Optimizing Multiple-Pollutant Waste Load Allocation in Rivers: An Interval Parameter Game Theoretic Model

In this paper, a new methodology is developed for optimal multiple-pollutant waste load allocation (MPWLA) in rivers considering the main existing uncertainties. An interval optimization method is used to solve the MPWLA problem. Different possible scenarios for treatment of pollution loads are defined and corresponding treatment costs are taken into account in an interval parameter optimization model. A QUAL2Kw-based water quality simulation model is developed and calibrated to estimate the concentration of the water quality variables along the river. Two non-cooperative and cooperative multiple-pollutant scenario-based models are proposed for determining waste load allocation policies in rivers. Finally, a new fuzzy interval solution concept for cooperative games, namely, Fuzzy Boundary Interval Variable Least Core (FIVLC), is developed for reallocating the total fuzzy benefit obtained from discharge permit trading among waste load dischargers. The results of applying the proposed methodology to the Zarjub River in Iran illustrate its effectiveness and applicability in multiple-pollutant waste load allocation in rivers.     

袁河新泉乡段梯级溢流堰水动力模拟及侵蚀分析

为了分析梯级溢流堰对袁河新泉乡段河道行洪及河床抗冲的影响,优化河道治理工程中溢流堰布置,建立了将拦河溢流堰作为闭边界条件的二维水动力数值模型,采用非结构化网格的有限体积法,对比分析了十年一遇洪水情况下梯级溢流堰建设前后河道水动力、河道水位、流场沿程变化特征,讨论了溢流堰布置对河道防洪及冲刷的影响.结果表明,在十年一遇洪...     

A Nonlinear Interval Model for Water and Waste Load Allocation in River Basins

In this paper, a new methodology is proposed for simultaneous allocation of water and waste load in river basins. A nonlinear interval number optimization model is used to incorporate the uncertainties of model inputs and parameters. In this methodology, the bounds of the uncertain inputs are only required, not necessarily knowing their probability density or fuzzy membership functions. In the proposed model, the existing uncertainties in water demands and monthly available water are considered in the optimization model. Also the economic and environmental impacts of water allocation to the agricultural water users are taken into account. To have an equitable water and waste load allocation, benefits are reallocated to water users using some solution concepts of the cooperative game theory. Results of applying the methodology to the Dez river system in south-western part of Iran show its effectiveness and applicability for water and waste load allocation in an uncertain environment.     

Optimal Design of Barrage Profile on Anisotropic Soil Using Multi‐Objective Optimization Approach

Weirs and barrages are costly hydraulic diversion structures; therefore, any attempt to improve their design is a worthy contribution. Diversion structures, such as weir or barrage, may be designed on permeable formations considering homogenous soil properties. But in reality, soil properties are hardly homogeneous. In this paper, an approach is described to determine an economically efficient barrage profile by considering soil’s anisotropic behaviour. Hydraulic conductivity is considered to be an anisotropic soil property. An optimization-based methodology is developed to obtain the optimal barrage profile. The minimization of the material cost and minimization of the exit gradient is considered for multi-objective formulation. The multi-objective formulation is solved using NSGA-II, and a Pareto optimal front is obtained for different degrees of anisotropy. The flow interaction under a diversion structure in anisotropic soil is incorporated using the Modified Lane theory and is embedded in optimization formulation. The developed methodology is illustrated with a barrage profile as a hydraulic structure. A parametric study is carried out to study the effects of varying barrage design elements on the barrage’s optimum material cost.

