导电聚苯胺／聚醋酸乙烯酯复合膜的合成及特征

以过硫酸铵为氧化剂,盐酸为掺杂剂,采用原位氧化聚合法合成了聚苯胺（ＰＡｎ）／聚醋酸乙烯酯（ＰＶＡｃ）复合材料,通过溶液浇铸的方法制成了性能优良的可溶性导电自支撑复合膜,电导率达到１０－２Ｓ·ｃｍ－１;考察各种反应条件对复合膜电导率的影响,获得了最佳聚合反应条件．用扫描电镜和红外光谱对导电复合膜的表面形态及组成进行表征,并进行了环境稳定性的测试．     

导电聚乳酸/聚苯胺复合膜的制备及表征

用乳液聚合法制备了导电聚乳酸/聚苯胺复合膜并对其进行了表征。探讨了复合膜的制备工艺对电导率的影响并通过扫描电镜、红外光谱检测复合膜的表面特征和结构特点,使用四点探针法测定各种不同苯胺质量含量复合膜的电导率,体外细胞实验测试复合膜的生物相容性。结果表明:聚苯胺分散在聚乳酸膜中,形成了相互连通的多孔结构;红外光谱检测有聚乳酸和聚苯胺的特征峰;复合膜的导电率随聚苯胺质量含量上升而增加,当聚苯胺的质量含量为15%时,电导率达到2.31×10-3S/cm;体外细胞实验证明,复合膜有比纯聚乳酸更好的生物相容性,可以显著促进细胞生长。     

聚苯胺复合导电薄膜的研制

采用原位化学氧化聚合方法合成了聚苯胺（ＰＡｎ）／聚乙烯醇（ＰＶＡ）和聚苯胺（ＰＡｎ）／聚醋酸乙烯酯（ＰＶＡｃ）复合材料,通过浇铸成型的方法,制备了性能优良的可溶性自支撑导电复合薄膜,采用标准四电极法测得它们的电导率处于１０＾－４～１０＾－２Ｓ．ｃｍ＾－１范围,对聚合反应的各种影响因素进行了试验研究,获得了较佳的聚合物反应条件和成膜条件,并且对导电复合膜的理化性能进行了表征。     

磁场作用对苯胺聚合行为及产物性能的影响

在不同强度磁场作用下,采用苯胺／乳化剂／助乳化剂／水四元微乳液体系,经化学氧化制备聚苯胺。研究磁场对苯胺聚合反应速度、聚苯胺相对分子质量及其电导率的影响,并利用红外光谱对聚苯胺的分子结构进行表征。研究结果表明,磁场作用能够加快反应速度,提高聚苯胺的相对分子质量和电导率,对聚苯胺基本单元结构没有影响;在所研究的磁感应强度范围内,0．4T的磁场对苯胺聚合反应影响最为显著,能使聚合反应时间由4h缩短到1h,特性黏度由53．4mL／g提高到72．6mL／g,电导率提高近1倍。     

四探针法测聚苯胺膜电导率的探讨

采用分散聚合反应体系,原位沉积制备聚苯胺/聚酰亚胺/聚苯胺(PANI/PI/PANI)导电复合膜。根据四探针法测量薄片电导率时对厚度的修正理论,推导出厚度在数字式四探针测量仪厚度修正范围之外的聚苯胺膜电导率测试值的"厚度修正"方法。为验证该厚度修正方法的准确性,将所制备的同等电化学性质的聚苯胺颗粒进行压片,制备出厚度在现有测量仪厚度修正范围之内的聚苯胺薄片,并用四探针法测其电导率。对比2种方法所测的聚苯胺电导率,结果表明,2种方法测得的电导率数量级一致,说明该厚度修正方法是相对准确的。     

