SiO2-A12O3-MgO玻璃纤维结构与性能-MgO/(Li2O+B2O3)的影响

以不同含量的氧化锂、氧化硼、氧化镁成分的SiO_2-A1_2O_3-MgO高强(HS)玻璃为研究对象,测试了HS玻璃纤维密度、纤维新生态强度和模量,以及浸胶纱的拉伸强度和模量。采用高温粘度旋转仪、梯度炉以及红外光谱(IR)、核磁共振(NMR)等方法,研究了玻璃中不同比例的MgO/(Li_2O+B2O3)对高强玻璃结构和性能的影响。玻璃成分中SiO_2和Al_2O_3含量相近,增大Li_2O和B2O3含量替代MgO含量可以使玻璃的低温粘度和液相温度均降低,而增加MgO含量则提高了离子堆积密度和玻璃纤维的模量。红外光谱及核磁共振分析表明,HS高强玻璃的结构主要由硅氧四面体[SiO_4]和铝氧四面体[AlO_4]构成。在玻璃结构中,增加Li_2O和B2O3含量可提供的游离氧可使更多的Al~(3+)形成[AlO_4]而进入玻璃网络。相应地,增加MgO含量,提高MgO/(Li_2O+B_2O_3)比例,增加了网络断键和无序度,但增大了断网间的集合程度,有利于玻璃模量的提升。研究表明提高玻璃中SiO_2含量或在玻璃中加入Li_2O,有利于SiO_2-A12O3-MgO系统玻璃纤维强度的提升。     

B2O3-La2O3-Ta2O5-ZrO2系统中新型ZLaF4玻璃的研制

研究了B2O3含量为20%(质量分数)时B2O3-La2O3-Ta2O5-ZrO2和B2O3-La2O3-Nb2O5-ZrO2系统的玻璃形成区域.在此基础上,逐一添加各种改善析晶性能的氧化物,研制出一种高折射率低色散的ZLaF4光学玻璃,并对其熔炼工艺、析晶性能作了一定的探讨,对一些性能进行了测试.     

蔗糖对PAA-H2O-Al2O3浆料流变性能的影响

研究了蔗糖(sucrose)对聚丙烯酸(PAA)-水基Al2O3悬浮液流变性能的影响.实验表明:在酸性与碱性条件下,蔗糖的添加都有助于提高PAA稳定的水基Al2O3悬浮液流变性.pH为9.0时,PAA-H2O-AlO2悬浮液粘度随着蔗糖含量的增加逐渐降低,当含量大于4wt％时其粘度趋于不变.其中蔗糖对低含量PAA(0.3wt％)稳定的浆料流变性提高尤为明显.对于固含量为25 ～ 40vol％的PAA-H2O-Al2O3悬浮液,4wt％的蔗糖的加入都能提高其稳定性,当固含量为40vol％时,效果最为明显.此外,蔗糖的添加能够较好的提高PAA-H2O-Al2O3悬浮液的抗电解质性能.     

玻璃配合料中B2O3、Fe2O3检测方法的改进

玻璃配合料中B2O3和Fe2O3含量的稳定性是决定玻璃纤维生产稳定与否的关键因素,而现今使用的传统的配合料中B2O3、Fe2O3检测方法都较繁冗,不能快速准确地指导生产。本文介绍了配合料中B2O3、Fe2O3的新的检测方法,此检测方法具有简单、快捷、误差小的优点。     

SiO2-Al2O3-MgO系高强玻璃纤维耐酸性能研究

采用高温熔融法制备了SiO2-Al2O3-MgO系统的S级高强玻璃纤维,研究了不同玻璃组分对玻璃耐酸性能的影响,利用扫描电镜(SEM)、红外光谱(IR)和核磁共振(NMR)等手段分析了酸侵蚀前后纤维的表面形貌和微观结构,进而分析了S级高强玻璃纤维在酸腐蚀环境下的破坏机理.结果表明:S高强玻璃的结构主要由硅氧四面体[SiO4]和铝氧四面体[AlO4]等构成,随着酸蚀的进行,玻璃网络结构被破坏,Si-O-Si断裂形成Si-OH键并形成凝胶附着在纤维表面;而铝氧多面体中Al-O键断裂,Al3+逐渐从玻璃结构中被置换出来,导致玻璃网络中Al3+浓度大大降低;高强系列玻璃的耐酸性能与玻璃表面的化学组成以及玻璃内部的微观结构关系密切.致密的玻璃网络结构有利于抑制H+对玻璃结构破坏,抑制阳离子与H+的置换作用;此外引入离子场强高的Ti4+,由于"积聚"作用而使玻璃结构致密,提高玻璃纤维的耐酸性.     

