稀土La_2O_3对Li_2O-Al_2O_3-SiO_2微晶玻璃结构和性能的影响

本文主要研究添加微量稀土La2O3对Li2O-Al2O3-SiO2微晶玻璃晶相组成、显微结构、抗折强度的影响。研究结果表明:添加微量La2O3有利于Li2O-Al2O3-SiO2微晶玻璃中的主晶相β-锂辉石发育成完整的柱状、板状晶体,提高了微晶玻璃的抗折强度。     

石英玻璃对Li2O-Al2O3-SiO2系统微晶玻璃性能的影响

向水淬后的Li2O-Al2O3-SiO2系统玻璃粉中加入石英玻璃粉，参照玻璃粉末的DTA曲线确定晶化温度，采用烧结法制备出了低膨胀微晶玻璃材料。运用XRD分析了材料的晶相种类，测定了材料的热膨胀系数、密度、抗折强度等性能，分析讨论了石英玻璃粉对材料性能的影响结果表明，石英玻璃粉含量增大，材料的热膨胀系数值减小。密度值增大，抗折强度值降低，析出主晶相为β-锂辉石固溶体。     

Li2O-Al2O3-SiO2系低膨胀微晶玻璃的研究

本文以Li2O-Al2O3-SiO2(LAS)系统为基础玻璃成分，锂辉石、高岭土、石英砂、滑石等矿物和部分化学试剂为主要原料，采用熔融法制备了LAS系低膨胀微晶玻璃。运用XED和SEM等现代测试分析手段对材料的晶相和显微结构进行了观察和分析，并讨论了不同的Li2O、Al2O3、SiO2之比和不同的晶核剂对析出主晶相的影响。实验表明，所制微晶玻璃的主晶相为β-锂辉石固溶体，晶粒尺寸为0.5～2μm，材料不透明，其抗折强度为80～108MPa。     

利用正交法优化掺杂La2O3微晶玻璃的热处理制度

实验在前期研究工作基础上选择了稀土氧化物La2O3,采取外加法对Li2O-Al2O3-SiO2(LAS)系统微晶玻璃进行掺杂,为了寻找掺杂La2O3后LAS系统微晶玻璃的最佳热处理制度,采用正交试验设计,对试样在不同温度下进行了热处理,并对晶化后各试样进行了各项性能测试并对测试结果进行了分析,结果表明:热处理制度对微晶玻璃的各项性能影响显著,其中又以晶化温度的影响最大;综合各项性能后,得到合适热处理制度为590℃/1 h→790℃/2 h,此时,试样的力学性能和热膨胀性能最好,其抗折强度为141 MPa,热膨胀系数为1.26×10-7℃-1(20～400℃).     

Y2O3对高分子网络凝胶法制备Li2O-Al2O3-SiO2系微晶玻璃性能的影响

以丙烯酰胺、N,N'-亚甲基双丙烯酰胺、碳酸锂、硝酸铝和正硅酸乙酯为原料,采用高分子网络凝胶法成功地制备出多组分氧化物Li2O-Al2O3-SiO2(LAS)微晶玻璃超微粉末,并掺杂了稀土氧化物Y2O3.将粉体压制烧结得到微晶玻璃块体.用IR,XRD,SEM等测试手段研究了掺杂对微晶玻璃组织与性能的影响,测定了微晶玻璃的热膨胀系数.实验表明:Y2O3使微晶玻璃的相变温度降低到900℃;掺杂后微晶玻璃的粒径减小;高分子网络凝胶法制备的Li2O-Al2O3-SiO2(LAS)微晶玻璃热膨胀系数达到10-7数量级,掺Y2O3使Li2O-Al2O3-SiO2(LAS)微晶玻璃的热膨胀系数提高.     

