转炉出钢口热更换技术的应用

莱钢炼钢厂采用等静压成型的镁碳质整体出钢口砖，以多功能拆炉机扩孔，在２５ｔ氧气顶吹转炉上应用出钢口热更换技术，稳定了转炉出钢操作提高了作业率和钢水质量，出钢口寿命平均为１５０－２００炉，吨钢节约耐材值０．８６元。     

转炉出钢口长寿化与挡渣出钢

在攀钢120t转炉应用整体出钢口及挡渣出钢技术,达到了提高出钢口使用次数,稳定出钢时间和出钢温降,减少下渣量和提高合金收得率的效果,为减轻劳动强度、稳定工艺操作、改善钢质量起到了积极作用。     

提高转炉出钢口寿命生产实践

通过研究转炉出钢口的损坏机理,找出了出钢口寿命低的主要原因。通过采取优化出钢口热换工艺、优化出钢口尺寸和材质、提高出钢口填料性能、降低出钢温度、推广挡渣挂渣技术等措施,提高了出钢口寿命。     

宝钢150 t电炉出钢口维护操作实践

论述了电炉出钢口维护的一般模式,通过宝山钢铁股份有限公司150 t电炉出钢口维护模式的改进,减少了整体更换的次数,提高了出钢口内衬整体使用寿命,稳定了生产节奏,而且施工方法简单,便于操作和推广.     

莱钢25t转炉提高出钢口寿命的实践

采用自流补炉料修补莱钢２５ｔ转炉出钢口,克服了原出钢口喷补料易被侵蚀而造成的出钢口寿命短、出钢时间不好控制等缺陷,使转炉出钢口寿命大大提高,出钢时间一般能控制在９０～１２０ｓ,降低了放钢温度,提高了转炉炉龄及其他经济技术指标。     

内陆钢公司4号转炉车间出钢口寿命的延长

内陆钢公司４号转炉车间出钢口寿命的延长［美］Ｍ．Ａ．Ｔｉｎｄｙａｌａ等１前言氧气顶吹转炉出钢口的使用寿命影响着转炉的利用率、耐火材料的费用以及钢材的质量。在转炉出钢口的套管内径变得过大、而且套管的长度以及出钢时间缩短时，则需更换出钢口。导致上述变化的...     

宝钢300t转炉出钢口砌筑操作实践

出钢口是转炉的重要部位,其内衬修理周期的长短关系到企业的经济效益.分析了出钢口寿命受抑制的原因,通过改进转炉出钢口耐材品种和施工工艺,不但提高了出钢口内衬整体使用寿命,而且方便施工,降低了生产成本.     

转炉整体镁碳砖出钢口试验与应用

整体镁碳砖出钢口的应用使转炉出钢口的寿命由原来的平均５０次左右提高到平均１２０次以上，极大地提高了转炉作业率，降低了材料消耗。     

美国内陆钢铁公司第四炼钢厂延长转炉出钢口寿命的试验

在氧气顶吹转炉炼钢中，出钢口寿命对转炉的利用率，耐火材料费用，出炉钢水质量均有重要影响。内陆钢铁公司第四炼钢厂通过改进出口钢口套简砖的设计，优化出钢操作，使出钢口平均寿命从４０炉增加到９０多炉。     

南钢15吨转炉出钢口改造

1 前言南钢15吨氧气顶吹转炉采用镁碳砖和白云石砖综合砌炉;出钢口由两块合成镁大砖砌筑,为了提高出钢口的一次性寿命,在出钢口大砖中预埋了镁碳质套管。转炉出钢口是转炉炉衬中的关键部分,一个炉役中有近2万吨的钢水经过出钢口流入钢包,因此,出钢口好坏直接关系到炼钢     

Do positive thinking and meaning mediate the positive affect—Life satisfaction relationship?