粉煤灰提取Al2O3及其改性聚丙烯的研究

采用碱焙烧法从粉煤灰中提取Al2O3，将提取的Al2O3用于聚丙烯（PP）改性研究，并以市售Al2O3改性的PP为参考，考察了Al2O3对PP力学性能、微观形态的影响。结果表明，提取的Al2O3改性PP的拉伸性能和冲击性能与市售Al2O3相当；当Al2O3含量增加到2 %时，PP的拉伸断面均由平整结构变为轻微的层状结构，此时拉伸和冲击性能达到最佳，拉伸强度提高约6 %、伸长率提高约23 %、冲击强度提高约14 %；当Al2O3含量继续增加到5 %时，层状结构更为明显，改性PP的冲击强度急剧下降。     

Al2O3料浆流变性能的研究

研究了pH值、分散剂柠檬酸铵添加量、固相含量对Al2O3料浆流变性能的影响.结果表明:当pH为9-10时,当分散剂柠檬酸铵添加量为2wt%时,所制备的Al2O3料浆粘度最低,该料浆流动性能最佳.同时,料浆粘度会随料浆固相含量增加而增加.     

B2O3含量对SiO2-Al2O3-B2O3-RO体系玻璃的性能和微观结构的影响

针对B2O3含量的变化对SiO2-Al2O3-B2O3-RO体系玻璃的介电性能、失透温度和微观结构的影响进行研究分析.研究发现:随着B2O3含量的提高,玻璃的介电常数和介电损耗逐步下降,玻璃的失透温度范围变的更大.而且,B2O3含量升高后玻璃更易于失透,导致玻璃失透的主要原因是玻璃分相;FTIR光谱分析显示,随着B2O3含量的升高,B2O3在玻璃中存在的结构发生了转变,[BO3]逐步向[BO4]进行转变.     

炉渣组分对CaO-Al2O3-SiO2-TiO2-MgO-Na2O渣系粘度的影响

针对高碱度高氧化铝含氧化钠的CaO-Al2O3-SiO2-TiO2-MgO-Na2O六元渣系,采用有限制的混料均匀设计方法设计实验,在1773 K温度熔融还原条件下测定了该渣系的粘度. 利用偏最小二乘法回归分析,建立了炉渣组分与粘度的回归方程,利用回归方程分析了炉渣碱度[w(CaO)/w(SiO2)], MgO, TiO2, Al2O3及Na2O对炉渣粘度的影响. 结果表明,回归方程拟合的关联系数RC2为0.9945,方程可很好地预测该渣系的粘度. 在实验范围内,炉渣粘度随碱度的增加而增加. 碱度一定时,炉渣粘度随MgO, Al2O3, Na2O含量的增加而逐渐降低,随着TiO2的增加先降低后增加. 当炉渣碱度小于3.1、MgO质量含量大于4%、Al2O3大于20%、TiO2在3.1%~6.1%、Na2O大于0.75%时,1773 K温度下炉渣粘度均小于2 Pa×s,此时渣系粘度完全满足实际冶炼要求.     

SiO2-B2O3-Al2O3-CaO-ZnO-KNaO-F2系统无铅低温透明釉的研制

以B2O3 、CaO、ZnO、KNaO、CaF2为熔剂制备在1120℃左右烧成的无铅透明釉.探究了釉组成中CaO、CaF2、B2O3、Al2O3含量对釉面光泽度、透明度等的影响.结果表明,提高釉中CaO、A12O3含量可以抑制分相,提高釉的透明度,但会产生气泡降低釉的光泽度,用适量CaF2取代CaO可以解决这个问题.制备的透明釉釉面光泽度达102.9,釉面显微硬度、热稳定性能够达到日用陶瓷的标准要求.     

钕-铝系稀土色料的研制

通过钕-铝系列色料合成实验,分析不同配比及不同矿化剂等对色料呈色效果的影响,确定最佳工艺方法。对实验结果进行XRD及色度分析,确定其主晶相为钕酸铝,试样的明度均在70以上,色彩鲜艳亮丽。     

Polycrystalline In2O3 and In2O3/Y2O3 photoanodes

Single crystal In₂O₃ shows promise as a photoanode for the decomposition of water. Because of various difficulties in the preparation of the single crystal material, two simple techniques were developed for the preparation of polycrystalline In₂O₃ anodes. One method involves the thermal decomposition of the nitrate while the other utilizes the chemical vapour deposition technique. Voltammograms and photoresponse spectra of these anodes are compared to the single crystal material. Among other observations, it is noted that the quantum efficiencies of the thermally decomposed films are comparable to the single crystal material. It is also shown that the on-set potential can be shifted to more negative values by forming the mixed oxide In₂O₃/Y₂O₃.     