     

Development of Optimization Schemes for Floodplain Management; A Case Study

In this paper, two optimization models are presented. The first model is developed to determine economical combination of permanent and emergency flood control options and the second one is used to determine the optimal crop pattern along a river based on the assigned flood control options by the first optimization model. The optimal combination of flood protection options is determined to minimize flood damages and construction cost of flood control options along the river using the genetic algorithm (GA) optimization model. In order to consider the effects of flood control options on hydraulic characteristics of flow, two hydrological routing models for the reservoir and the river are coupled with the optimization model. Discharge–elevation and elevation–damage curves obtained based on separate hydraulic simulations of the river are used for flood damage calculations in the optimization model. The parameters of a hydrologic river routing model are also calibrated using the developed hydraulic model results. The proposed model is applied to the Kajoo river in the south-eastern part of Iran. The results demonstrate an economical integration of permanent and emergency flood control options along the river which include minimum expected value of damages related to floods with different return periods and construction cost of flood control options. Finally the resulting protection scheme is used for land use planning through identifying the optimal crop mix along the river. In this approach, the objective function of the optimization model is an economic function with a probabilistic framework to maximize the net benefit of agricultural activities. The study exhibits the importance of floodplain management and land use planning to achieve the development goals in the river basins.     

Multi-Objective Surface Water Resource Management Considering Conflict Resolution and Utility Function Optimization

In the present research, a multi-objective model is developed for surface water resource management in the river basin area which is connected to the lake. This model considers different components of sustainable water resource management including economic, social and environmental aspects, and simultaneously tries to resolve conflicts between different stakeholders by means of non-symmetric Nash bargaining, which is linked to the multi-objective optimization method. This study proposes a new methodology to improve Nash Conflict Resolution through finding the optimum degree of the utility function. The proposed model is examined in the Zarrineh River basin in Iran. The results show that the amount of available resources or volume of reservoirs play a significant role in determining the optimal degree of the utility function and efficiency of the proposed method in such a way that the higher amount of resources or the larger reservoirs will result in the higher optimal degree of the utility function. In the proposed multi-objective model, two different amounts of surface water inflow are considered. The first assumed amount is the long-term average flow rate and the second one is equal to 80% of the first mode, which is reduced based on the estimated impacts of climate changes. This multi-objective allocation model could supply 100 and 97.5% of the environmental demand of Lake Urmia in the first and second situations, respectively.     

赣江石虎塘航电枢纽船闸引航道口门区通航水流条件试验研究

结合赣江石虎塘枢纽工程水工模型对其船闸引航道通航水流条件进行了细致研究,试验观测表明:由于赣江属于宽浅性平原河流,滩槽分布明显,水流条件顺畅,流态良好,上下游通航水流条件能够满足设计船舶的安全航行,但为了节省工程量和投资,对工程进行优化,将上下游引航道外引航墙进行适当缩短后,经水工模型试验研究发现:该优化工程措施值得在同类平原河道低闸坝枢纽船闸中借鉴。     

深圳河四期蓄滞洪区物理模型试验方法研究

深圳河治理工程四期滞洪区模型试验的难点在于非恒定流自动控制系统和下游河道尾门水位控制的不确定性。通过经验公式计算和水槽试验优选模型加糙方案,下游尾门处采用复合堰的控制方法实现水位—流量自拟合功能,对深圳河滞洪区溢流堰结构形式、溢流堰与下游堤防衔接方式,以及溢流堰堰顶高程进行优化试验研究。试验结果表明,优化后的设计方案工效效果显著,可推广至类似滞洪区模型试验控制。     

基于NSGA-Ⅱ方法的三峡水库汛末蓄水期多目标生态调度研究

为充分发挥三峡水库的经济效益和生态效益,建立了以三峡水电站发电量最大和下游河道适宜生态流量改变度最小为目标的水库优化调度模型,基于生态水文学法量化了下游河道适宜生态流量。为有效求解多目标优化问题,引入带有精英保留策略的非支配排序遗传算法(non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm,NSGA-II)作为调度模型的寻优算法。通过比较2015年调度期内三峡水库优化调度方案和现行调度方案的发电效益和生态效益表明:提高生态流量改变度0.63%可使发电量增加2.32%,降低0.58%的发电量将生态流量改变度降低8.86%。该算法避免了对多目标进行加权求解的盲目性,能获得多个兼顾两个目标且分布均匀、收敛性较好的优化调度方案,为决策者提供了多种可行的选择。研究成果为三峡水库蓄水优化调度提供理论依据和具体方案参考。     

