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Millar JG Grant GG McElfresh JS Strong W Rudolph C Stein JD Moreira JA 《Journal of chemical ecology》2005,31(5):1229-1234
The sex pheromone of the fir coneworm moth consists of a blend of (3Z,6Z,9Z,12Z,15Z)-pentacosapentaene and (9Z,11E)-tetradecadienyl acetate. Analogous blends of polyunsaturated, long-chain hydrocarbons with much shorter chain aldehydes
or alcohols recently have been discovered in three other moth species in the superfamily Pyraloidea. These combinations of
components from two distinct structural classes may represent an important and widespread new pheromone blend motif within
the Lepidoptera. 相似文献
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Drosophila Fed ARA and EPA Yields Eicosanoids, 15S-Hydroxy-5Z,8Z, 11Z, 13E-Eicosatetraenoic Acid,and 15S-Hydroxy-5Z,8Z,11Z,13E,17Z-Eicosapentaenoic Acid
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Drosophila melanogaster has been a widely used as a model system for its powerful genetic tools. However, it remains to be illustrated if Drosophila can be used to examine the biochemical and physiological metabolism of eicosanoids. Thus, the analysis on the metabolism of C20 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) in Drosophila was implemented with high performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC–MS/MS). Fatty acid (FA) analysis of the whole body, head, and thorax‐abdomen in Drosophila showed C20 PUFA could only be found in Drosophila fed diets supplemented with eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and arachidonic acid (ARA), but not in Drosophila fed base diets. The C20 PUFA were found in abundance in the head. Drosophila fed ARA‐ and EPA‐supplemented diets yielded 15S‐hydroxy‐5Z,8Z,11Z,13E‐eicosatetraenoic acid [15(S)‐HETE] and 15S‐hydroxy‐5Z,8Z,11Z,13E,17Z‐eicosapentaenoic acid [15(S)‐HEPE], respectively, while other sampled eicosanoids could not be detected. Similar results were obtained by incubating fly tissue supplemented with ARA or EPA. Furthermore, a genome sequence scan indicated that no gene encoding the key enzymes synthesizing eicosanoids were found in Drosophila. These findings demonstrate that Drosophila may possess a special lipid metabolic system, which is different from mammals. 相似文献
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介绍国产催化剂Z412W/Z413W首次成功地用在100kt/a甲醇装置上的情况。使用结果表明:该催化剂具有使用强度高、床层阻力小、转化活性稳定等特点;在装置高负荷运行的情况下,催化剂的各项性能指标满足生产要求。 相似文献
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Sex attractants for the geometrid mothsEufidonia convergaria andCaripeta angustiorata, and the noctuid mothRivula propinqualis have been elucidated during field screening of a series of (3Z,6Z,9Z)-triene hydrocarbons (C17–22), and the racemic and enantiomerically enriched monoepoxydienes derived from those hydrocarbons. Biologically active compounds were identified by a combination of field testing of synthetic standards, electroantennography, and coupled gas chromatography-electroantennogram detection.E. convergaria males were optimally attracted by a 11 blend of (3Z,9Z)-(6S,7R)-epoxy-nonadecadiene (3Z,9Z-6S,7R-epoxy-19H); other abbreviations follow the same system) with (3Z,6Z,9Z)-nonadecatriene (3Z,6Z,9Z-19H). The 6R,7S enantiomer of the epoxide had no apparent biological activity, either as an attractant or as a behavioral antagonist. Male moths also were attracted to blends of the C18 and C20 homologs of the triene and the epoxide. 3Z,6Z,9Z-19H and 3Z,6Z-cis-6,7-epoxy-19H were identified inE. convergaria female pheromone gland extracts. Males of the geometrid moth speciesC. angustiorata were attracted by a 11 blend of 3Z,6Z,9Z-19H and enantiomerically enriched 3Z,9Z-6R,7S-epoxy-19H. Males of the noctuid mothR. propinqualis were attracted by an approximately 101 blend of 3Z,6Z,9Z-19H and enantiomerically enriched 3Z,9Z-6S, 7R-epoxy-19H. The components were synergistic, with neither being attractive alone. The blend ratio was quite specific, as the attractiveness of blends decreased sharply on either side of the optimum ratio.Issued as NRC No. 30266. 相似文献
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Additines食用添加剂
食物和饮品内加入食用添加剂的目的在于增加食品的味道、香气和质感,添加剂可分为天然和人造两种.不少人对添加剂或人造色素有过敏反应,只是程度因人而异.平时要多留意吃过的饮品、乳酪、糖果、干果的颜色是否过于鲜艳,或吃过加工肉食后的反应,一些明显的不良反应如晕眩、面红耳赤、头痛或肠胃不舒服等.
