used as counterparts: alumina and 440C steel. Sliding against 440C steel balls led to the extensive wear of the balls and transfer of the ball material to the surface of the coatings. The coatings were not damaged. When sliding against alumina balls, the coating wear was low up to testing temperature 300 °C. At 400 °C, CrAlSiN coating was partially worn through. CrAlN and AlCrSiN coatings were almost immediately worn out at 600 °C. The analysis of the wear debris identified high-temperature adhesive failure of the coatings.     

Ti基与Cr基氮化物涂层的抗氧化性能

选用TiN,TiAlN,CrN和CrAlN 4种涂层材料,使用电阻炉对试样加热并保温,进行抗氧化性能实验,利用SEM、EDS和XRD获得了氧化结果。结果表明:Ti基涂层的氧化机制以O原子向涂层内部扩散为主;Cr基涂层的抗氧化机制为N原子和Cr离子向涂层表面的扩散所形成的微孔诱发的氧化;Cr基涂层比Ti基涂层具有较好的抗氧化性;Al的加入使得TiAlN与CrAlN涂层的氧化性能和高温后硬度提高,特别是CrAlN氧化后生成的致密Cr2O3和Al2O3混合氧化物使其抗氧化性能达到最优;氧化及涂层与基体的热涨失配使得几类涂层最终开裂失效;四种涂层的抗氧化能力为CrAlN>TiAlN>CrN>TiN。