基于多目标遗传算法的水资源优化配置

文章基于进化计算思想提出了水资源优化配置的多目标遗传算法,建立了基于并列选择多目标遗传算法的水资源优化配置模型.并结合实例分析,求出水资源优化配置问题的Pareto最优解.优化结果表明,该算法应用在水资源优化配置中是合理、有效的.     

水资源全要素配置框架下的三次平衡分析理论研究与应用

本文在回顾水资源配置历程的基础上,针对当前新形势下水资源配置的基本要求在原有三次平衡分析基础上,提出了水资源全要素优化配置框架下新的三次平衡分析。水资源全要素配置模式下的三次平衡分析是从水量的供需平衡、污染物排污总量控制和水功能区水质达标以及河道生态流量要求等多重目标出发,根据供水、治污和水环境保护要求进行分层次分阶段分析,为实行最严格水资源管理制度提供了强有力的技术支撑。     

改进的风险决策及NSGA-Ⅱ方法在马莲河流域水资源综合管理中的应用

将马莲河流域系统概化为5个水资源分区,采用指标分析法进行2020和2030年供需水量预测和平衡分析。利用改进的决策树法进行风险分析,将专家咨询概率法引入到决策树敏感性分析中,最终得到2020、2030年的推荐水资源供需分配方案。然后,利用系统分析理论和优化技术建立了流域的大系统、多目标水资源优化配置模型,并采用优化的NSGA-Ⅱ方法进行求解,得到流域2030年推荐水资源配置方案下的最佳分配方案。最后,根据最佳分配方案和预测的流域需水量,进行了流域的水资源平衡分析,通过平衡分析的结果进行流域的综合管理研究。最佳配置方案实现了流域内水资源的最优分配,使宝贵、有限的水资源产生最大的社会、经济及环境效益,为流域经济、能源产业的快速发展提供水资源保障。     

基于多断面水质达标的河网区点面源污染负荷优化分配模型

从污染物总量控制的核心——污染负荷分配的角度出发,对水系复杂的平原河网区点面源协同影响下污染负荷优化分配方案进行分析。通过引入水质达标保证率概念,将随机分析方法与确定性降雨产流、点面源产污及河网水动力、水质数学模型相结合,基于公平及可行性原则,以满足多控制断面水质达标保证率、点面源环境管控要求及污染治理水平为约束条件,构建了基于多控制断面水质达标保证率的点面源污染负荷优化分配模型。选取太湖某河网区域作为验证区域,区域点面源污染负荷优化分配后,各控制断面氨氮、总磷质量浓度均可达到全年90%水质达标保证率,表明所建模型是合理可行的,能够有效实现区域点面源污染负荷的优化分配,提高区域污染物全局管理效率。     

区域水资源调度-分配迭代优化模型

在对水资源系统组成和结构分析的基础上,运用大系统优化理论建立了区域水资源系统多目标优化配置数学模型,包括水源优化调度、水量优化分配和调度分配迭代3个子模型。水源优化调度模型的求解采用轮库迭代方法和动态规划方法,水量优化分配模型的求解采用大系统分解协调中的D-W分解原理。对江苏省连云港市区水资源优化配置问题进行了研究,建立并求解了优化配置模型,结果表明,该市各区在2020规划水平年工业、农业、生活和环境部门都将出现不同程度的缺水情况。     

MOP与SD组合模型在工业用水结构优化中的应用

简要介绍MOP与SD组合模型(多目标规划与系统动力学的整合模型)的工作步骤,以天津市为例,研究该模型在工业结构优化中的应用,并具体比较了利用该模型优化工业结构前后的水资源利用情况,以确定最佳的工业行业规模,实现水资源在工业利用中的合理配置。     

