热处理工艺对超音速火焰喷涂Al-Cu-Fe准晶涂层性能影响

目的 使用超音速火焰喷涂(HVOF)方法制备Al-Cu-Fe准晶涂层,研究热处理温度对涂层中准晶相含量和性能的影响以及封孔处理对涂层耐蚀性的改善。方法 以304不锈钢为基体和真空雾化Al-Cu-Fe准晶粉末为热喷涂材料,采用超音速火焰喷涂方法制备准晶涂层,并进行550～700℃热处理。利用透射电镜、扫描电镜、光学显微镜、能谱分析仪和X射线衍射仪分析准晶粉末和涂层的衍射花样、微观形貌、成分和相结构。分别使用显微硬度仪和电化学工作站对比测量304不锈钢和准晶涂层的硬度和耐蚀性能。结果 粉末中二十面体准晶相(I相)为主相,并伴生准晶类似相(β相)。经过超音速火焰喷涂后,涂层中I相和β相的含量分别为78.7%和21.3%,相组成与原始粉末接近。550℃和600℃热处理1h后,涂层中β相消失,I相占比进一步上升,并伴随Al₂Cu(θ相)产生。随着热处理温度继续升高至650℃,β相开始重新析出;当热处理温度升至700℃,β相占比增至13.5%。热处理后准晶涂层的最高硬度为674HV,为304不锈钢硬度(182HV)的3.7倍。准晶涂层经过热处理和表面封孔后,其在3.5%NaC...     

超音速火焰喷涂铁基非晶涂层的微观组织及性能

为增强海洋工程装备中关键部件的耐磨与抗腐蚀性能,采用超音速火焰喷涂(HVOF)技术在不锈钢基体表面喷涂Fe基非晶涂层。利用SEM、XRD和DSC等,对该涂层的微观组织、相结构及性能进行了分析。研究了喷涂中煤油流量、氧气流量、喷距对非晶涂层微观组织和性能的影响。结果表明,超音速火焰喷涂制备的铁基非晶涂层组织结构均匀致密,呈完全非晶态结构。喷涂工艺参数对涂层的显微硬度具有重要影响,在优化工艺参数下获得的显微硬度为912.1 HV0.3。不锈钢喷涂非晶涂层后耐磨性提高。     

WC/FeAl金属间化合物基金属陶瓷涂层的冷喷涂制备

采用WC/Fe/Al混合粉末,通过机械合金化制备40v0l％ WC/Fe(Al)固溶体复合粉末,利用冷喷涂沉积涂层并结合热处理原位反应制备了WC/FeAl金属间化合物基金属陶瓷涂层.研究了球磨时间对复合粉末相结构、晶粒尺寸及组织结构的影响,并分析了冷喷涂WC/FeAl金属间化合物基金属陶瓷涂层的组织和显微硬度.结果表明,机械合金化可获得WC陶瓷颗粒呈微/纳米多尺度分布的WC/Fe(Al)金属陶瓷复合粉末,球磨36 h的复合粉末基体相平均晶粒尺寸约为90 nm,冷喷复合涂层组织致密、多尺度WC颗粒在基体中均匀弥散分布,涂层显微硬度约为1060 HV0.3,涂层在650℃热处理后发生Fe(Al)固溶体向FeAl金属间化合物的原位转变,制备出了WC/FeAl金属间化合物基金属陶瓷涂层.     

喷涂温度对冷喷Ti/Al涂层组织结构和性能的影响

通过冷喷涂技术在350、450和550℃条件下将机械混合的Ti/Al粉末进行沉积获得3种Ti/Al涂层,通过扫描电子显微镜、X射线衍射表征Ti/Al涂层的微观组织形貌和物相结构,采用显微硬度计测量涂层硬度值,并对涂层的耐磨粒磨损性能进行研究。结果表明,3种涂层组织致密,其中以550℃喷涂温度条件下所制备涂层孔隙率最低(0.98%),且Ti颗粒不均匀地分布在变形的Al相中;冷喷后3种涂层物相与粉末相同,仍为Ti和Al两相;3种Ti/Al涂层的硬度值分别为(81.58±17.42)HV0.3,(82.4±28.15)HV0.3和(128.4±36.98)HV0.3。3种Ti/Al涂层的磨损机制为犁沟切削形式,其中以喷涂温度为550℃所制备的涂层磨损失量最小(13.93±1.21)mg。     

