NO处理对鲜切牛蒡品质和褐变的影响

为控制鲜切牛蒡褐变,延长其货架期,文中研究了NO处理对鲜切牛蒡贮藏期间品质和褐变的影响。结果表明:未经处理的对照样品2 d就明显褐变,NO处理的牛蒡贮藏13 d仍具有较好的色泽,且感官品质明显好于对照。NO处理抑制了多酚氧化酶(PPO)和苯丙氨酸解氨酶(PAL)的活性,降低了总酚含量和呼吸速率;同时降低了电导率及丙二醛(MDA)的含量。说明NO处理抑制褐变可能与抑制呼吸代谢和酚类物质的合成,及保持膜的稳定性相关,从而达到延长鲜切牛蒡货架期的目的。     

高氧预处理协同过氧化氢对板栗仁褐变的影响

目的 建立一种高氧预处理协同过氧化氢处理预防板栗仁褐变的方法。方法 将板栗随机分为4组: 对照组(21% O2)、高氧组(90% O2)、过氧化氢组[2% H2O2 (m/V)]、高氧协同过氧化氢组[90% O2+2% H2O2 (m/V)], 0℃贮藏30 d, 每5 d测定其褐变指数, 细胞膜脂过氧化产物丙二醛含量、酶促褐变底物总酚含量及酶促褐变相关酶, 包括多酚氧化酶(polyphenol oxidase, PPO)、苯丙氨酸解氨酶(phenylalanine ammonia-lyse, PAL)、过氧化物酶(peroxidase, POD)以及过氧化氢酶(catalase, CAT)活性。结果 与对照组相比, 高氧组、过氧化氢组和高氧协同过氧化氢组褐变指数分别降低了16.06%、16.38%和29.11%。其中, 高氧协同过氧化氢组的防褐变效果最佳, 显著降低了丙二醛的含量(P<0.05), 抑制了PPO的活性, 提高了PAL、POD、CAT的活性, 增加了酚类物质的含量, 提高了板栗仁抗氧化能力。结论 高氧协同过氧化氢处理, 能显著降低贮藏过程中板栗仁表面褐变, 较好地维持板栗仁品质, 保持板栗仁食用价值和商品价值。     

薄膜包装结合乙烯吸收剂对山楂果实生理和果肉褐变的影响

选用2 种不同薄膜包装及其结合乙烯吸收剂的处理方法,对“敞口”山楂果实进行低温贮藏实验,测定不同处理包装内乙烯含量的变化以及山楂果实生理和品质的相关指标,并测定了山楂果肉褐变相关的多酚氧化酶（polyphenol oxidase,PPO）活性和酚类物质含量。结果表明：在（0±0.5）℃条件下,山楂果实表现出跃变型果实特征,30 μm厚聚氯乙烯薄膜包装有利于保持山楂果肉硬度,减缓了可滴定酸（titratable acid,TA）和VC含量的下降,但加速了贮藏后期丙二醛（malondiadehyde,MDA）含量上升和果肉褐变;15 μm厚高渗出CO2保鲜袋对山楂果实果肉硬度、TA和VC含量变化影响不明显,但抑制贮藏后期果实的乙烯释放和MDA含量上升,降低了果实褐变率;乙烯吸收剂的使用有利于包装内乙烯含量的降低,有效减缓了果肉硬度、果实中TA和VC含量的下降,减缓了MDA含量的上升,维持了山楂果实较低而平稳的生理代谢水平,较好地抑制了PPO活性和酚类物质含量的波动,明显降低果实褐变程度,显著提高了山楂果实的贮藏品质。综合分析,15 μm高渗出CO2保鲜袋结合乙烯吸收剂的处理对山楂果实低温（（0±0.5）℃）贮藏效果最佳。     

高浓度CO2处理对采后甜樱桃果实生理代谢的影响

以"8-102"品种甜樱桃为研究材料,对高浓度CO2处理不同时间(48、96、144h)后的甜樱桃果实的呼吸强度、果实颜色以及相关酶活性进行了研究。结果表明,不同时间的高浓度CO2处理均不同程度地抑制了果实的PPO活性,尤其短时高浓度CO2处理明显地延缓了果皮的着色过程,抑制了果实的呼吸强度和PPO、POD酶活性以及降低了MDA含量,减轻了果实的褐变程度,贮藏后期果实保持较好的贮藏品质。     