导电聚苯胺的微乳液聚合

采用微乳液聚合方法合成导电聚苯胺（ＰＡｎ）。通过对配方和工艺条件进行筛选,在温度为１５℃、苯胺０．１ｍｏｌ／Ｌ、（ＮＨ４）２Ｓ２Ｏ８０．１２ｍｏｌ／Ｌ、ＳＡ有机酸０．２６ｍｏｌ／Ｌ的条件下,合成了电导率达９．１Ｓ／ｃｍ的聚苯胺。与传统乳液聚俣相比,微乳液聚合法可大大缩短聚合时间（３ｈ,所得产物的电导率和产率优于采用传统乳液聚合法合成的聚苯胺。并用红外光谱对其结构进行了研究。     

质子酸掺杂聚苯胺的电磁参数及吸波性能研究

探讨不同质子酸掺杂对聚苯胺结构、电磁参数及吸波性能的影响．采用化学氧化法将HCl,H2SO4,DBSA（十二烷基苯磺酸）,TSA（甲基苯磺酸）,SSA（磺基水杨酸）分别制备了二次掺杂聚苯胺．通过FTIR,Uv—Vis、四探针法、四态四端口测试系统分析了掺杂聚苯胺光谱特性、电导率、电磁参数及吸波性能．结果表明,质子酸掺杂聚苯胺的光谱特征吸收峰发生了不同程度的红移,电导率在0．12～0．79S／cm范围,属有机半导体材料．质子酸掺杂聚苯胺的微波吸收主要以介电损耗为主,在9．3GHz的最大微波吸收达到-5dB．     

PAMPS/PVDF中空纤维凝胶复合膜的制备及其性能研究

制备了PAMPS／PVDF中空纤维凝胶复合膜，通过傅里叶红外光谱(FTIR)和扫描电子显微镜(SEM)对其进行了测试、表征，并研究了复合膜渗透性能的环境(pH值、离子强度)响应性．结果表明，凝胶复合膜不仅保留了PVDF基膜的优良性能，同时又具有聚电解质凝胶PAMPS的某些特性，其通量随pH值的增大而减小，随离子强度的增大而增大．     

微乳液法制备聚苯胺/涤纶导电织物

用等离子体对涤纶表面进行处理，再采用微乳液法制备聚苯胺／涤纶导电织物，研究了反应条件对织物导电率的影响，并对样品进行了差热分析、红外光谱分析等测试。所得样品上的聚苯胺颜色均匀，牢度高，粒度细腻，热稳定性好。     

导电聚苯胺的合成及对电磁屏蔽涂料屏蔽效能的影响

用盐酸作掺杂剂合成电导率达15S／cm的导电聚苯胺,讨论氧化剂的用量、盐酸的浓度、反应时间、反应温度等因素对聚苯胺（PAn）导电性的影响,并得到了最佳实验条件：氧化剂：苯胺：盐酸=1：2：4,盐酸浓度1mol／L,反应温度0℃,反应时间4h。此外,测试结果表明,在体积分数为10％Ni的导电涂料中加入5％所制的导电聚苯胺后,涂料的屏蔽效能显著提高,这是形成了更多有利于电子运动的导电网络所致。     

可溶性聚吡咯复合导电薄膜（PPY／PMMA）的研制

通过化学氧化法，在聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯的乙酸乙酯溶液中，实施吡咯的原位聚合反应，生成可溶性的聚吡咯-聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯基体的复合溶液体系，利用溶剂挥发的方法，可以制得有良好力学性能的聚吡咯-聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯基体的复合薄膜，用四电极法测定导电率，在吡咯的含量达到30%时，复合薄膜的导电率达到最大值，达3S/m；该薄膜在空气中有良好的稳定性，并对影响聚合反应的诸因素（温度、时间、基体含量进行试验研究。     

AMPS对PEO/PMMA固态聚合物电解质电导率的影响

针对固态聚合物电解质室温电导率较低的问题,采用刮膜法制备了PEO/PMMA/LiClO_4/AM PS共混聚合物电解质,考察了2-丙烯酰胺-2-甲基丙磺酸(AM PS)的端基磺酸基团对电解质性能的影响.结果表明,添加AMPS后,红外图谱中出现了由C—O的拉伸振动和SO_3~(2-)的络合作用所引起的尖峰.PMMA与PEO共混后,大大降低了PEO的结晶度,且添加AMPS后,电解质形成了完全均相体系.AMPS的添加使得电解质的电导率明显提升了两个数量级.当AMPS的质量分数为1.3%时,电解质的室温电导率达到最大值.添加同样含有端基磺酸基团的液晶离聚物(LCI)后,电解质的电导率无明显提升,因而可以选择磺酸基团质量比更高的AMPS作为添加剂.     