烧结法制备Li2O-Al2O3-SiO2微晶玻璃的烧结制度及性能研究

采用烧结法制备了Li2O-Al2O3-SiO2(LAS)微晶玻璃。通过DSC分析，并结合对LAS微晶玻璃烧结过程的研究，提出了其较合适的烧结制度。用XRD对该微晶玻璃的物相组成进行了研究，讨论了烧结温度对LAS微晶玻璃热膨胀系数及抗弯强度的影响。为获得具有结构均匀致密、晶相含量高的LAS微晶玻璃，应使烧结温度尽量接近主晶相析晶温度。本文研究的LAS微晶玻璃的适宜烧结温度为1130℃。     

La2O3的添加对P2O5-Al2O3-SiO2系微晶玻璃性能的影响

以ZrO2为晶核剂,根据DSC图谱制定合理的热处理制度,制备了磷扩散源P2O5-Al2O3-SiO2系微晶玻璃。采用XRD分析观察了P2O5-Al2O3-SiO2系微晶玻璃的析晶状况,热膨胀仪测试了该微晶玻璃的膨胀系数,分析La2O3的含量对P2O5-Al2O3-SiO2系微晶玻璃在高温下释放P2O5速率的影响。结果表明:随着La2O3含量增加,P2O5-Al2O3-SiO2系微晶玻璃中晶体含量增加,主晶相未发生改变,都为磷酸锆晶体;同时,该微晶玻璃的热膨胀系数相对降低,P2O5的释放速率也随之增加。     

玻璃组成对Li2O-Al2O3-SiO2系统微晶玻璃膨胀系数的影响

以Li2O-Al2O3-SiO2系统微晶玻璃的标准样的组成为基础配方,改变玻璃组成中各种氧化物的含量,采用传统的熔融法制备了Li2O-Al2O3-SiO2系统微晶玻璃,利用SEM、XRD、DTA及热膨胀系数测定等分析手段,重点研究了玻璃组成中Li2O、Al2O3、SiO2的含量对微晶玻璃热膨胀系数的影响.研究结果表明:在标准试样的基础上,改变Li2O的含量,对热膨胀系数影响很大;热膨胀系数随Al2O3含量增大而增大,而SiO2含量的变化,对热膨胀系数影响不大.     

热处理制度对Li2O-A12O3-SiO2系微晶玻璃晶化过程和性能的影响

采用熔融法获得了以TiO2＋ZrO2和P2O5为复合晶核剂的Li2O-Al2O3-SiO2系统基础玻璃,通过差热分析和正交实验的方法确定了使该玻璃微晶化的热处理制度,获得了不同热处理制度下Li2O-Al2O3-SiO2系统低膨胀微晶玻璃。利用X射线衍射分析和扫描电子显微镜对晶化样品的物相和微观结构进行了研究;讨论了热处理制度对玻璃的晶化过程及热膨胀系数的影响。研究结果表明：不同热处理温度下的微晶玻璃均可以得到具有细小等轴晶粒的组织结构,材料的热膨胀系数较低;析晶初始温度下首先析出的晶相为β-石英固溶体,随晶化温度升高β-石英固溶体转变为β-锂辉石固溶体,晶化温度进一步升高,β-锂辉石固溶体结晶完全,材料的热膨胀系数更低。     

Li2O-Al2O3-SiO2系微晶玻璃的制备与准等熵压缩特性

以SiO2、A12O3、Li2CO3为主要原料,加入少量碱土金属氧化物、澄清剂及TiO2、ZrO2成核剂,在1 580℃熔制玻璃,然后依据差热分析所确定的热处理制度,在不同温度和时间条件下对其进行核化和晶化处理,制得低膨胀Li2O-Al2O3-SiO2系透明微晶玻璃。结果表明:在550℃核化2 h,880℃晶化1h条件下制得的Li2O-Al2O3-SiO2系微晶玻璃结构致密,晶粒细小均匀,主晶相为β-石英固溶体,外观完全透明,热膨胀系数为2.262×10-7/℃(0~900℃),密度为2.5 g/cm3。在一级轻气炮上进行击靶实验,利用该微晶玻璃实现了对靶材料的准等熵压缩。     

钕-铝系稀土色料的研制

通过钕-铝系列色料合成实验,分析不同配比及不同矿化剂等对色料呈色效果的影响,确定最佳工艺方法。对实验结果进行XRD及色度分析,确定其主晶相为钕酸铝,试样的明度均在70以上,色彩鲜艳亮丽。     

Polycrystalline In2O3 and In2O3/Y2O3 photoanodes

Single crystal In₂O₃ shows promise as a photoanode for the decomposition of water. Because of various difficulties in the preparation of the single crystal material, two simple techniques were developed for the preparation of polycrystalline In₂O₃ anodes. One method involves the thermal decomposition of the nitrate while the other utilizes the chemical vapour deposition technique. Voltammograms and photoresponse spectra of these anodes are compared to the single crystal material. Among other observations, it is noted that the quantum efficiencies of the thermally decomposed films are comparable to the single crystal material. It is also shown that the on-set potential can be shifted to more negative values by forming the mixed oxide In₂O₃/Y₂O₃.     