The authors tested whether positive cognitions mediated the relationships between positive affect and both meaning in life and life satisfaction, and whether meaning in life partially mediated the relationship between positive cognitions and life satisfaction, among 232 students and community-dwelling adults. Also tested was an alternative model in which positive affect mediated the relationships between positive cognitions and both meaning in life and life satisfaction, and in which meaning in life partially mediated the relationship between positive affect and life satisfaction. Supporting hypotheses and the literature, positive cognitions mediated the relationship between positive affect and meaning in life, and meaning in life partially mediated the relationship between positive cognitions and life satisfaction. Together, positive affect and positive cognitions accounted for 48% of the variance in meaning in life, and the model accounted for 62% of the variance in life satisfaction. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2011 APA, all rights reserved)     

马斯洛自我实现理论与高校生命教育

生命教育是一种全人的教育,是一种关注生命状态、丰富生命历程、激发生命潜力、促进生命成长、提高生命质量的教育,而马斯洛自我实现理论是关于人实现自我价值、生命价值的理论,它对我们高校生命教育有着重要的启示。     

Quality of life: perception of lung cancer patients

An investigation was carried out to examine what quality of life means to lung cancer patients. 200 patients with either lung cancer (108) or chronic respiratory disease (92) were interviewed using a short open-ended questionnaire. They were asked to define quality of life in general, identify what they considered to be a good quality of life for themselves and to rank the relative importance attached to each nominated item. A content analysis was carried out and patients' responses were categorised into eight items. These were: ability to do what one wants to do/work, enjoyment of life, family life, financial security, happiness, health, living longer and social life/leisure activities. Of these, health (42%), enjoyment of life (25%) and family life (24%) were the three most nominated items as definition of quality of life in general. Patients perceived a good quality of life for themselves differently. Family life (58%), health (51%) and social life (43%) were found to be the most nominated components of a good quality of life for the patients. Overall, patients ranked family life and health as the first or second most important factors. There were no significant differences between cases and controls. The study results are challenging and serve to remind us that the term quality of life is misused in many studies. Most existing measures do not encompass the wider aspects of quality of life identified here, but rather concentrate on the "health-related" aspects of quality of life. To achieve this, the research into the best ways of measuring and assessing quality of life must continue to seek individual values and preferences and how these can be applied in a simple way in clinical studies.     

The relationship of workaholism with work–life conflict, life satisfaction, and purpose in life.

This study examined the differences between 2 types of workaholics (enthusiastic and nonenthusiastic workaholics) and nonworkaholic workers (work enthusiasts, relaxed workers, unengaged workers, and disenchanted workers) with respect to work–life conflict, life satisfaction, and purpose in life in a sample of 171 salaried employees of a high technology organization. Results differed for the 2 types of workaholics, supporting the importance of continued differentiation of workaholic types. Nonenthusiastic workaholics were found to have significantly more work–life conflict and significantly less life satisfaction and purpose in life than 3 of the 4 types of nonworkaholics. Enthusiastic workaholics were found to have significantly more life satisfaction and purpose in life than nonenthusiastic workaholics and significantly more work–life conflict than 3 of the 4 nonworkaholics. Implications for career planning and counseling are discussed. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Daily life patterns associated with 18-months changes of disability among frail elderly living at home

The purpose of this study was to investigate daily life patterns associated with changes of disability over 18-months among frail elderly living at home. Subjects were 50 frail elderly living at home who were interviewed at baseline, in July-September 1995. By detailed time budgets among them, five life patterns were classified. Lying-rest life pattern, Sitting-rest life pattern, Hobby life pattern, Walking life pattern, and Houseworking life pattern. Activities of daily living (ADL) measured by Extended ADL Index consisted of 8 items of Barthel Index and 4 items of TMIG Index of Competence. Information for follow-up were obtained from home health nurses or mail-questionnaires February-March in 1997. The results were as follows: All samples were able to be followed. Seven people died within the 18 months follow-up. Overall change of score on ADL was not seen between baseline and follow-up study. ADL improvement was seen in 45.0% and 43.7% had declines. Daily life patterns were not correlated with changes in ADL score. However, analysis of decline in ability to perform each activities, relative associations (not statistically significant) were found for changes in function and daily life patterns. Lying-rest life pattern and Sitting-rest life pattern elderly were more likely to decline in ADL than Walking life pattern and HouseworKing life pattern elderly. Hobby life pattern elderly only declined in walking. These findings support previous studies showing that disability of home frail elderly could be improved. Daily life pattern among them would be a helpful predictor of changes in specific physical performance over years.     

