混凝沉淀+电氧化反应器联合处理造纸废水的试验研究

研究了采用混凝沉淀 电氧化反应器联合处理造纸废水工艺.首先对造纸废水进行混凝沉淀,先投加聚合氯化铝(PAC)120 mg/L,再投加聚丙烯酰胺(PAM)1.0 mg/L,对废水的CODCr去除率可达到75%.出水再利用电氧化反应器处理,电氧化反应器反应级数为一级,当电流密度15 mA/cm2、反应时间140 min时,对废水的CODCr的再次去除率可达90%以上,并可提高废水的可生化性.采用混凝沉淀与电氧化反应器联合处理造纸废水,处理效果好,出水稳定,对废水中CODCr、悬浮物、色度均有很高的去除效率,是造纸废水适宜的处理技术.     

混凝沉淀-生物接触氧化处理研磨废水实例

介绍了采用混凝沉淀-生物接触氧化工艺处理研磨废水的设计和运行情况.该项目设计规模为48 m3/d,进水CODCr平均为3 540mg/L,最高达10 100mg/L.连续运行表明,出水的CODCr平均为49 mg/L,最高为66 mg/L,其余指标均达到相关标准.表明该处理工艺对研磨废水具有较好的针对性,达到了设计要求.     

硅藻精土处理城镇污水试验研究

以硅藻精土为污水处理剂,对中等浓度城镇污水进行强化一级处理试验研究.通过改变硅藻精土投加量、污泥回流比、反应器水力停留时间等控制因素,优化了硅藻精土强化一级处理系统的运行参数,同时探讨了硅藻精土作为污水处理剂的反应机理.结果表明,在加药质量浓度为75 mg/L,污泥回流比100%,反应池HRT为30min,进水CODCr、NH4＋-N、TP质量浓度分别为347 mg/L、49 mg/L、6.1 mg/L时,相应其去除率依次为65.4%、15.8%、91.8%,去除效果较好,达到了提高废水可生化性和除磷的目的.     

高效浅层气浮设备处理造纸废水

采用高效浅层气浮设备处理再生纸造纸废水,在进水CODCr、SS的质量浓度分别为1 230、700 mg/L时,经调节、混凝沉淀、气浮、沉淀等工艺处理后,出水CODCr、SS的质量浓度分别为82.0、43.5 mg/L,吨水处理费用为0.42元。     

Fe/C微电解-Fenton氧化-混凝沉淀-生化法处理松节油加工废水

采用Fe/C微电解-Fenton氧化-混凝沉淀-生化法组合工艺处理松节油加工废水,首选通过正交和单因素实验,确定Fe/C微电解、Fenton氧化、混凝沉淀等工艺运行的最佳条件,考察COD的去除效果及BOD5/CODCr比值的改变,探讨废水的可生化性的改善;然后通过BAF工艺进行生化处理,确定工艺影响参数,考察废水达标排放的可行性. 结果表明,在铁屑投加量为100 g/L,Fe/C质量比为1.5:1,H2O2投加量为40 mL/L,PAM投加量为8 mg/L时,废水经Fe/C微电解、Fenton氧化、混凝沉淀等工艺预处理后出水COD为200~450 mg/L,COD去除率达98%,BOD5/CODCr比值由0.13提高到0.64,满足后续生化处理要求;生化处理单元采用曝气生物滤池,在水力停留时间为5 h、DO浓度为2~3 mg/L,处理后出水COD、动植物油和色度为50~90, 3~10和30~50 mg/L时,出水水质达到《污水综合排放标准》(GB8978-1996)一级标准.     

常规混凝过滤法处理PVC乳化废水的研究

采用混凝过滤工艺对PVC乳化废水进行了预处理试验,研究了混凝剂种类、pH值、混凝剂投加量及絮凝剂投加量对处理效率的影响。试验结果表明:混凝剂Al2(SO4)3·18H2O投加量100mg/L,PAM投加量3mg/L和废水pH值为5.5的条件下,进水ρ(CODCr)为12000mg/L,经混凝沉淀+石英砂过滤后,出水ρ(CODCr)可降至750mg/L。     

钻井废水混凝-氧化-活性炭吸附处理方法研究

采用"混凝—Fenton氧化—活性炭吸附"联合处理方法对新疆某油田钻井废水进行实验研究,通过对处理后水质分析,筛选出了各处理阶段处理剂的最佳投加量。实验结果表明,在合适的条件下,混凝处理能初步降低钻井废水中的CODCr值、浊度;Fenton氧化阶段CODCr去除率可达到75%;最后,采用活性炭吸附进行深度处理,可使CODCr值达到100 mg/L以下,出水无色,达到排放标准。     

钢铁企业综合废水处理回用工程实例

针对钢铁企业综合废水特点及回用水水质要求,采用高效混凝沉淀(带石灰、碳酸钠软化系统)-MBBR生化-过滤预处理和超滤-反渗透双膜法深度处理的组合工艺,处理某钢铁厂全厂综合废水。工程运行结果表明,该工艺处理效果理想,各项运行指标良好,其中预处理出水ρ(CODCr)≤30 mg/L,ρ(SS)5 mg/L,满足工业新水要求;深度处理出水硬度≤0.03 mmol/L,满足软化水要求。     

强化混凝技术在煤气化废水深度处理中的应用

对内蒙古某煤化工企业废水处理系统生化段二沉池出水进行混凝沉淀试验研究,通过选择具有针对性的药剂来强化混凝沉淀的处理效果。结果表明,当煤化工废水专用混凝剂(M180-3A配合M180-3B)和脱色剂T6组合使用时,能同时达到去除废水中CODCr和色度的目的。M180-3A和M180-3B的投加量均为300 mg/L,脱色剂T6的投加量为100 mg/L时,出水CODCr的质量浓度为77 mg/L,色度为40倍,满足HG/T 3923—2007《循环冷却水用再生水水质标准》的要求。     

印刷生产废水处理

根据油墨废水油类浓度高、CODCr浓度高的特点,提出了采用混凝沉淀进行预处理,再用UASB-MBR进行生化处理的工艺流程,该废水的进水CODCr、石油类的质量浓度分别约为2000～20000、100～180mg/L,经处理后出水的各项指标都能达到广东省<水污染物排放限值>(DB44/26-2001)第二时段一级标准.该法具有工艺运行稳定、维护简单、耐冲击负荷的特点.     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。