石墨烯压阻复合材料及其在裂纹监测中的应用

为了弥补现有柔性应变传感器在健康监测上的不足,以还原氧化石墨烯（rGO）为导电填料,纳米纤维素（CNF）为分散剂和结构骨架,硅橡胶（PDMS）为聚合物弹性基体,采用溶液共混和溶剂挥发法,制备具有压阻效应的弹性复合材料. 对复合材料进行微观结构、力学、电学和机敏性能分析,结果表明,CNF能有效协助rGO在PDMS基体中均匀分散,形成稳定的三维增强和导电网络,提高复合材料的弹性模量和电导率. 当rGO、CNF占PDMS的质量分数分别为10%、3%时,复合材料的弹性模量最大为2.53 MPa,电导率为0.34 S/m. 当复合材料薄膜应变小于10%时,电阻相对变化量与应变呈线性关系,灵敏系数最大为63,对应rGO、CNF的质量分数分别为10%、3%;当应变大于10%时,呈指数变化. 分析复合材料的力电响应机理,将复合材料应用于材料或构件疲劳裂纹的监测中,设计应力强度因子薄膜传感器,并通过理论分析验证其可行性.     

Characterization and thermal conductivity of modified graphite/fatty acid eutectic/PMMA form-stable phase change material

We prepared and characterized a form-stable composite phase change material (PCM) with higher thermal conductivity. Capric acid(CA)-myristic acid(MA) eutectic as core, poly-methyl methacrylate (PMMA) as supportive matrix and modified graphite (MG) powders serving as the thermal conductance improver were blended by bulk-polymerization method. The composite PCMs with different MG mass fraction (2%, 5%, 7%, 10% and 15%) were characterized by FT-IR, SEM, DSC technique and mechanical tests. Thermal conductivities of the composites were measured by transient hot-wire method. The results indicate that MG powders have been successfully inserted into the CA-MA/PMMA matrix without any chemical reaction with each other. The MG/CA-MA/PMMA composites maintain good thermal storage performance while the thermal conductivity has been enhanced significantly. The composite PCM added with 15 wt% MG powders increases approximately as 195.9% in thermal conductivity. Moreover, the thermal conductivity improvement of the composite PCMs is also verified by the melting-freezing experiment, which is profitable for the heat transfer efficiency in latent heat thermal energy storage system.     

复合凝胶聚合物电解质的制备及电化学性能

以偏氟乙烯和六氟丙烯共聚物为基体,通过与聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯共混,加入导电盐LiPFs、增塑剂聚乙烯吡咯烷酮,制备了高电导率的复合凝胶聚合物电解质（CGPE）。用红外光谱测试了聚合物电解质膜的结构,用交流阻抗法测试了CGPE的导电性能,用线性扫描伏安法研究了它的电化学稳定性。测试了以CGPE为电解质制备的锂离子电池的充放电性能。结果表明,当聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯（PMMA）质量分数为20％时,CGPE电导率大于10^-3s／cm,在4．65V电化学窗口以下稳定。以磷酸亚铁锂为正极时,在0．1C和0．2C倍率下放电时,聚合物电解质电池的首次放电容量分别为138mAh／g和98．3mAh／g。     

Effects of Thickness on the Electrical Conductivity of Sputtered YSZ Film with Nanocrystalline Columnar Microstructure

