三分量磁探头灵敏度批量检测装置设计

为了提高磁引信中三分量磁探头灵敏度的检测效率,设计了探头灵敏度批量检测装置。该装置利用三个两两正交的磁场线圈,通过电脑程控的方式依次施加恒定的磁场,并自动采集磁传感器的输出然后计算探头的灵敏度。与原有的检测装置相比较,本文提出的方法大大提高了检测效率——可节约2/3的检测时间,并且减少了人工频繁装夹磁探头的作业强度。     

采用超磁致伸缩薄膜的光纤磁场传感器

采用马赫-曾德尔干涉仪,对TbDyFe超磁致伸缩薄膜/光纤传感器的磁探测性能进行了实验测试.结果表明:在1 kHz调制频率附近,传感器对磁场具有最大的信号响应;在恒定直流磁场及调制磁场强度小于1 kA/m的条件下,系统输出信号大小随调制磁场强度线性增加;在35～50 kA/m的直流磁场范围内,传感器可探测的最小磁场变化为8.6×10-2A/m.     

国外文摘选(试版)

83·2001 使用介质反射镜的磁光调制器——J.C.Campbell, K.Y.Lau, J.Stone,美国专利,No.4,239,337,1980年12月16日公布.反射腔磁光调制器对输入信号的线性偏振输入光强度进行调幅.该调制器包括:一种相对的平行面的磁光介质;安放在该介质的每一平行面上的反射装置,用以在介质中按Z字形光路反射输入光;作用于输入信号的磁场装置是用来改变介质中的磁场以便改变输入光束偏振方向.该装置的特征是上述     

具有CoCrPt硬磁偏置的微尺寸巨磁阻传感器

本文介绍了一种基于GMR自旋阀的磁场传感器,它用于读取磁记录信息,并且通过硬磁偏置层解决了小尺寸GMR中存在的巴克豪森噪声问题. 传感器采用顶钉扎的自旋阀结构的GMR,磁电阻经过优化达到13.2%. 自旋阀的自由层被CoCrPt永磁体磁化到和被钉扎层的磁化方向相互垂直,这样可以使磁传感器得到线性的磁场探测性能. 对磁场传感器经过测试发现,硬磁偏置层在磁化后相较于磁化前,磁传感器的MR-H曲线得到明显改善,且矫顽力降低.     

补偿光纤Michelson弱磁传感器相位漂移的新方法

提出了基于谐波分析的相位补偿法,用以解决光纤Michelson弱磁传感器中由于环境因素如温度变化等引起相位漂移带来的输出信号衰落问题。该方法对正交工作点附近相位变化非常敏感,利用干涉仪参考臂压电陶瓷(PZT)的反馈电压可有效地控制相位漂移。实验表明:干涉仪相位变化小于1°;将高频调制磁场Hmcosωmt加于干涉仪信号臂换能器上探测直流弱磁信号,传感器输出信号稳定性好,线性度优于1%,灵敏度达3.5×10-6rad/nT(Hm=4 000 nT)。     

一种方波调制的TMR磁场探测系统设计与实现

为了实现对磁场信号的高精度检测,利用隧道磁阻式磁传感器,设计并实现了一种精确分辨微弱磁场场信号的锁相放大系统。使用方波调制传感器输出信号,并利用Σ-Δ型ADC实现平均下抽取结构,抑制方波带来的高次谐波干扰,提高了ADC的有效分辨率,降低了系统运算量。通过理论与实验分析,验证了系统可以有效抑制噪声与温漂对测量精度的影响,并可精确标定nT级磁场。     

Michelson干涉型光纤弱磁场传感器信号检测电路研究

针对Michelson光纤弱磁场传感器的特点,设计和实现了控制和信号检测系统。着重对传感器信号检测部分的电路进行了分析和研究,采用了相位自跟踪锁定放大技术进行微弱信号检测;针对磁致伸缩材料的非线性响应特点,设计了定偏闭环反馈系统,使探头始终工作在最佳偏置磁场下。经实验验证,系统灵敏度高,抑制噪声能力强。     