板栗品种褐变度差异性及其多酚氧化酶活性的相关性研究

以37个板栗品种为试材,研究了板栗果实褐变差异性及其与多酚氧化酶（PPO）活性之间的关系,并根据褐变差异性对各品种进行聚类分析。结果表明:板栗不同品种间褐变差异显著（p<0.05）,根据褐变差异性聚类分析,可将37个品种可以分为5个等级;不同品种间PPO活性差异显著（p<0.05）;通过探讨不同品种间褐变度与PPO活性的关系,发现随着板栗品种间PPO活性的升高,褐变度也开始升高,当PPO活性达到90 U·min-1·g-1时,PPO活性对褐变影响开始降低;通过褐变聚类分析,将板栗PPO活性分为5类,在优选或改良品种时,可将品种的PPO活性在第一或第二类活性范围以下作为选择依据之一。      

硫代乙酸糠酯对鲜切茄子褐变的抑制作用

为延缓鲜切茄子在贮藏过程中的酶促褐变并延长其货架期,以鲜切茄子为试材,研究了最适浓度硫代乙酸糠酯（Furfuryl thioacetate,FT）处理对鲜切茄子感官质量评价、褐变度、褐变相关酶活性、总酚和醌含量及总抗氧化能力的影响。结果表明：0.64 mmol/L FT处理可抑制在低温贮藏条件下鲜切茄子的褐变,较好地保持其总体感官质量,延长鲜切茄子货架期至第5 d。进一步研究表明,与对照相比,0.64 mmol/L FT处理可以抑制鲜切茄子多酚氧化酶（Polyphenol oxidase,PPO）和过氧化物酶（Polyphenol oxidase,POD）的活性,提高苯丙氨酸解氨酶（Phenylalanine ammonialyase,PAL）的活性和DPPH自由基清除率,降低总酚和醌的含量。因此,FT作为一种新型褐变抑制剂能较好地延缓鲜切茄子的褐变并延长其货架期。     

不同采后处理对黄皮果实冷藏后货架期品质的影响

为探讨黄皮冷藏后货架期间的品质变化,研究热水和程序降温处理对(3±0.5)℃冷藏10 d后"大鸡心"黄皮果实货架期(25℃)2 d品质的影响。结果表明,与对照相比,热水和程序降温处理均可延缓果实失重率和果皮褐变指数的上升,减缓Vc的降解,抑制丙二醛(Malonaldehyde,MDA)含量升高,维持较高的超氧化物歧化酶(Superoxidedismutase,SOD)、过氧化物酶(Peroxidase,POD)和过氧化氢酶(Catalase,CAT)活性,和较低的多酚氧化酶(Polyphenol oxidase,PPO)活性;同时维持较高的总酚含量和抗氧化活性,延缓果实采后衰老,减轻黄皮果实褐变和延长货架期。其中程序降温处理Ⅱ(LTC Ⅱ;8℃/4 d)效果最显著,程序降温处理Ⅰ(LTC Ⅰ;12℃/4d)次之,50℃热水处理(50℃/30 s)再次之,55℃热水处理(55℃/30 s)效果最差。     

气调包装对带叶荔枝褐变及品质的影响

本文研究了在高氧（100% O2）气调包装条件下,带叶荔枝的营养品质以及褐变相关酶活性的变化规律。结果表明：与对照组(空气包装)相比,高氧气调包装抑制了荔枝的呼吸强度,相对应其呼吸过程产生的二氧化碳（CO2）量下降,降低了带叶荔枝贮藏前期和后期的褐变程度,显著抑制了过氧化物酶（POD）的活性,显著推迟了多酚氧化酶（PPO）活性高峰的出现,说明了带叶荔枝的褐变与POD、PPO两种酶有一定的相关性;在贮藏的前6 d,可溶性蛋白、花色素苷和总多酚的含量都比对照低,但在贮藏期的第9和12 d后,其含量比对照组要高;另外,高氧气调包装不利于荔枝汁维生素C（Vc）的含量的维持,而对可溶性固形物和可滴定酸的影响不明显。因此,高氧气调包装能够延缓带叶荔枝的褐变,但是不利于其果汁Vc含量的维持。     