In order to investigate the effect of the thickness on the electrical conductivity of yttriastabilized zirconia(YSZ) film, the nanocrystalline columnar-structured YSZ film with thickness of 0.67-2.52 μm was prepared by magnetron sputtering through controlling the deposition time. All the sputtered films with different thicknesses consist of the main phase of cubic YSZ as well as a small amount of monoclinic YSZ. The thicker films exhibit a typical columnar grain structure based on the fractured cross-sectional SEM observations. The average diameters of columnar grains increase from about 40 nm to 100 nm with the film thickness from 0.67 μm to 2.52 μm according to TEM analysis. The thinnest YSZ film with 0.67 μm thickness shows the highest apparent electrical conductivity in the four films in 400-800 ℃ due to the contribution from the highly conductive film/substrate interfacial region. On the other hand, the real electrical conductivities of YSZ films increase with film thickness from 0.67 μm to 2.52 μm after eliminating the contribution of the film/substrate interface. The increasing film thickness leads to the grain growth as well as the decrement in the volumetric fraction of the resistive columnar grain boundary and a consequent higher real electrical conductivity.     

CdO - ZnO复合薄膜的光电学特性研究

采用磁控溅射技术制备了不同原子百分比的CdO - ZnO复合薄膜,并利用X射线衍射仪、扫描电子显微镜、紫外可见近红外分光光度计、四探针电阻测试仪研究了薄膜的结构和光电学特性.研究表明:适量增加CdO掺杂量可提高薄膜在近红外区域的透射率; CdO - ZnO复合薄膜的光学带隙和电阻率随CdO含量的增加而减小,且当CdO和ZnO的原子百分比为4:1时薄膜的带隙和电阻率分别为2.09 eV和10.79×10^-3 Ω·cm.该研究结果可为制备高导电性和高透过率的薄膜提供参考.     

The Smart Behavior of Cement-based Composite Containing Carbon Fibers under Three-point-bending Load

1Introduction Intrinsicconductivecementbasedcompositeshavereceivedmuchattentionduringthelastdecades,becauseoftheirinterestingpotentialapplication,suchasbeingutilizedforthenondestructionoftheintegrityofconcretestructures,electromagneticinterferenceshieldin…     

Preparation and Properties of Paraffin/PMMA Shape-stabilized Phase Change Material for Building Thermal Energy Storage

The composite phase change material(PCM) consisting of phase change paraffin(PCP) and polymethyl methacrylate(PMMA) was prepared as a novel type of shape-stabilized PCM for building energy conservation through the method of bulk polymerization. The chemical structure, morphology, phase change temperature and enthalpy, and mechanical properties of the composite PCM were studied to evaluate the encapsulation effect of PMMA on PCP and determine the optimal composition proportion. FTIR and SEM results revealed that PCP was physically immobilized in the PMMA so that its leakage from the composite was prevented. Based on the thermo-physical and mechanical properties investigations, the optimal mass fraction of PCP in the composite was determined as 70%. The phase change temperature of the composite was close to that of PCP, and its latent heat was equivalent to the calculated value according to the mass fraction of PCP in the composite. For estimating the usability in practical engineering, thermal stability, reliability and temperature regulation performance of the composite were also researched by TG analysis, thermal cycling treatments and heating-cooling test. The results indicated that PCP/PMMA composite PCM behaved good thermal stability depending on the PMMA protection and its latent heat degraded little after 500 thermal cycling. Temperature regulation performance of the composite before and after thermal cycling was both noticeable due to its latent heat absorption and release in the temperature variation processes. The PCP/PMMA phase change plate was fabricated and applied as thermal insulator in miniature concrete box to estimate its temperature regulation effect under the simulated environmental condition. It can be concluded that this kind of PCP/PMMA shape-stabilized PCM with the advantages of no leakage, suitable phase change temperature and enthalpy, good thermal stability and reliability, and effective temperature regulation performance have much potential for thermal energy storage in building energy conservation.     

高分子／液晶复合膜的结构与电光性质

以聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯及其改性物聚酰亚胺作为膜的基体，与向列型混合液晶ＧＲ－６３制成复合膜及其液晶盒。通过ＤＳＣ和扫描电子显微镜考察了复合膜的组分间相互作用及复合膜的相分离结构，并且研究了以该复合膜所制成的液晶盒的某些光开关性质及其相应的影响因素。