原位Al_3Ti/Al复合材料的冷喷涂制备及组织性能北大核心CSCD

以Al80/Ti20(mass%)混合粉末为原料,采用冷喷涂法在低碳钢上沉积致密的Al/Ti基复合材料,对其在不同温度下(400、450、500、550和600℃)进行热处理,获得原位Al_3Ti金属间化合物颗粒增强Al基复合材料。采用扫描电镜、X射线衍射仪、显微硬度仪及磨损试验机研究了冷喷涂Al/Ti复合材料热处理前后的微观组织形貌、相结构、硬度及磨粒磨损性能的变化规律。结果表明:冷喷涂Al/Ti复合材料的相结构与喷涂粉末相同,涂层组织致密、颗粒间为机械结合;Al/Ti复合材料在450℃热处理后其局部区域开始通过扩散反应原位形成Al_3Ti金属间化合物,而在600℃热处理后初始Ti颗粒已全部转变为Al_3Ti金属间化合物颗粒,同时,涂层内部颗粒界面间结合显著改善,从而获得原位Al_3Ti/Al复合材料。随着热处理温度升高,原位Al_3Ti/Al复合材料硬度先下降后升高,而其磨粒磨损性能则在550℃热处理后显著增加。     

热处理对铁铝涂层相组成及滑动磨损性能的影响

采用粉芯丝材和高速电弧喷涂技术得到的铁铝金属间化合物涂层 ,研究了 5 5 0℃和 80 0℃热处理对涂层相组成及滑动磨损性能的影响。结果表明 ,涂层的主要组成相是铁铝金属间化合物 (FeAl和Fe3 Al)和α Fe ,另有少量的Al2 O3 和Al。热处理后 ,一部分Fe3 Al将转变成FeAl,对涂层的显微硬度有明显的影响。剥层磨损是铁铝涂层的主要磨损机理。通过热处理提高涂层的显微硬度 ,将有利于提高涂层的耐磨性     

超音速火焰喷涂316L不锈钢涂层性能研究

采用超音速火焰喷涂技术(HVOF)在高强钢表面制备了316L不锈钢涂层,利用扫描电镜、显微硬度仪、电化学测试系统等设备对涂层金相组织、硬度、结合性能和抗腐蚀性能等进行了测试,并分析了WC-CoCr中间层对316L不锈钢粉末涂层结合强度及涂层界面的影响。结果表明:超音速火焰喷涂316L不锈钢粉末颗粒在喷涂中变形充分,形成较致密的涂层,并具有超过400 HV0.1的显微硬度;涂层具有较高自腐蚀电位,耐蚀性优于高强钢;涂层结合强度随着涂层厚度的减小、基体硬度的增加而提高;WC-CoCr底层可改善涂层界面结合,从而改善316L不锈钢涂层的结合性能。     

激光重熔双模态Al2O3-TiO2复合涂层的组织与性能

采用普通Metco 130粉末及纳米结构Al2O3-13％ TiO2粉末通过等离子喷涂和激光重熔复合技术分别在Ti-6Al-4V合金表面制备了激光重熔涂层.采用扫描电镜(SEM)和维氏硬度计等手段观察和研究了激光重熔前后涂层的微观组织和硬度.结果表明,激光重熔后,消除了等离子喷涂涂层的层状结构,获得了致密的重熔涂层,且纳米结构重熔涂层传承了喷涂态涂层的双模态组织特征.随着扫描速度的降低,涂层表面的致密度提高.纳米结构重熔涂层的硬度为1150 HV0.3至1750 HV 0.3,比重熔之前的喷涂态涂层约提高了60％.     

