农业区水库水体重金属分布特征及来源解析

以鲁南某典型农业区15个水库为研究对象,利用SC-ICP-MS对水库水体中的Cd、Cr、Cu、Zn和As的质量浓度进行测定,并运用主成分分析方法对水体中的重金属来源进行了分析.结果表明:5种重金属(Cd、Cr、Cu、Zn、As)全部被检出,但Cd的检出率较低(仅为26.7％),5种重金属元素质量浓度均未有超标现象,低于...     

承德黑山钒钛磁铁矿矿集区土壤重金属空间结构特征与生态风险评价

矿区土壤重金属来源、空间分布特征对矿山周围的生态环境脆弱区土壤环境保护、修复以及生态风险评价具有重要意义。本文以承德市隆化县韩麻营镇黑山钒钛磁铁矿所在小流域为研究区,利用地累积指数法、内梅罗污染指数法验证矿区周围土壤重金属污染程度,利用潜在生态危害指数法对土壤重金属的生态环境风险做了全面评价,利用变异函数、相关性分析、金属元素主成分和聚类分析等方法明确了研究区重金属来源及空间分布特征。研究结果表明:研究区土壤中重金属元素Mn、Ti、V、Zn、Co、Cu、Mo、Cd和SOM的平均含量均高于河北省背景值;重金属元素As、Cr、Ni、Sb、Pb的平均含量均略低于河北省背景值;土壤重金属元素的空间分布十分均匀。研究区大量土壤重金属元素为轻度污染,少量为中度污染,只在极少量的局部地区土壤重金属元素Ti、Cu、Co、Hg、Cr显示出重污染特性。研究区整体处于较清洁水平,并且研究区土壤重金属元素高值点主要分布在矿区周围和人类活动区域,钒钛磁铁矿矿区及其伴生矿物和人类生产活动对重金属元素含量分布有较大影响。     

钒矿区土壤地球化学特征及重金属生态风险评价

本文以陕西省商洛市银花河流域中村—银花段钒矿区为研究对象,通过测试表层土壤的pH、有机碳、矿物、主量元素及重金属元素等含量,分析其地球化学特征,并评估该区土壤的健康生态风险等级。研究区土壤整体显示碱性的特征,土壤中碳主要以黏土矿物中有机碳的形式赋存。土壤中主要矿物为白云石,其次为石英、斜长石和黏土矿物。土壤主量元素中SiO₂含量最高,Al₂O₃含量次之,其余元素含量较低。土壤中V、Cr、Ni、Cu和Zn元素含量较高,As、Cd、Pb和Hg元素含量相对较低。综合分析认为土壤中Hg、Cd和As这3种元素均污染明显,其余元素无明显污染特征。潜在生态风险综合指数表明研究区土壤整体为轻微—中等的污染程度,V元素通过口鼻和皮肤摄入的健康风险性极低。     

北京平谷西部矿集区附近土壤重金属特征

文章以平谷西部金属矿山及矿集区为研究区,采集土壤样品169个,开展区域土壤的重金属污染研究。采用X荧光光谱法、等离子原子发射光谱法等现代测试技术,分析了土壤中重金属(As、Hg、Cd、Cr、Zn、Cu、Pb、Ni)的含量;采用ArcGIS反距离权重插值数学模型和SPSS多元统计方法对土壤重金属空间分布及污染特征进行综合研究;运用潜在生态危害指数法进行生态风险评价。结果表明,研究区域土壤中重金属含量与背景值倍数大小依次是CdPbAsZnCuHgNiCr;重金属危害程度由大到小依次为CdAsPbHgCuNiZnCr;8种重金属潜在生态危害指数RI值在52.11～32 875.38之间。综上所述,研究区域的土壤重金属存在不同程度的风险。     

Quantificational exposure,sources, and health risks posed by heavy metals in indoor and outdoor household dust in a typical smelting area in China