Na2O-Al2O3-Fe2O3系烧结过程中铝、铁的反应行为

以Al2O3, Fe2O3和Na2CO3为原料,对Na2O-Al2O3-Fe2O3系烧结过程中的反应行为进行了详细研究. 基于溶出率与时间、温度的关系,证明Na2O×Al2O3和Na2O×Fe2O3的生成反应动力学都服从Zhuralev-Lesokin-Tempelman模型,表观活化能分别为186.59和80.92 kJ/mol,表明Na2O×Fe2O3比Na2O×Al2O3在动力学上更易形成;Al2O3易与Na2O×Fe2O3反应形成Na2O×Al2O3和Fe2O3,在1273 K烧结30 min,所得熟料Al2O3溶出率达98.51%;Fe2O3对Na2O×Al2O3的形成有双重作用,在1273 K下可加速Na2O×Al2O3的形成,超过1323 K,促使Na2O×Al2O3分解成Na2O和b-Al2O3,且随着温度升高或时间延长,分解程度增高,从而导致熟料中Al2O3溶出率显著降低.     

Phase equilibrium in binary La2O3-Dy2O3 and ternary CeO2-La2O3-Dy2O3 systems

Cerium oxide doped with oxides of rare earth elements is a multifunctional material, a wide range of uses which is associated with its unique physicochemical properties. Phase diagrams of multicomponent systems are the physicochemical basis for the creation of new materials with improved characteristics.In this work, phase equilibria in ternary CeO₂–La₂O₃–Dy₂O₃ and binary La₂O₃–Dy₂O₃ systems in the whole concentration range were studied. No new phases have been identified in these systems. An isothermal section of the phase diagram of the CeO₂–La₂O₃–Dy₂O₃ system at a temperature of 1500 °С is constructed. No new phases have been detected in the system. It was found that in the studied ternary system solid solutions are formed on the basis of (F) modification of CeO₂ with structure of fluorite type, monoclinic (B), cubic (C) and hexagonal (A) modifications of Ln₂O₃.In the La₂O₃–Dy₂O₃ binary system (1500–1100 °С) three types of solid solutions are formed: based on hexagonal modification A-La₂O₃, monoclinic modification B-Dy₂O₃ and cubic modification C-Dy₂O₃ separated by two-phase fields (A+B) and (B+C), respectively. The boundaries of the regions of homogeneity of solid solutions based on A-La₂O₃ are determined by compositions containing 35–40, 20–25, 15–20 mol% Dy₂O₃ at 1500, 1250, 1100 °C, respectively. From the obtained data it follows that the solubility of Dy₂O₃ in the hexagonal modification of lanthanum oxide is 39 mol% at 1500 °C, 23 mol. % at 1250 °C and 16 mol% at 1100 °C. The limits of existence of solid solutions based on monoclinic B-modification are determined by compositions containing 30–35, 65–60 (1250 °С), 35–40, 55–60 (1100 °С) 40–45, 70–75 (1500 °C) mol% Dy₂O₃.In the studied system, with a decrease in temperature from 1500° to 1100°C, there is a decrease in the solubility of La₂O₃ in the crystal lattice of cubic solid solutions of C-type from 16 to 10 mol%.     

Fe2O3-MnO-Cr2O3-La2O3系统紫色颜料的制备及表征

采用溶胶均匀共沉淀法于低温下合成了含少量稀土氧化物La2O3的紫色颜料，并采用颜色测定、SEM、XRD等手段对颜料的颜色、检度及结晶构造等进行了表征。     

Separation of Phases by Spinodal Decomposition in the Systems Al2O3−Cr2O3 and Al2O3−Cr2O3−Fe2O3

Separation of phases was investigated in the hexagonal (rhombohedral) systems Al₂O₃−Cr₂O₃ and Al₂O₃−Cr₂O₃−Fe₂O₃. The binary system shows a miscibility gap with a T_c of 950°C; the miscibility gap for the ternary system was determined for a constant Cr₂O₃ content of 16.6 mol%. Dark field transmission electron microscopy of solid solutions annealed within the miscibility gap showed dark and light lamellas ∼50 to 200 Å thick. X-ray diffraction results for the solid solutions in the ternary system indicated that, in the early stages of annealing, broadening occurred only on (hkl) reflections where l≠0. There was no major change in the X-ray diffraction patterns of the annealed solid solutions in the binary system. Electron diffraction results indicated, however, that phase separation in both systems proceeded in the [001] direction. Solid solutions in the binary system separated very slowly; the separation could be enhanced hydrothermally. The mechanism of the separation of phases in both systems is spinodal and proceeds as follows: solid solution→intermediate modulated phase→equilibrium phases.     