再生WC-Co复合粉及高耐磨性硬质合金涂层的制备

以WC-6Co废旧硬质合金块体和Co_3O_4粉末为原料,采用氧化-还原碳化法制备再生WC-12Co复合粉,将复合粉经过造粒和热处理制备再生热喷涂喂料,进而采用超音速火焰喷涂(HVOF)制备再生WC-Co硬质合金涂层,比较再生硬质合金涂层和商业购买热喷涂喂料制备涂层的显微组织、耐磨性及其机制。结果表明:当配碳量为16.70%(质量分数)时,再生复合粉的碳含量适中;制备的再生热喷涂喂料由WC和Co相组成,热喷喂料球形度好,粒径分布均匀,平均粒径为23μm;再生WC-12Co硬质合金涂层的结构致密,WC晶粒尺寸分布均匀。与商业化热喷涂粉制备涂层显微组织和性能相比,再生涂层的磨粒磨损性能明显优于商业喷涂粉制备涂层的,其根本原因是两者的磨损机制不同。     

原位Al_3Ti/Al复合材料的冷喷涂制备及组织性能

以Al80/Ti20(mass%)混合粉末为原料,采用冷喷涂法在低碳钢上沉积致密的Al/Ti基复合材料,对其在不同温度下(400、450、500、550和600℃)进行热处理,获得原位Al_3Ti金属间化合物颗粒增强Al基复合材料。采用扫描电镜、X射线衍射仪、显微硬度仪及磨损试验机研究了冷喷涂Al/Ti复合材料热处理前后的微观组织形貌、相结构、硬度及磨粒磨损性能的变化规律。结果表明:冷喷涂Al/Ti复合材料的相结构与喷涂粉末相同,涂层组织致密、颗粒间为机械结合;Al/Ti复合材料在450℃热处理后其局部区域开始通过扩散反应原位形成Al_3Ti金属间化合物,而在600℃热处理后初始Ti颗粒已全部转变为Al_3Ti金属间化合物颗粒,同时,涂层内部颗粒界面间结合显著改善,从而获得原位Al_3Ti/Al复合材料。随着热处理温度升高,原位Al_3Ti/Al复合材料硬度先下降后升高,而其磨粒磨损性能则在550℃热处理后显著增加。     

Microstructural Characterization of Cold-Sprayed Nanostructured FeAl Intermetallic Compound Coating and its Ball-Milled Feedstock Powders

It is difficult to deposit dense intermetallic compound coatings by cold spraying directly using the compound feedstock powders due to their intrinsic low-temperature brittleness. A method to prepare intermetallic compound coatings in-situ employing cold spraying was developed using a metastable alloy powder assisted with post-heat treatment. In this study, a nanostructured Fe/Al alloy powder was prepared by ball-milling process. The cold-sprayed Fe/Al alloy coating was evolved in-situ to intermetallic compound coating through a post-heat treatment. The microstructural evolution of the Fe-40Al powder during mechanical alloying and the effect of the post-heat treatment on the microstructure of the cold-sprayed Fe(Al) coating were characterized by optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and x-ray diffraction analysis. The results showed that the milled Fe-40Al powder exhibits lamellar microstructure. The microstructure of the as-sprayed Fe(Al) coating depends significantly on that of the as-milled powder. The heat-treatment temperature significantly influences the in-situ evolution of the intermetallic compound. The heat treatment at a temperature of 500 °C results in the complete transformation of Fe(Al) solid solution to FeAl intermetallic compound. This article is an invited paper selected from presentations at the 2007 International Thermal Spray Conference and has been expanded from the original presentation. It is simultaneously published in Global Coating Solutions, Proceedings of the 2007 International Thermal Spray Conference, Beijing, China, May 14-16, 2007, Basil R. Marple, Margaret M. Hyland, Yuk-Chiu Lau, Chang-Jiu Li, Rogerio S. Lima, and Ghislain Montavon, Ed., ASM International, Materials Park, OH, 2007.     