气调包装对带叶荔枝褐变及品质的影响

本文研究了在高氧(100%O2)气调包装条件下,带叶荔枝的营养品质以及褐变相关酶活性的变化规律。结果表明:与对照组(空气包装)相比,高氧气调包装抑制了荔枝的呼吸强度,相对应其呼吸过程产生的二氧化碳(CO2)量下降,降低了带叶荔枝贮藏前期和后期的褐变程度,显著抑制了过氧化物酶(POD)的活性,显著推迟了多酚氧化酶(PPO)活性高峰的出现,说明了带叶荔枝的褐变与POD、PPO两种酶有一定的相关性;在贮藏的前6 d,可溶性蛋白、花色素苷和总多酚的含量都比对照低,但在贮藏期的第9和12 d后,其含量比对照组要高;另外,高氧气调包装不利于荔枝汁维生素C(Vc)的含量的维持,而对可溶性固形物和可滴定酸的影响不明显。因此,高氧气调包装能够延缓带叶荔枝的褐变,但是不利于其果汁Vc含量的维持。     

柠檬酸对鲜切莲藕酶促褐变的影响研究

研究柠檬酸处理的鲜切莲藕在4℃条件下贮藏15d期间,色差、整体感官质量(OVQ)、多酚氧化酶(PPO)活性、丙二醛(MDA)和总酚(TP)含量的变化。结果表明:与对照组相比,不同浓度的柠檬酸处理对鲜切莲藕的酶促褐变均有一定的抑制作用,且在本实验条件下,柠檬酸浓度越大,护色效果越好。对潜在机理的研究表明,1.5%的柠檬酸处理可显著降低鲜切莲藕中的PPO活性和MDA含量(p0.05),总酚含量在贮藏前期(0~3d)显著高于对照组(p0.05),柠檬酸对PPO和MDA的影响可能是其抑制鲜切莲藕酶促褐变的部分原因。本研究可为鲜切莲藕的保鲜护色提供一定的理论依据。     

微胶囊化防腐药剂防止红提葡萄小包装MA贮藏中SO2伤害的研究

红提葡萄采前喷淋经微胶囊化处理的防腐药剂(0.2%对羟基苯甲酸乙脂,0.2%新洁尔灭,1.5%β-环状糊精),入贮时在包装袋内放入低剂量的CT2SO2类保鲜剂(4袋/5kg果穗),在温度为-1℃、相对湿度为90%～95%条件下贮藏180d,和对照CK1(采前不作处理,使用7袋CT2/5kg果穗)、CK2(采前喷淋蒸馏水,使用7袋CT2/5kg果穗)相比较,漂白指数、腐烂率和果梗褐变指数分别降低68.32%和67.91%、65.93%和66.12%、25.73%和37.08%,穗轴褐变指数差异不显著;和对照CK3(采前喷淋未经微胶囊化处理的以上防腐药剂,使用4袋CT2/5kg果穗)相比较,漂白指数、腐烂率、果梗褐变指数和穗轴褐变指数分别降低18.18%、74.75%、67.00%和71.78%。     

Shelf-life of minimally processed cabbage treated with neutral electrolysed oxidising water and stored under equilibrium modified atmosphere