电子百科

超声波传感器超声波传感器是实现声电转换的装置,又称为超声波换能器或超声波探头。超声波探头既能发射超声波信号又能接收超过声波信号。 超声波探头按其结构可分为直探头、斜探头、双探头和液浸探头。超声波探头按其工作原理又可分为压电式、磁致伸缩式、电磁式等,实际使用中压电式探头最为常见。压电式探头主要由压电晶片、吸收块（阻尼块）、保护膜组成。压电晶片多为圆板形,其厚度与超声波频率成反比。压电晶片的两面镀有银层,作为导电极板。阻尼块的作用是降低晶片的机械品质,吸收声能量,如果没有阻尼块,     

基于Sagnac干涉仪的光纤直流磁场传感研究

将磁致伸缩材料粘贴单模光纤构成的光纤磁传感探头接入Sagnac光纤环的一端,外加交流磁场将探头周围的直流磁场加载到4.9kHz的高频信号上,建立了基于Sagnac干涉仪的光纤直流磁场传感实验系统.采用锯齿波相位调制的方法,将干涉仪系统相位偏置在π/2附近,通过测量所加高频信号的幅度,实现了对直流磁场的测量.实验得到系统信号稳定性为0.4%,磁场分辨率为4.3nT,并给出36.75g铁块经过磁传感探头时系统的响应信号.     

微功耗磁传感器应用中要考虑的技术问题

<正> 笔者曾在本刊1996年第12期上发表的“新型微功耗磁传感探测器”一文中,介绍了该探测器的基本原理、电路构成和应用前景。本文作为上述文章的补充,较详细地阐述新型微功耗磁传感探测器所用的关键部件——新型微功耗磁传感器在不同应用场合要考虑和解决的实际技术问题。 现已能提供用户选用的新型微功耗磁传感器有φ43×19毫米和φ36×19毫米两种规格。传感器有一根三芯电缆相连,其中一根芯线和屏蔽线作为电源输入线,其余两根芯线为传感器的信号输出线。传感器由6伏稳压电源供电,红色芯线接电源正极,屏蔽层编织线接电源负极。两根信号输出端线可组成平衡方式输出,也可以接成非平衡方式输出。传感器只要接上电源,就能正常工作,用电压表或电平记录仪作为终端显示装置就能得到代表传感器所在地点存在的磁场     

Integrated semiconductor magnetic field sensors

A magnetic field sensor is an entrance transducer that converts a magnetic field into an electronic signal. Semiconductor magnetic field sensors exploit the galvanomagnetic effects due to the Lorentz force on charge carriers. Integrated semiconductor, notably silicon, magnetic field sensors, are manufactured using integrated circuit technologies. Integrated sensors are being increasingly developed for a variety of applications in view of the advantage offered by the integration of the magnetic field sensitive element together with support and signal processing circuitry on the same semiconductor chip. The ultimate goal is to develop a broad range of inexpensive batch-fabricated high-performance sensors interfaced with the rapidly proliferating microprocessor. This review aims at the recent progress in integrated silicon magnetic devices such as integrated Hall plates, magnetic field-effect transistors, vertical and lateral bipolar magnetotransistors, magnetodiodes, and current-domain magnetometers. The current development of integrated magnetic field sensors based on III-V semiconductors is described as well. Bulk Hall-effect devices are also reviewed and serve to define terms of performance reference. Magnetic device modeling and the incorporation of magnetic devices into an integrated circuit offering in situ amplification and compensation of offset and temperature effects are further topics of this paper. Silicon will continue to be aggressively exploited in a variety of magnetic (and other) sensor applications, complementary to its traditional role as integrated circuit material.     