关于高职教育终身化理念的思考

为了发挥高职院校在终身教育、终身学习、学习化社会的建设中的积极作用.对终身教育及高职教育终身化的理念进行了论述,提出了高职教育终身化的原则和构建终身教育及终身学习的体系.     

Genetic evaluation for herd life in Canada

Methods were developed for the national genetic evaluation of herd life for Canadian Holstein sires. The genetic evaluations incorporate information from survival (direct herd life) and information from conformation traits that are related to herd life (indirect herd life) after adjustment for production in first lactation to remove the effect of culling for production. Direct genetic evaluations for herd life were based on survival in each of the first three lactations, which was analyzed using a multiple-trait animal model. Sire evaluations thus obtained for survival in each of the first three lactations were combined based on their economic weights into an overall sire evaluation for direct herd life. Sire evaluations for indirect herd life were based on an index of sire evaluations for mammary system, feet and legs, rump, and capacity. A multiple-trait sire model based on multiple-trait across country evaluation methodology was used to combine direct and indirect genetic evaluations for herd life into an overall genetic evaluation for herd life. Sire evaluations for herd life were expressed in estimated transmitting ability as the number of lactations and represent expected differences among daughters in functional herd life (number of lactations); the average functional herd life was set equal to three lactations. Estimated transmitting abilities were normally distributed and ranged from 2.31 to 3.43 lactations.     

Does it really feel the same? Changes in life satisfaction following repeated life events.

Unemployment, divorce, and marriage are common life events for most people in Western societies. In a longitudinal study, the authors investigated how these life events affect life satisfaction when they occur repeatedly. Data came from the German Socio-Economic Panel, a large-scale representative panel study, and were analyzed using multilevel modeling. Results showed that, in general, life satisfaction decreases with repeated unemployment (sensitization). For repeated divorces, life satisfaction is higher at the second divorce than it had been at the first divorce (adaptation). Finally, life satisfaction is similar at repeated marriages. Neuroticism, extraversion, and gender accounted for interindividual differences in changes in life satisfaction. For instance, the general sensitization pattern associated with repeated unemployment was less pronounced for women. The authors also found main effects of age and the duration of the first event on general differences in life satisfaction. Finally, those with repeated events generally report lower life satisfaction than those with only one occasion of these events, even before the first event actually occurred. Findings show that repeated events can have very different effects on life satisfaction that depend on the nature of the event. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

基于夹杂-细晶粒区-鱼眼疲劳失效的超长寿命预测模型

本文旨在研究夹杂-细晶粒区-鱼眼诱发疲劳失效的超长寿命预测模型.基于Cr-Ni-W合金钢疲劳试验结果,结合局部应力-寿命法和位错-能量法,分别构建了局部裂纹萌生寿命模型(LCIL)和考虑夹杂及细晶粒区影响的裂纹萌生寿命模型(IFCIL),并与Tanaka-Mura模型(T-M)进行了对比分析.其次,分别对细晶粒区内的小裂纹扩展行为和细晶粒区外鱼眼内的长裂纹扩展行为进行建模,最终形成了包含裂纹萌生和扩展在内的全寿命预测模型.结果表明,考虑夹杂及细晶粒区影响的裂纹萌生寿命模型(IFCIL)有较高的预测精度;对应细晶粒区的裂纹萌生寿命几乎等同于全寿命;裂纹扩展寿命仅占据全寿命很小的一部分;预测结果全部处于2倍偏差以内,即全寿命模型可有效地用于夹杂-细晶粒区-鱼眼诱发失效的超长寿命预测.