Statistical analysis of multi-look polarimetric SAR imagery

With a multiplicative speckle model, this paper shows the multi-look polarimetric synthetic aperture radar (SAR) data obeys a generalized K-distribution. To validate this distribution model, the multi-look intensity K-distribution is particularly tested. The relationship between the heterogeneity coefficient of the scene and the proper statistical model is experimentally established. In addition, based on the results of the statistical analysis, an adaptive classification scheme is presented, and the improved classification shows the importance of the statistical analysis.     

Study on speckle reduction in multi-look polarimetric SAR image

This paper studies the speckle reduction in multi-look polarimetric synthetic aperture radar (SAR) image. A multi-look polarimetric whitening filtering (MPWF) method is presented and extended to form a fully polarimetric filter with multi-channel output. The paper also quantifies the speckle reduction amount achievable by the MPWF, and compares the MPWF with the span, weighting and power equalization methods. Experimental results with the NASA/JPL L-band 4-look polarimetric SAR data verify the effectiveness and superiority of the MPWF, and show that the MPWF is of great advantage for enhancing SAR image classification.     

多视极化合成孔径雷达图象的分类和极化通道优化

本文提出一个新的最大似然(ML)分类算法对多视全极化合成孔径雷达(SAR)图象进行分类,给出了应用NASA/JPL机载L波段四视全极化SAR实测数据的试验结果,证明了新算法的有效性。此外,本文还将所提算法应用于部分的多视全极化SAR数据中,实现了地貌类型分类的极化通道优化。     

一种新的多视全极化SAR目标检测器及其性能分析

本文提出一个新的多视极化合成雷达（SAR）的目标检测算法，对均匀和非均匀的杂波及目标模型，分析了该算法的检测性能，给出了检测统计的精确表达式。模拟实验结果表明，本文所提出的目标检测算法明显优于全功率检测算法和利用单通道强度的检测算法。     

多视极化SAR图象相干斑抑制的研究

本文研究多视极化合成孔径雷达(SAR)图象的相干斑抑制,提出多视极化白化滤波(MPWF)法,并进一步将它发展成具有多通道输出的全极化滤波器。本文还定量地分析了MPWF方法抑制相干斑的能力,并在理论上同全功率法、加权法和功率均衡法进行了比较。应用NASA/JPL机载L波段四视全极化SAR数据的试验结果验证了所提方法的有效性和优越性,也说明了MPWF处理能显著地提高SAR图象的分类精度。     

多视全极化合成孔径雷达图象的统计分析

本文基于乘性相干斑模型,推导出多视全极化合成孔径雷达(SAR)数据的无条件分布模型广义的K分布,将从中演绎出的单通道多视强度K分布与几种典型地表的实测数据的统计直方图和几种常用的分布模型进行比较,经验地建立了场景纹理的非均匀性与合适的统计分布模型之间的关系。此外,应用统计分析的结果,本文还提出了一个自适应的地貌类型分类方法,使分类精度得到明显提高,说明了统计分析的重要性。     

全极化合成孔径雷达多视图像的极化特征分析

该文基于乘性相干斑模型,对全极化合成孔径雷达多视图像的极化特征参数(同极化比、交叉极化比和同极化相位差)进行了分析,利用实际的模拟数据对特征参数的PDF进行了拟合测试,分析了多视极化特征参数的统计特性对极化相干斑抑制算法的影响。利用极化比和相位差的特点,对地物进行分类,所得分类精度与利用最优极化分类法的分类精度具有可比性。     

Classification of multifrequency polarimetric SAR imagery using adynamic learning neural network

A practical method for extracting microwave backscatter for terrain-cover classification is presented. The test data are multifrequency (P, L, C bands) polarimetric SAR data acquired by JPL over an agricultural area called “Flevoland”. The terrain covers include forest, water, bare soil, grass, and eight other types of crops. The radar response of crop types to frequency and polarization states were analyzed for classification based on three configurations: 1) multifrequency and single-polarization images; 2) single-frequency and multipolarization images; and 3) multifrequency and multipolarization images. A recently developed dynamic learning neural network was adopted as the classifier. Results show that using partial information, P-band multipolarization images and multiband hh polarization images have better classification accuracy, while with a full configuration, namely, multiband and multipolarization, gives the best discrimination capability. The overall accuracy using the proposed method can be as high as 95% with a total of thirteen cover types classified. Further reduction of the data volume by means of correlation analysis was conducted to single out the minimum data channels required. It was found that this method efficiently reduces the data volume while retaining highly acceptable classification accuracy     

The fast fixed-point algorithm for speckle reduction of polarimetric SAR image

In this letter, a simple and efficient method of image speckle reduction for polarimetric SAR is put forward. It is based on the fast fixed-polnt ICA (Independent Component Analysis) algorithm of orthogonal and symmetric matrix. Simulation experiment is carried out to separate speckle noise from the polarimetric SAR images, and it indicates that this algorithm has high convergency speed and stability, the image speckle noise is reduced effectively and the speckle index is low. and the image quality is improved obviously.     