…… 相似文献
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Each of 10 (Z,Z)-9,19 hydrocarbon dienes (28–37 carbons) found in female yellowheaded spruce sawflies,Pikonema alaskensis (Rohwer), was synthesized and found to be attractive to males by field bioassay. These dienes oxidize slowly in air, major products being aldehydes. One product common to all the dienes, (Z)-10-nonadecenal (Z10–19∶Al), and one from the 29-carbon diene only, (Z)-10-eicosenal, initiated flight and caused upwind anemotaxis in males in a greenhouse bioassay.Z10–19∶Al was incorporated into Hercon® controlled release formulations and was active in the field. The aldehyde could be useful for monitoring sawfly populations. 相似文献
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The biosynthesis of 3R-hydroxy-5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z-eicosatetraenoic acid (3R-HETE) from arachidonic acid (20∶4n−6) by the hyphal-forming yeast, Dipodascopsis uninucleata, in cell-free enzyme extracts required CoASH, ATP, NAD+ and Mg2+; 3R-HETE was present as the CoA derivative in enzyme extracts and its biosynthesis was associated with mitochondria. Its synthesis
was high from arachidonoyl-CoA (15% conversion of the substrate; 22 nmol mg protein−1·h), but significantly higher from trans-2-arachidonoyl-CoA (53 nmol mg protein−1·min). Aspirin, an inhibitor of prostaglandin endoperoxide synthase synthase (cyclooxygenase), did not significantly inhibit
3R-HETE biosynthesis in enzyme extracts, as opposed to antimycin A (46% inhibition). The chirality of 3-HETE was 95% R and 5% S. 3R-HETE has the same chirality as the products of peroxisomal enoyl-CoA hydratases of Neurospora crassa and Saccharomyces cerevisiae; the difference appears to be that in D. uninucleata the R-enantiomers are synthesized in mitochondria. Exogenously supplied eicosapentaenoic acid was converted to 3-hydroxy 5Z,11Z,14Z,17Z-eicosapentaenoic acid by cell-free enzyme extracts though there was no requirement for a 5Z,8Z-diene structure for the biosynthesis of 3-hydroxylated fatty acids as 3-hydroxy-8Z,11Z,14Z, and 3-hydroxy-11Z,14Z,17Z-eicosatrienoic acids were synthesized from the corresponding fatty acids. We found no evidence for the synthesis of the prostaglandins
F2α and F2. 相似文献
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针对裂解气双闸板阀在国内乙烯厂应用的实例和出现的问题,介绍了镇海乙烯裂解气大阀在阀组设计、现场安装、管线施工、日常维护等方面所做的一些尝试。目前,12台裂解气阀组总体保持平稳运行超过24个月,尝试取得阶段性成果。 相似文献
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对Z412W/Z413W新型催化剂在齐鲁石化公司第二化肥厂合成氨装置一段炉首次工业应用情况进行总结,认为该催化剂可以在大型合成氨装置推广应用。 相似文献
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Gibb AR Pinese B Tenakanai D Kawi AP Bunn B Ramankutty P Suckling DM 《Journal of chemical ecology》2007,33(3):579-589
The sex pheromone of the red banded mango caterpillar, Deanolis sublimbalis (Lepidoptera: Crambidae), a serious pest of the mango Mangifera indica (Anacardiaceae) in India and Southeast Asia and a recent invader into northern Australia, has been identified. Three candidate
compounds were identified from pheromone gland extracts of female moths, using gas chromatography (GC), GC-electroantennographic
detection and GC-mass spectrometric analyses, in conjunction with dimethyldisulfide derivatization. Field bioassays established
that both (Z)-11-hexadecenal (Z11-16:Ald) and (3Z,6Z,9Z)-tricosatriene (3Z,6Z,9Z-23:Hy) were required for attraction of male D. sublimbalis moths, and 1,000 μg of a 1:1 mix of Z11-16:Ald and 3Z,6Z,9Z-23:Hy was more attractive to male moths than caged virgin females. However, the binary blend was only attractive when the
isomeric purity of the monounsaturated aldehyde was >99%, suggesting that the (E)-isomer was inhibitory. Although (Z)-11-hexadecen-1-ol (Z11-16:OH) was tentatively identified in gland extracts, the addition of this compound to the binary blend did not increase
the numbers of moths captured. The pheromone can now be used in integrated pest management strategies.