Properties of RO-Y2O3-Al2O3-SiO2 glasses

The coefficient of linear expansion, glass-transition temperature, temperature at the orset of deformation (strain point), density. Young modulus, microhardness, crystallizability, and contact angle are studied as a function of the composition in RO–Y₂O₃–Al₂O₃–SiO₂ (R=Ca and/or Mg) glass systems. The composition ranges for glasses (with strain point >900°C and coefficient of linear expansion of (32–45)×10^–7°C^–1) that can be used for soldering silicon-nitride ceramics were established.Translated from Steklo i Keramika, No. 12, pp. 5–7, December, 1996     

Bactericidal Effectiveness of O3, O3/H2O2 and O3/TiO2 on Clostridium perfringens

The purpose of this research is to evaluate the bactericidal capacity of different Advanced Oxidation Treatments (AOTs) based on ozone: ozone, ozone/hydrogen peroxide and ozone/titanium dioxide on a wild strain of Clostridium perfringens, a fecal bacterial indicator in drinking water. The dose of ozone consumed ranges from 0.6 mg L^?1 min^?1 to 5.13 mg L^?1 min^?1 depending on the process and on the sample. In the treatments combined with O₃, H₂O₂ dose utilized is 0.04 mM and TiO₂ dose, 1 g L^?1. In order to evaluate the influence of natural organic matter and suspension solids over the disinfection rate, treatments are performed with two types of water – natural water from Ebro River (Zaragoza, Spain) and NaCl solution 0.9%. To achieve 4 log units of inactivation, 3.6 mg O₃ L^?1 is necessary in O₃ treatment, 4.25 mg O₃ L^?1 in O₃/TiO₂ system and 2.7 mg O₃ L^?1 in O₃/H₂O₂ after processing the natural water. In NaCl solution, to get the same inactivation, 0.42 mg O₃ L^?1 is necessary in O₃ treatment, 1.15 mg O₃ L^?1 in O₃/TiO₂ system and 0.06 mg O₃ L^?1 in O₃/H₂O₂ process. Even though the three treatments studied have a high bactericidal activity due to the number of surviving bacteria decreases to non-detectable levels, O₃/H₂O₂ is the most effective system for eliminating C. perfringens cells in a lower contact time, followed by O₃ and finally O₃/TiO₂ system.     

Cr_2O_3-Al_2O_3砖中不同组成Cr_2O_3-Al_2O_3电熔颗粒料的抗侵蚀研究

首先以不同比例的铬绿和氧化铝粉电熔制得Cr2O3质量分数分别为15%、40%、50%、60%、85%、99%的6种Cr2O3-Al2O3电熔颗粒料(其编号依次为CR15、CR40、CR50、CR60、CR85和CR99),然后采用回转渣蚀法研究了此电熔颗粒料(4~1 mm)的抗侵蚀性。结果显示:电熔颗粒料的抗侵蚀性随Cr2O3含量的增加及颗粒尺寸的增大而增强;高Cr2O3含量的CR99、CR85颗粒料在渣面层被侵蚀,主要是渣中的FeO和Al2O3对颗粒料的侵蚀,FeO与骨料中的Cr2O3反应,首先形成(Fe,Cr)3O4尖晶石,再与其他物相反应形成了复合尖晶石,当FeO耗尽后,渗入到颗粒内的Al2O3开始和Cr2O3反应,在颗粒表面形成铝铬固溶体;CR60颗粒料在渣面层和渗透层都存在侵蚀,渗透层的侵蚀主要是CaO、SiO2对颗粒料中铝铬固溶体中Al2O3的熔蚀,形成钙长石、钙黄长石以及玻璃相;Cr2O3含量较低的CR50、CR40、CR15颗粒料在渗透层内的侵蚀机制和CR60颗粒料的相同。