感潮河段水沙数学模型研究与应用

感潮河段的水流和泥沙运动均具有很强的非恒定性,采用有限体积法建立了一套感潮河段平面二维水流泥沙数学模型。模型采用同位网格的SIMPLEC法对水流方程进行离散和求解,较全面地考虑了非均匀悬移质及推移质运动,具有较好的普遍适用性。以长江下游口岸直河段和仪征河段为例,分别对模型作了定床和动床计算,计算结果与实测值符合较好,从而证明了模型的可靠性。     

河流排污权多目标优化分配模型研究

分析了目前排污权分配研究现状及存在问题,提出由河流环境保护部门确定河流总体排污权,依次向水功能区、排污者进行分配的两级分配模式,从生态环境保护和水资源可持续利用角度出发,以经济最优和水质最优为目标,以污染物浓度控制和总量控制为约束,同时考虑分配的公平性,排污者生产连续性等,建立河流排污权多目标优化分配模型。将此模型应用于举水河排污权分配并与不同方法之结果进行对比分析,证明本文提出的方法可给出的排序权总量较小,污染物综合处理费较少的方案,且水环境节余容量较多。     

Model-Based Operation of Multi-Purpose River and Reservoir Systems

The optimal management of multi-objective river and reservoir systems is particularly challenging for event-driven real-time operation to ensure predictive planning and to determine the best possible operation strategy. The best flow forecast possible for the river basin as well as knowledge of the effects of control instructions on flow dynamics and on the achievement of operation objectives must therefore be used. This paper presents a decision support tool for the management of a multi-objective river and reservoir system in Germany. In this context model-based predictive control is an appropriate method for optimizing the value to be controlled over a short forecast period. The future system status is simulated with a forecast-based hydraulic process model. In this way the most effective solutions for the required reservoir release which will fulfil the pre-specified multi-purpose operation objectives can be identified. These results can be used for the efficient analysis of upcoming conflicts of objectives. In combination with the users’ practical experience a realizable control instruction may be derived.

     

黄河流域干流河段水资源调配多目标优化模型

目前黄河水资源的分配手段仍存在不少问题,用水量同比例丰增枯减不利于黄河水量的合理利用,传统的调度方式也无法使资源、社会达到协调发展。根据黄河水资源的实际情况,考虑各地区用水的公平合理性,建立黄河干流河段多目标优化配水模型,采用改进遗传算法来求解河段优化配水问题。结果表明:经过改进遗传算法的优化求解,可以将黄河干流水资源量科学合理地分配到各河段,全区缺水率控制在10%以下,并且满足河道断面的生态流量需求,符合社会、生态对于水资源开发利用的要求,最大程度地发挥了水资源的综合效益。     

大型潮汐河工模型试验控制系统设计及应用

已有的长江河口段模型控制系统,上游采用量水堰+扭曲水道进行流量控制,下游采用潮水箱和尾门进行潮位控制,通过485有线通讯方式采集数据。针对原有控制系统老化、量水堰控制流量时试验准备时间长、扭曲水道占用试验场地、485有线通讯设备布置较为困难的特点,考虑到大型潮汐河流模型河口边界条件复杂、长河段、受径潮流的共同作用,对模型布置和自动化控制系统进行了研究。将网络技术、无线通讯技术和模块化设计成功应用于长江河口段模型的控制中,形成由供水、径流流量控制、下游生潮控制等模块组成的标准化、模块化、无线化、智能化和远程化的控制系统。分析结果表明,标准化的新控制系统重复性好,控制精度高于现有规范要求;模块化设计的系统工作稳定、维修方便;智能化和远程化的控制系统操作简便;无线通讯的试验设备布置方便。新的径流控制系统占用模型试验场地少、试验准备时间短,模型试验效率大大提高。该系统具有很好的推广使用价值。