热处理对冷喷涂Fe涂层组织与性能影响研究

冷喷涂作为一种新型的涂层技术,在制备大部分金属涂层、金属陶瓷复合涂层方面有着巨大的潜力。本文采用冷喷涂在Al基体上制备了Fe涂层,并结合喷涂后热处理研究了涂层组织与性能特点。结果表明,所得Fe涂层的内部组织比较致密;受到喷涂过程中空气的影响,喷涂射流呈现亮流,所制备涂层表面有较大、较深气孔。在较低温度下热处理后Fe涂层的显微组织变化不明显,显微硬度明显降低;Fe涂层与Al基体之间形成约10μm厚度的金属间化合物层。     

Formation of NiAl Intermetallic Compound by Cold Spraying of Ball-Milled Ni/Al Alloy Powder Through Postannealing Treatment

Ni/Al alloy powders were synthesized by ball milling of nickel-aluminum powder mixture with a Ni/Al atomic ratio of 1:1. Ni/Al alloy coating was deposited by cold spraying using N₂ as accelerating gas. NiAl intermetallic compound was evolved in situ through postspray annealing treatment of cold-sprayed Ni/Al alloy coating. The effect of annealing temperature on the phase transformation behavior from Ni/Al mechanical alloy to intermetallics was investigated. The microstructure of the mechanically alloying Ni/Al powder and NiAl coatings was characterized by scanning electron microscopy and x-ray diffraction analysis. The results show that a dense Ni/Al alloy coating can be successfully deposited by cold spraying using the mechanically alloyed powder as feedstocks. The as-sprayed alloy coating exhibited a laminated microstructure retained from the mechanically alloying powder. The annealing of the subsequent Ni/Al alloy coating at a temperature higher than 850 °C leads to complete transformation from Ni/Al alloy to NiAl intermetallic compound.     

超音速火焰喷涂Fe基非晶/纳米晶涂层的组织性能特征

采用超音速火焰喷涂设备制备了Fe基非晶／纳米晶涂层，采用X射线衍射仪(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)、显微硬度计等对涂层的微观形貌、结构特征及显微硬度进行了研究。涂层由变形带状粒子、未熔颗粒及少量孔隙组成，涂层致密。由于该方法的冷却速度高，涂层中形成了非晶，后续涂层的加热使部分非晶转变为纳米晶。涂层的显微硬度平均为1084HV0.2，明显高于基体；靠近涂层的基体表面产生了加工硬化。     

Preparation of TiAl3-Al composite coating by cold spraying

TiAl₃-Al coating was deposited on orthorhombic Ti₂AlNb alloy substrate by cold spraying with the mixture of pure Al and Ti as the feedstock powder at a fixed molar ratio of 3:1 when the spraying distance, gas temperature and gas pressure for the process were 10 mm, 250 °C and 1.8 MPa, respectively. The as-sprayed coating was then subjected to heat treatment at 630 °C in argon atmosphere for 5 h at a heating rate of 3 °C/min and an argon gas flow rate of 40 mL/min. The obtained TiAl₃-Al composite coating is about 212 μm with a density of 3.16 g/cm³ and a porosity of 14.69% in general. The microhardness and bonding strength for the composite coating are HV525 and 27.12 MPa.     

粉末原料粒径对WC-17Co涂层性能的影响

本文利用超音速火焰喷涂技术喷涂四种不同粒径的WC-17Co粉末,评价粉末粒径对涂层机械性能和抗磨粒磨损性能的影响。结果表明,粉末的粒径越小,在超音速焰流作用下获得的速度和温度越高,形成的涂层越致密,颗粒间的粘接强度越高,同时涂层的显微硬度也越高。WC-17Co粉末的粒径越小,获得涂层的孔隙直径越小,颗粒间的粘接缺陷越少,因此涂层的抗磨粒磨损性能越好。但是当WC-17Co粉末的粒径过于微小时,涂层的断裂韧性将受到影响。在本文研究的四种粒径分布的WC-17Co粉末中,中间粒径且分布范围集中的粉末制得的涂层兼具良好的机械性能和抗磨粒磨损性能。     

The Effect of Heat Treatment on the Oxidation Behavior of HVOF and VPS CoNiCrAlY Coatings