人手姿态检测系统的设计与实现

为了增强人机交互的交互性以及遥控操作的可控性,设计并实现了一款基于磁场传感器与微加速度计的人手姿态检测系统。利用坐标变换理论,通过磁场传感器数据解算姿态的翻滚角和俯仰角,然后结合磁场传感器数据解算方位角,并对传感器的噪声、温度漂移以及磁场传感器受外界磁场的干扰进行了补偿。通过实验证明,该系统能准确测量人手姿态。     

The human vector magnetogastrogram and magnetoenterogram

Electrical activity in the gastrointestinal system produces magnetic fields that may be measured with superconducting quantum interference device magnetometers. Although typical magnetometers have detection coils that measure a single component of the magnetic field, gastric and intestinal magnetic fields are vector quantities. We recorded gastric and intestinal magnetic fields from nine abdominal sections in nine normal human volunteers using a vector magnetometer that measures all three Cartesian components of the magnetic field vector. A vector projection technique was utilized to separate the magnetic field vectors corresponding to gastric and intestinal activity. The gastric magnetic field vector was oriented in a cephalad direction, consistent with previously observed data, and displayed oscillatory characteristics of gastric electrical activity (f = 3.03 +/- 0.18 cycles/min). Although the small bowel magnetic field vector showed no consistent orientation, the characteristic frequency gradient of the small bowel electrical activity was observed. Gastric and intestinal magnetic field vectors were oriented in different directions and were thus distinguished by the vector projection technique. The observed difference in direction of gastric and intestinal magnetic field vectors indicates that vector recordings dramatically increase the ability to separate physiological signal components from nonphysiological components and to distinguish between different physiological components.     

微弱信号检测系统设计

针对压力传感器输出信号微弱并带有较大噪声干扰的情况,设计了一种基于互相关检测技术的微弱信号检测系统。系统以变压器式压力传感器为压力信号检测器件,采用单片集成函数信号发生器ICL8038产生正弦波信号,再经功率放大器TDA7294放大后,作为传感器信号的调制信号和互相关检测的解调参考信号,采用平衡调制解调芯片AD630设计锁相放大器电路,通过放大、滤波、整流得到直流信号。仿真和实验验证证明了系统对微弱信号的检测效果理想,适用于强背景噪声下对微弱信号的检测。     

阻抗型无线无源声表面波传感器的研究

介绍了一种新型的阻抗负载型无线无源传感器,该传感器由声表面波器件与作为负载的外接传感器构成,采用声表面波器件进行信号传输。在工作时,外接传感器阻抗值的变化使声表面波器件反射回波特性也得到改变,通过检测该回波特性的变化,实现无线无源传感。基于耦合模模型的分析方法,得出了其级联P矩阵形式。针对电阻型和电容型两种不同类型的负载,分别对传感器进行了仿真分析和实际测试。试验结果表明,当电容型传感器作为负载时,可以以相位作为探测基准。     

A 2D CMOS microfluxgate sensor system for digital detection of weakmagnetic fields

This paper presents a CMOS two-dimensional (2-D) vector magnetic sensor system integrating two planar microfluxgate sensors and the complete electronics for sensor excitation and signal readout. The system is based on an industrial 0.8-μm double-poly, double-metal CMOS technology with ferromagnetic NiFeMo cores added in a simple postprocessing sequence. The fluxgate sensors are embedded in a ΣΔ analog-to-digital converter for a stable and precise digital detection of weak magnetic fields. A cascaded ΣΔ modulator topology is utilized to obtain second-order noise shaping and to suppress pattern noise. Within the range of ±50 μT, the system nonlinearity is less than 1.5 μT. The angular resolution as a 2D vector sensor is less than 4° for a measured magnetic induction of 50 μT. This makes the 2-D microfluxgate magnetometer suitable for use as fully integrated electronic compass     

基于光学Tamm态的磁流体磁场传感器研究

磁场的传感测量在相关领域具有重要应用.利用磁流体的磁光效应,提出了一种基于光学Tamm态的磁场传感结构.该结构由加载了金属层和电介质层的一维磁流体光子晶体构成.数值研究了该结构的结构参数对传感性能的影响.结果 表明,磁流体层越厚,探测灵敏度就越高.金属层和电介质层的厚度均存在一个最佳值,使得传感器具有较高的探测精度.结...     