Minimally processed vegetables (MPV) have a short shelf-life. Neutral electrolysed oxidising water (NEW) is a novel decontamination method. The objective of this study was to test the potential of NEW to extend the shelf-life of a MPV, namely shredded cabbage. Samples of shredded cabbage were immersed in NEW containing 40 mg/L of free chlorine or tap water (control) up to 5 min, and then stored under equilibrium modified atmosphere at 4 degrees C and 7 degrees C. Proliferation of aerobic mesophilic bacteria, psychrotrophic bacteria, lactic acid bacteria and yeasts were studied during the shelf-life. Also pH and sensorial quality of the samples as well as O(2) and CO(2) composition of the headspace of the bags was evaluated. From the microbial groups, only psychrotrophic counts decreased significantly (P<0.05) due to the effect of NEW, but the counts in treated samples and controls were similar after 3 days of storage at 4 degrees C and 7 degrees C. Packaging configurations kept O(2) concentration around 5% and prevented CO(2) accumulation. pH increased from 6.1-6.2 to 6.4 during the shelf-life. No microbial parameter reached unacceptable counts after 14 days at 4 degrees C and 8 days of storage at 7 degrees C. The shelf-life of controls stored at 4 degrees C was limited to 9 days by overall visual quality (OVQ), while samples treated with NEW remained acceptable during the 14 days of the experiment. The shelf-life of controls stored at 7 degrees C was limited to 6 days by OVQ and browning, while that of samples treated with NEW were limited to 9 days by OVQ, browning and dryness. According to these results, a shelf-life extension of at least 5 days and 3 days in samples stored respectively at 4 degrees C and 7 degrees C can be achieved by treating shredded cabbage with NEW. NEW seems to be a promising method to prolong the shelf-life of MPV.     

山药化学成分及皂苷类成分药理作用的研究进展

本研究以‘长山细毛山药’菜山药及‘河南温县’铁棍山药为试验材料,研究在4 ℃贮藏0、30和60 d对鲜切山药货架期酚类物质含量和褐变关键酶活性的影响。结果表明,两种鲜切山药褐变指数均随货架期的延长而增大,但随着贮藏期的延长,菜山药的褐变指数较低,而铁棍山药的褐变指数则较高。货架期第8 d时,贮藏30 d的鲜切菜山药的褐变指数仅比贮藏60 d的低4.6%,差异不显著,而同期的鲜切铁棍山药其褐变指数比贮藏60 d的低8.4%,差异显著（P<0.05）。鲜切铁棍山药随着贮藏期和货架期的延长,其货架期内呼吸速率、乙烯释放量、木质素含量、酚类物质、绿原酸、褐变关键酶活性均增加;然而,鲜切菜山药呼吸速率、木质素含量随贮藏期的延长而下降,褐变关键酶活性随贮藏期的延长而呈先升后降的趋势,酚类物质货架后期有所上升,其他指标与铁棍山药的变化规律比较一致。进一步相关性分析表明,随着贮藏时间的延长,铁棍山药中酚类物质和酶活性变化较大,且与褐变指数呈正相关,而菜山药随着贮藏时间的变化,褐变指数只与酶活性之间成正相关性。总之,菜山药更适于鲜切加工,贮藏60 d其鲜切产品货架期可达8 d,而铁棍山药贮藏60 d鲜切产品货架期只有4 d。     

CO2冷海水预处理结合气调包装对南美白对虾品质的影响

研究CO₂冷海水处理结合气调包装对南美白对虾的保鲜效果。新鲜南美白对虾经饱和CO₂冷海水处理,采用不同气调包装（QT1,100% CO₂;QT2,40% CO₂+60% N₂;QT3,85% CO₂+5% O₂+10% N₂;QT4,40% CO₂+30% O₂+30% N₂）后于4℃冷藏,以普通空气包装（CK1）和真空包装（CK2）为对照,比较了贮藏过程中菌落总数、pH、挥发性盐基氮、多酚氧化酶活性、质构等指标的变化。结果表明,随贮藏时间的延长,菌落总数、pH、挥发性盐基氮均呈上升趋势,且显示较好的正相关性,多酚氧化酶活性明显下降,剪切力逐渐下降。QT1、QT2和QT3均可抑制贮藏期间菌落总数增加,减缓TVB-N上升速度,同时QT2和QT3可明显抑制多酚氧化酶活性,显示出良好的防褐变效果,在CO₂冷海水预处理的基础上进一步延长2~3 d的货架期。     

Effect of gamma irradiation and sulphitation treatments on keeping quality of white button mushroom Agaricus bisporus (J. Lge)