Na2O-Al2O3-Fe2O3系烧结过程中铝、铁的反应行为

以Al2O3, Fe2O3和Na2CO3为原料,对Na2O-Al2O3-Fe2O3系烧结过程中的反应行为进行了详细研究. 基于溶出率与时间、温度的关系,证明Na2O×Al2O3和Na2O×Fe2O3的生成反应动力学都服从Zhuralev-Lesokin-Tempelman模型,表观活化能分别为186.59和80.92 kJ/mol,表明Na2O×Fe2O3比Na2O×Al2O3在动力学上更易形成;Al2O3易与Na2O×Fe2O3反应形成Na2O×Al2O3和Fe2O3,在1273 K烧结30 min,所得熟料Al2O3溶出率达98.51%;Fe2O3对Na2O×Al2O3的形成有双重作用,在1273 K下可加速Na2O×Al2O3的形成,超过1323 K,促使Na2O×Al2O3分解成Na2O和b-Al2O3,且随着温度升高或时间延长,分解程度增高,从而导致熟料中Al2O3溶出率显著降低.     

Phase equilibrium in binary La2O3-Dy2O3 and ternary CeO2-La2O3-Dy2O3 systems

Cerium oxide doped with oxides of rare earth elements is a multifunctional material, a wide range of uses which is associated with its unique physicochemical properties. Phase diagrams of multicomponent systems are the physicochemical basis for the creation of new materials with improved characteristics.In this work, phase equilibria in ternary CeO₂–La₂O₃–Dy₂O₃ and binary La₂O₃–Dy₂O₃ systems in the whole concentration range were studied. No new phases have been identified in these systems. An isothermal section of the phase diagram of the CeO₂–La₂O₃–Dy₂O₃ system at a temperature of 1500 °С is constructed. No new phases have been detected in the system. It was found that in the studied ternary system solid solutions are formed on the basis of (F) modification of CeO₂ with structure of fluorite type, monoclinic (B), cubic (C) and hexagonal (A) modifications of Ln₂O₃.In the La₂O₃–Dy₂O₃ binary system (1500–1100 °С) three types of solid solutions are formed: based on hexagonal modification A-La₂O₃, monoclinic modification B-Dy₂O₃ and cubic modification C-Dy₂O₃ separated by two-phase fields (A+B) and (B+C), respectively. The boundaries of the regions of homogeneity of solid solutions based on A-La₂O₃ are determined by compositions containing 35–40, 20–25, 15–20 mol% Dy₂O₃ at 1500, 1250, 1100 °C, respectively. From the obtained data it follows that the solubility of Dy₂O₃ in the hexagonal modification of lanthanum oxide is 39 mol% at 1500 °C, 23 mol. % at 1250 °C and 16 mol% at 1100 °C. The limits of existence of solid solutions based on monoclinic B-modification are determined by compositions containing 30–35, 65–60 (1250 °С), 35–40, 55–60 (1100 °С) 40–45, 70–75 (1500 °C) mol% Dy₂O₃.In the studied system, with a decrease in temperature from 1500° to 1100°C, there is a decrease in the solubility of La₂O₃ in the crystal lattice of cubic solid solutions of C-type from 16 to 10 mol%.     

Fe2O3-MnO-Cr2O3-La2O3系统紫色颜料的制备及表征

采用溶胶均匀共沉淀法于低温下合成了含少量稀土氧化物La2O3的紫色颜料，并采用颜色测定、SEM、XRD等手段对颜料的颜色、检度及结晶构造等进行了表征。     

Separation of Phases by Spinodal Decomposition in the Systems Al2O3−Cr2O3 and Al2O3−Cr2O3−Fe2O3