Contamination of metals in household dust remains a concern for human health. However, few studies to date have been conducted on the contribution of both indoor and outdoor environments to the health risks posed by metals. This study was carried out to assess the potential health risks from both indoor and outdoor household dust and the respective contribution to the health risks for children. The results showed that household dusts were heavily polluted by metal(loid)s, which were up to 30 times higher than the relative background level, and were attributed to smelting activity. However, there are other pollution sources in indoor environments, since the I/O ratio values of Pb, Cd, and As were significantly higher than 1. HI values of Pb and As exceeded the threshold of (1) and accounted for approximately 60% and 24% to the HIt, respectively. The HIts of Zn, Cr, Mn, Hg, and Cu were mainly attributable to indoor dust exposure, particularly for Hg (73.44%), indicating non-carcinogenic health risks could be attributed more to the indoor dust exposure. This study highlights the potential risks of metal contamination in household environment, particularly indoor environment, on the health of children who live in the vicinity of smelting activity.     

湖南省三十六湾矿区耕地重金属健康风险评价及生态修复对策

三十六湾矿区是全国第三批“山水林田湖草”生态保护修复工程耕地复垦重点修复试点区。本文基于污染指数法、地积累指数、富集系数和USEPA健康风险评价模型,探究三十六湾矿区土壤重金属的污染特征、农作物重金属累积状况及其对人体健康的危害,提出土壤修复建议,以期为矿区土壤重金属污染防治和管控提供科学依据。结果表明,土壤重金属综合污染指数为中—重度,其风险等级为：Cd>Pb>As>Zn>Hg>Cu>Cr>Ni;农作物Cd全部超标,白菜和萝卜Pb、Cr超标,水稻、白菜和萝卜As超标,白菜Hg超标。农作物对重金属的富集能力为：水稻>白菜>萝卜。食用农产品的非致癌风险Cr>As>Cd>Pb>Hg,成人与儿童的非致癌危害指数分别为1.04和2.11,致癌风险指数分别为1.62×10^-5和3.34×10^-4,显示成人和儿童均有非致癌风险,儿童有致癌风险,且儿童各种风险都大于成人。建议采取工程措施与物理化学法结合、重金属稳定剂-抗逆性植物联合、植物修复、土壤调理-轮作休耕等技术开展区域耕地...     

Environmental impact of mining activities in the Lousal area (Portugal): chemical and diatom characterization of metal-contaminated stream sediments and surface water of Corona stream

Lousal mine is a typical “abandoned mine” with all sorts of problems as consequence of the cessation of the mining activity and lack of infrastructure maintenance. The mine is closed at present, but the heavy metal enriched tailings remain at the surface in oxidizing conditions. Surface water and stream sediments revealed much higher concentrations than the local geochemical background values, which the “Contaminated Sediment Standing Team” classifies as very toxic. High concentrations of Cu, Pb, Zn, As, Cd and Hg occurred within the stream sediments downstream of the tailings sites (up to: 817 mg kg⁻¹ As, 6.7 mg kg⁻¹ Cd, 1568 mg kg⁻¹ Cu, 1059 mg kg⁻¹ Pb, 82.4 mg kg⁻¹ Sb, 4373 mg kg⁻¹ Zn). The AMD waters showed values of pH ranging from 1.9 to 2.9 and concentrations of 9249 to 20,700 mg L⁻¹ SO₄⁻², 959 to 4830 mg L⁻¹ Fe and 136 to 624 mg L⁻¹ Al. Meanwhile, the acid effluents and mixed stream waters also carried high contents of SO₄^2−, Fe, Al, Cu, Pb, Zn, Cd, and As, generally exceeding the Fresh Water Aquatic Life Acute Criteria. Negative impacts in the diatom communities growing at different sites along a strong metal pollution gradient were shown through Canonical Correspondence Analysis: in the sites influenced by Acid Mine Drainage (AMD), the dominant taxon was Achnanthidium minutissimum. However, Pinnularia acoricola was the dominant species when the environmental conditions were extremely adverse: very low pH and high metal concentrations (sites 2 and 3). Teratological forms of Achnanthidium minutissimum (Kützing) Czarnecki, Brachysira vitrea (Grunow) Ross in Hartley, Fragilaria rumpens (Kützing) G. W. F. Carlson and Nitzschia hantzschiana Rabenhorst were found. A morphometric study of B. vitrea showed that a decrease in size was evident at the most contaminated sites. These results are evidence of metal and acidic pollution.