A novel change-detection scheduler for a network of depth sensors

In many monitoring applications such as smart home and surveillance, deployment of multiple depth sensors increases monitoring area and offers better occlusion handling which is not sensitive to illumination condition in comparison with RGB sensors. However, multiple sensors also increase the volume of data associated with signal processing alongside the associated computational complexity and power consumption. In order to address these drawbacks, this paper proposes a novel change detection algorithm that can be used as a part of a sensor scheduler in a centralized (e.g. star) network configuration. Initially, each sensor in the network performs a unique single scan of the common environment in order to detect any incremental changes in the sensed depth signal. This initial change detection is then used as a basis for several follow-up tasks such as foreground segmentation, background detection, target detection, and tracking for monitoring tasks. Here, instead of processing a complete depth frame, we proposed to utilize a collection of 1D scans of the depth frames. A confidence function is defined that can be used to estimate the reliability of the detected changes in each sensor and to reduce any false positive events which can be triggered by the noise and outliers. Analysis of the proposed confidence function is carried out through performance analysis in the presence of sensor noise and other parameters which can affect the reliability of the sensed data of each sensor. Finally, a score function is defined based on the confidence of the detected parameters and sensor resolution in order to rank and match sensors with the associated objects to be tracked. It results in tracking target(s) by a sensor (or sensors) that offer a high tracking score. This approach offers many advantages such as decreasing the overall system power consumption by placing the sensors with a low confidence value on standby mode and reducing the overall computational overheads.     

Performance analysis of a color CMOS photogate image sensor

The performance of a color CMOS photogate image sensor is reported. It is shown that by using two levels of correlated-double sampling it is possible to effectively cancel all fixed-pattern noise due to read-out circuit mismatch. Instead the fixed-pattern noise performance of the sensor is limited by dark current nonuniformity at low signal levels, and conversion gain nonuniformity at high signal levels. It is further shown that the imaging performance of the sensor is comparable to low-end CCD sensors but inferior to that reported for high-end CCD sensors due to low quantum efficiency, high dark current, and pixel cross-talk. As such the performance of CMOS sensors is limited at the device level rather than at the architectural level. If the imaging performance issues can be addressed at the fabrication process level without increasing cost or degrading transistor performance, CMOS has the potential to seriously challenge CCD as the solid-state imaging technology of choice due to low power dissipation and compatibility with camera system integration     

Quad-cantilever microsensors with a low-cost single-sided micro-machining technique for trace chemical vapor detection

This paper presents a quad-cantilever microsensor for on-the-spot detection of ultra-low concentration chemical vapors. Compared with conventional dual-cantilever sensors, the quad-cantilever configuration can form a fully cantilever-formed Wheatstone-bridge that possesses a higher sensitivity of twofold and more balanced condition to compensate for environmental noise like temperature fluctuation or air flow. Besides, the four integrated micro-cantilevers are made of SiO₂, with each having a single crystal silicon piezoresistor fully encapsulated by SiO₂. Thus, the quad-lever sensor achieves a very low signal noise of 0.2 μV. For specific detection, sensitive molecule layer is self-assembled on two sensing cantilevers, with another two as reference. The sensors are micro-fabricated with a single-side process from the wafer front-side. With wet anisotropic etch used to release the piezoresistive cantilevers, the new fabrication technique features low-cost and high-yield. Self-assembled with a novel dual-branch specific mono-layer, about 100 ppt level trinitrotoluene (TNT) vapor has been rapidly and repeatedly detected.