Separation of phases was investigated in the hexagonal (rhombohedral) systems Al₂O₃−Cr₂O₃ and Al₂O₃−Cr₂O₃−Fe₂O₃. The binary system shows a miscibility gap with a T_c of 950°C; the miscibility gap for the ternary system was determined for a constant Cr₂O₃ content of 16.6 mol%. Dark field transmission electron microscopy of solid solutions annealed within the miscibility gap showed dark and light lamellas ∼50 to 200 Å thick. X-ray diffraction results for the solid solutions in the ternary system indicated that, in the early stages of annealing, broadening occurred only on (hkl) reflections where l≠0. There was no major change in the X-ray diffraction patterns of the annealed solid solutions in the binary system. Electron diffraction results indicated, however, that phase separation in both systems proceeded in the [001] direction. Solid solutions in the binary system separated very slowly; the separation could be enhanced hydrothermally. The mechanism of the separation of phases in both systems is spinodal and proceeds as follows: solid solution→intermediate modulated phase→equilibrium phases.     

Properties of RO-Y2O3-Al2O3-SiO2 glasses

The coefficient of linear expansion, glass-transition temperature, temperature at the orset of deformation (strain point), density. Young modulus, microhardness, crystallizability, and contact angle are studied as a function of the composition in RO–Y₂O₃–Al₂O₃–SiO₂ (R=Ca and/or Mg) glass systems. The composition ranges for glasses (with strain point >900°C and coefficient of linear expansion of (32–45)×10^–7°C^–1) that can be used for soldering silicon-nitride ceramics were established.Translated from Steklo i Keramika, No. 12, pp. 5–7, December, 1996     

Bactericidal Effectiveness of O3, O3/H2O2 and O3/TiO2 on Clostridium perfringens

The purpose of this research is to evaluate the bactericidal capacity of different Advanced Oxidation Treatments (AOTs) based on ozone: ozone, ozone/hydrogen peroxide and ozone/titanium dioxide on a wild strain of Clostridium perfringens, a fecal bacterial indicator in drinking water. The dose of ozone consumed ranges from 0.6 mg L^?1 min^?1 to 5.13 mg L^?1 min^?1 depending on the process and on the sample. In the treatments combined with O₃, H₂O₂ dose utilized is 0.04 mM and TiO₂ dose, 1 g L^?1. In order to evaluate the influence of natural organic matter and suspension solids over the disinfection rate, treatments are performed with two types of water – natural water from Ebro River (Zaragoza, Spain) and NaCl solution 0.9%. To achieve 4 log units of inactivation, 3.6 mg O₃ L^?1 is necessary in O₃ treatment, 4.25 mg O₃ L^?1 in O₃/TiO₂ system and 2.7 mg O₃ L^?1 in O₃/H₂O₂ after processing the natural water. In NaCl solution, to get the same inactivation, 0.42 mg O₃ L^?1 is necessary in O₃ treatment, 1.15 mg O₃ L^?1 in O₃/TiO₂ system and 0.06 mg O₃ L^?1 in O₃/H₂O₂ process. Even though the three treatments studied have a high bactericidal activity due to the number of surviving bacteria decreases to non-detectable levels, O₃/H₂O₂ is the most effective system for eliminating C. perfringens cells in a lower contact time, followed by O₃ and finally O₃/TiO₂ system.     

Cr_2O_3-Al_2O_3砖中不同组成Cr_2O_3-Al_2O_3电熔颗粒料的抗侵蚀研究

首先以不同比例的铬绿和氧化铝粉电熔制得Cr2O3质量分数分别为15%、40%、50%、60%、85%、99%的6种Cr2O3-Al2O3电熔颗粒料(其编号依次为CR15、CR40、CR50、CR60、CR85和CR99),然后采用回转渣蚀法研究了此电熔颗粒料(4~1 mm)的抗侵蚀性。结果显示:电熔颗粒料的抗侵蚀性随Cr2O3含量的增加及颗粒尺寸的增大而增强;高Cr2O3含量的CR99、CR85颗粒料在渣面层被侵蚀,主要是渣中的FeO和Al2O3对颗粒料的侵蚀,FeO与骨料中的Cr2O3反应,首先形成(Fe,Cr)3O4尖晶石,再与其他物相反应形成了复合尖晶石,当FeO耗尽后,渗入到颗粒内的Al2O3开始和Cr2O3反应,在颗粒表面形成铝铬固溶体;CR60颗粒料在渣面层和渗透层都存在侵蚀,渗透层的侵蚀主要是CaO、SiO2对颗粒料中铝铬固溶体中Al2O3的熔蚀,形成钙长石、钙黄长石以及玻璃相;Cr2O3含量较低的CR50、CR40、CR15颗粒料在渗透层内的侵蚀机制和CR60颗粒料的相同。