SVM全极化SAR图像分类中的特征选择

本文将SVM用于全极化SAR图像分类,并提出一种新的应用于SVM分类的特征选择算法。该算法以支持向量个数作为特征评估准则,利用顺序前进法加入特征。基于NASA/JPL实验室AIRSAR系统的L波段荷兰Flevoland全极化数据的与RELIEF-F算法的对比实验表明,在特征个数更少(或相当)的情况下,本文特征选择算法能在更广泛的SVM参数取值范围内获得更高的分类精度。     

Intensity and phase statistics of multilook polarimetric andinterferometric SAR imagery

Polarimetric and interferometric SAR data are frequently multilook processed for speckle reduction and data compression. The statistical characteristics of multilook data are quite different from those of single-look data. The authors investigate the statistics of their intensity and phase. Probability density function (PDF's) of the multilook phase difference, magnitude of complex product, and intensity and amplitude ratios between two components of the scattering matrix are derived, and expressed in closed forms. The PDF's depend on the complex correlation coefficient and the number of looks. Comparisons of these theoretically derived PDF's are made to measurements from NASA/JPL AIRSAR data. The results of this paper can be applied to feature classification using polarimetric SAR and to the estimation of decorrelation effects of the interferometric SAR     

极化雷达图像目标相干系数判据的检测研究

由理想目标散射矢量与待识目标散射矢量的相干系数判据,对待识目标进行检测与同类识别. 利用复旦大学电磁波信息科学教育部重点实验室的散射计算软件BART进行理想目标极化散射计算,构造目标散射矢量,并进行合成孔径雷达（Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)成像模拟. 以此目标成像模拟数据作为目标识别样本,对全极化系统Pi-SAR观测海面养殖箱的成像数据,研究其相干系数判据的检测与识别. 结果表明该方法是有效的.     

基于极化SAR图像分类的海上舰船检测

本文针对极化熵类检测方法的不足,在极化特征分解以及Touzi等人工作的基础上,提出了能够更全面的表征舰船和杂波差别的特征矢量,并提出了一种基于特征矢量的非监督分类方法。使用该方法进行海上舰船的检测,不仅取得了很好的舰船和海面的分离效果,而且也得到了较好的舰船与其他人造目标的区分效果。实测数据的检测结果证明该分类方法具有很好的收敛性,是一种有效的舰船检测方法。     

用小波变换抑制SAR图像中的斑点噪声

抑制合成孔径雷达图像中的斑点噪声一直是处理图像并得到准确图像信息的难点,提出了一种基于小波变换抑制合成孔径雷达（SAR）图像中的斑点噪声的方法,对原有的小波变换方法作了改进,能更好地保留图像的边缘信息,并能简化计算量。在仿真实验中使用了合成的模拟图像和真实的合成孔径雷图像,并与以往的小波去噪滤波方法以及一些经典的斑点噪声滤波方法（包括中值滤波,Lee滤波,Frost滤波）进行比较,在综合考虑了滤波算法在均匀区域对斑点噪声的抑制能力以及保留边缘信息能力的情况下,提出的算法有更好的效果。     

极化SAR图像分类综述

对极化SAR(合成孔径雷达)图像分类进行综述.首先建立简略的极化SAB图像分类技术发展流程,并对国内外研究机构在该领域的主要研究成果进行归纳;然后对用于极化SAR图像分类的众多特征进行分类整理,指出其物理意义及在图像分类中的优缺点,并从有监督和无监督的角度综述了现有的极化SAR图像分类方法;最后对极化SAR图像分类存在的问题进行归纳,并指出将来的研究方向.     

极化SAR遥感中森林特征的提取

提出了极化散射矩阵总功率、极化熵、相似性参数的组合表达式。通过特征值分析可得该组合表达式的最优系数。该表达式对森林地区的特征敏感,所以可用来检测森林地区。使用中国天山地区的极化SAR数据,验证了所提方法是有效的。     

Downward looking sparse linear array 3D SAR imaging algorithm based on back-projection and convex optimization

Downward Looking Sparse Linear Array Three Dimensional SAR （DLSLA 3D SAR） is an important form of 3D SAR imaging,which has a widespread application field.Since its practical equivalent phase centers are usually distributed sparsely and nonuniformly,traditional 3D SAR algorithms suffer from low resolution and high sidelobes in cross-track dimension.To deal with this problem,this paper introduces a method based on back-projection and convex optimization to achieve 3D high accuracy imaging reconstruction.Compared with traditional SAR algorithms,the proposed method sufficiently utilizes the sparsity of the 3D SAR imaging scene and can achieve lower sidelobes and higher resolution in cross-track dimension.In the simulated experiments,the reconstructed results of both simple and complex imaging scene verify that the proposed method outperforms 3D back-projection algorithm and shows satisfying cross-track dimensional resolution and good robustness to noise.     

基于Fisher分布的极化合成孔径雷达统计建模及其参数估计方法

为更准确地描述高分辨极化合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar, SAR)图像的尖峰和长拖尾等统计分布特性, 提出了基于Fisher分布的极化图像多变量乘积模型, 并研究了其参数估计方法.首先给出了柯西分布相干斑噪声等效纹理分量的概率密度函数及其低阶矩特征;然后利用散射因子服从F分布的等效纹理变量与高斯散斑变量相乘形成的多变量乘积统计模型, 得到了Fisher分布模型的概率密度函数, 并推导了其多视协方差矩阵的概率密度函数和矩阵行列式值的低阶矩特征;最后提出了基于矩阵行列式值的矩估计和基于Mellin变换的对数累积量估计等两种参数估计方法, 并进行了对比, 同时通过仿真数据和实测数据验证了理论模型和新参数估计方法的有效性.这为高分辨极化SAR图像建模、目标检测和识别等领域的理论研究和工程实现提供了新途径.