Free-standing VPS and HVOF CoNiCrAlY coatings were produced. The as-sprayed HVOF coating retained the γ/β microstructure of the feedstock powder, and the VPS coating consisted of a single (γ) phase. A 3-h, 1100 °C heat treatment in vacuum converted the single-phase VPS coating to a two-phase γ/β microstructure and coarsened the γ/β microstructure of the HVOF coating. Oxidation of free-standing as-sprayed and heat-treated coatings of each type was carried out in air at 1100 °C for a duration of 100 h. Parabolic rate constant(s), K _p, were determined for free-standing, as-sprayed VPS and HVOF coatings as well as for free-standing coatings that were heat treated prior to oxidation. The observed increase in K _p following heat treatment is attributed to a sintering effect eliminating porosity from the coating during heat treatment. The lower K _p values determined for both HVOF coatings compared to the VPS coatings is attributed to the presence of oxides in the HVOF coatings, which act as the barrier to diffusion. Oxidation of the as-sprayed coatings produced a dual-layer oxide consisting of an inner α-Al₂O₃ layer and outer spinel layer. Oxidation of the heat-treated samples resulted in a single-layer oxide, α-Al₂O₃. The formation of a thin α-Al₂O₃ layer during heat treatment appeared to prevent nucleation and growth of spinel oxides during subsequent oxidation.     

大气等离子喷涂球磨Fe-Al合金制备FeAl涂层及其结构表征

FeAl金属间化合物具有良好的抗高温氧化和硫化、抗高温冲蚀性能与较高的高温强度,且密度小、成本低。将FeAl用作SOFC支撑体材料,不仅可提高SOFC的高温强度,而且可显著降低其制作成本。本研究采用机械合金化工艺制备了Fe–35Al粉末,通过大气等离子喷涂(APS)制备了FeAl涂层。利用XRD、SEM表征了球磨粉末及热处理前后涂层的微观结构。研究结果表明,通过大气等离子喷涂球磨粉末,可以制备出FeAl金属间化合物涂层,涂层经800℃热处理30h后,可提高FeAl相的有序度。     

热处理温度对AZ91D合金表面Ni-P-SiC复合镀层性能的影响

目的提高镁合金表面Ni-P-SiC复合镀层的耐腐蚀性能和耐磨性能。方法采用加入SiC微粒的Ni-P化学镀溶液,在AZ91D镁合金表面制备Ni-P-SiC复合镀层,并在不同温度下进行热处理,通过X射线衍射(XRD)、显微硬度测试、电化学腐蚀测试和摩擦磨损实验等方法分析和评价镀层的组织构成、显微硬度、耐腐蚀性能和耐磨性能。结果 Ni-P-SiC复合镀层经320℃热处理后,组织结构由非晶向晶体转变,并伴随有Ni3P相的析出。此温度下热处理的Ni-P-SiC复合镀层:显微硬度最高,可达1120HV,为未热处理时显微硬度(620HV)的1.81倍;自腐蚀电位为–0.697 V,较未热处理样品的(–0.727 V)有所提高;腐蚀电流密度基本最小,为0.984μA/cm~(–2);磨损体积最小,为0.324×10~(–3) mm~3。340℃热处理的复合镀层则磨损体积最大,为1.43×10~(–3) mm~3。结论在AZ91D镁合金表面制备的Ni-P-SiC复合镀层经过320℃热处理保温1 h后,复合镀层的硬度、耐腐蚀性能和耐磨性能均有所提高。     

高速火焰喷涂高质量NiCoCrAlTaReSiY抗氧化涂层

研究了用高速火焰喷涂(HVOF)替代低压等离子喷涂(LPPS)沉积高质量的MCrAlY涂层。试验用粉料为NiCoCrAlTaReSiY,采用以煤油为燃料的K2型HVOF系统沉积涂层,研究喷嘴长度、喷涂工艺参数对粉末沉积工艺过程以及涂层性能的影响;测量涂层的孔隙率及氧含量,观察涂层经真空热处理以及高温空气氧化后的显微结构,测量了Al、O等元素在氧化涂层中的分布。结果表明,所沉积的NiCoCrAlTaReSiY涂层具有优越的抗氧化性。