Electronic Supplementary Material Supplementary material is available for this article at and is accessible for authorized users. 相似文献
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Mazomenos BE Athanassiou CG Kavallieratos N Milonas P 《Journal of chemical ecology》2004,30(6):1245-1255
We evaluated the attraction of male almond seed wasp Eurytoma amygdali to the synthetic alkadienes (Z,Z)-6,9-tricosadiene and (Z,Z)-6,9-pentacosadiene and their blend in almond orchards using baited rubber septa attached to cardboard rectangular adhesive traps. The two alkadienes were recently isolated from virgin female whole body extracts and SPME collected volatiles. The alkenes (Z)-9-tricosene, (Z)-9-pentacosene, and (Z)-9-heptacosene, present in female extracts, were also added to the blend of the alkadienes and tested. The alkadienes tested individually attracted males when the traps were baited with doses ranging from 10 to 30 mg/trap. The maximum number of males was attracted to traps baited with 10 mg of a (Z,Z)-6,9-C(23:2):(Z,Z)-6,9-C(25:2) blend at a ratio of 7:3. Results with the three alkenes added to the blend were inconclusive because of low populations. The present study on E. amygdali is the first one reporting attraction of males to synthetic sex pheromone components in field trials for a Eurytomidae species. The synthetic alkadienes blend offers the potential to develop an effective system for monitoring populations of the almond seed wasp in almond orchards. 相似文献
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P. I. Svirskaya S. N. Maiti A. J. Jones B. Khouw C. C. Leznoff 《Journal of chemical ecology》1984,10(5):795-807
The title compounds were prepared by six different routes, and recommendations are given for the more convenient procedures in laboratory-scale syntheses. Modifications in the literature preparations of the 9E,11E and 9E,11Z isomers are described. Baseline separation of a prepared mixture of all four isomers of the (9Z, 11Z), (9E, 11E), (9E, 11Z), and (9Z, 11E)-9,11-hexadecadienals was achieved using GC methods with standard capillary columns. [13C]NMR spectroscopy of the alkene carbon atoms clearly differentiates between theZ,Z, E,E and eitherE,Z orZ,E isomers of the precursor dienols and thus of the dienals. 相似文献
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Adult males ofSemiothisa signaria dispuncta (Walker) were attracted to field traps baited with (Z,Z,Z)-3,6,9-octadecatriene and (Z,Z)-6,9-cis-3,4-epoxy-octadecadiene. However, analyses of sex pheromone gland extracts of females of this species by GC-MS and by GC in combination with an electroantennograph detector (GC-EAD) showed the pheromone to be comprised of a mixture of the next lower homologs: (Z,Z,Z)-3,6,9-heptadecatriene and (Z,Z)-6,9-cis-3,4-epoxy-heptadecadiene. Blends of these two C17 compounds were subsequently found to be more attractive to males in the field than the corresponding C18 mixtures. Sex pheromones of two otherSemiothisa species were also found to contain C17 components. (Z,Z,Z)-3,6,9-Heptadecatriene, detected by GC-EAD analysis of a female abdominal tip extract ofS. bicolorata (Fabricius), attracted conspecific males, and this attraction was significantly reduced by additions of (Z,Z)-6,9-cis-3,4-epoxyheptadecadiene, the major pheromone component ofS. signaria dispuncta, to the lure. (Z,Z)-3,9-cis-6,7-Epoxy-heptadecadiene was detected by GC-EAD analysis as the primary male antennal stimulatory component present in abdominal tip extracts ofS. ulsterata (Pearsall), and males of this species were attracted to traps baited with this epoxide. Each of these three C17 compounds constitute previously unknown lepidopteran sex pheromone components. Blends of (Z,Z, Z)-3,6,9-heptadecatriene and (Z,Z)-3,9-cis-6,7-epoxyheptadecadiene attracted males of a fourth species,S. delectata Hulst, but no females of this species were obtained to permit analysis of its sex pheromone. The occurrence of (Z,Z,Z)-3,6,9-heptadecatriene inS. neptaria (Guenee) females was indicated by GC-MS analysis of an abdominal tip extract; however, no males were attracted to any of the fielded mixtures containing this hydrocarbon. 相似文献