Gamma irradiation, alone and in combination with sulphitation, was tested for preventing the browning and maintaining the quality attributes of the white button mushrooms. Mushrooms were subjected to treatment of gamma irradiation in the dose range of 0.5–2.0 kGy and to combination treatments of sulphitation at a concentration of 0.1% potassium metabisulphite (KMS) and gamma irradiation (dose range 0.5–2.0 kGy) followed by storage at 10 ± 2 °C (RH 85%). A dose of 2.0 kGy significantly reduced the weight loss, prevented browning and mould growth. Cap and veil opening of mushrooms was delayed by 9 days and shelf life was extended by 12 days at a dose level of 2.0 kGy. Sulphitation alone at a concentration of 0.1% KMS was effective in controlling browning only upto 3 days, beyond which both browning and cap opening increased significantly ( P  ≤ 0.05) and the samples were unacceptable after 6 days of storage. No synergistic effect of sulphitation and irradiation was observed with respect to the shelf-life extension of mushroom.     

微波处理对货架期石榴品质的影响

利用微波炉对采后石榴果实进行辐照处理,研究处理后果实在货架期的生理变化及贮藏品质。结果表明：10～20s 短时微波处理可抑制果皮多酚氧化酶(PPO)活性,减轻果实的褐变程度,保持果皮较高的多酚含量,减缓可滴定酸(TA)含量降低的速度,较好的保持了可溶性固形物含量(SSC)。10～20s 是适宜的微波处理时间,超过20s会产生热伤害,加重果实褐变。     

Control of Enzymatic Browning in Pre-peeled Potatoes by Surface Digestion

Feasibility of lye digestion to remove surface tissues from peeled potatoes prior to treatment with browning inhibitors to extend shelf-life was investigated. Russet and round-white potatoes were digested in 14–20% NaOH at 35–55°C for 1–13 min. After removal of digested tissue, tubers were treated with ascorbic acid-based browning inhibitor. Browning was measured by tristimulus calorimetry. Digestion extended shelf-life of high pressure steam- and abrasion-peeled potatoes to 13–15 days at 4°C, compared to 3–11 days for undigested controls. Digestion resulted in weight losses of 12–26%, depending on treatment conditions. Lye digestion in conjunction with conventional browning inhibitors represents a viable alternative to sulfiting pre-peeled potatoes.     

Heated Ascorbic/Citric Acid Solution as Browning Inhibitor for Pre-Peeled Potatoes

Treatment of pre-peeled potatoes with heated ascorbic acid (AA)/citric acid (CA) solution to extend shelf-life was investigated. Potatoes were abrasion or high pressure steam peeled, heated for 5–20 min in 1% AA + 2% CA at 45–55°C cooled, and then dipped for 5 min in browning inhibitor (BI) solution containing 4% AA +1% CA +1% sodium acid pyrophosphate. Combined treatment inhibited potato discoloration for 14 days at 4°C compared to 3–6 days with BI treatment alone. Raw material and treatment conditions were selected to minimize graying and textural abnormalities encountered with some treatments. Treatment with heated AA/CA may be an alternative to use of sulfites to control browning in pre-peeled potatoes.     

基于近红外光谱和共轭梯度神经网络的板栗褐变检测

为了实现板栗褐变的无损检测,本实验以\     

采前涂膜处理对宣化牛奶葡萄贮藏生理及品质的影响

研究采前涂膜处理对宣化牛奶葡萄的采后贮藏生理及保鲜效果。经采前挂蔓涂膜处理的牛奶葡萄在0℃条件贮藏100d,贮藏期间测定了果实的呼吸强度、乙烯释放量、总酚含量、叶绿素含量、可滴定酸含量等生理和品质指标。结果表明：采前涂膜处理可以显著抑制宣化牛奶葡萄果实在贮藏过程中的呼吸强度,处理组果实的呼吸强度比对照低42.5%～53.8%、并在一定程度上减少果实的乙烯释放量;采前涂膜能有效控制葡萄腐烂,贮藏结束时(100d)对照组腐烂率达75.3%,而涂膜处理组的腐烂率只有5.2%。同时可以减少褐变,贮藏75d时处理组的褐变指数比对照低81.6%。保持果实鲜绿色,处理组果实果皮叶绿素含量在50d和75d时为0.04mg/g和0.33mg/g,而对照组则为0.02mg/g和0.015mg/g;也可以保持葡萄果实可溶性固形物、可滴定酸含量,保持感官品质,延长保鲜期约50d。