一种弱碱性树脂对淋洗液中铼的静态吸附性能

铼是一种稀有高熔点金属,多伴生在钼精矿中,经氧化焙烧后,大部分铼富集在烟气淋洗液中。为了实现钼精矿焙烧淋洗液中铼的回收,研究了不同型号离子交换树脂对铼吸附性能的对比,弱碱性阴离子交换树脂ZS70吸附铼的控速步骤、饱和吸附容量以及循环使用性能,并研究了不同吸附温度、铼离子浓度、硫酸根浓度等条件下,ZS70树脂对铼的平衡吸附容量和分配比。结果表明,弱碱性阴离子交换树脂ZS70对铼有较好的吸附性能,在相同试验条件下,其对铼的吸附容量大于强碱性阴离子交换树脂201×7和D201;ZS70树脂对铼的吸附过程受内扩散控制;树脂对铼的饱和吸附容量为60.4 mg·g~(-1);平衡吸附容量随吸附温度升高而降低,随初始浓度的升高而增加;分配比随吸附温度和初始浓度的升高而降低;硫酸根含量对树脂的平衡吸附容量影响不大;经过10次循环使用,树脂的平衡吸附容量仅降低2.84%,循环使用性能良好。     

新型复合材料树脂耐温及抗氧化性能研究

研究了SP-2和SP-C两种新型有机和无机复合材料离子交换树脂的耐温性能和抗氧化性能。分别采用不同温度及不同浓度氧化剂对树脂进行处理,根据处理前后Cu2+交换容量的变化,分析树脂耐温、抗氧化性能。结果表明:SP-2和SP-C均具有较好的耐温性能,可在120℃以下使用;SP-2和SP-C抗氧化性能较好,尤其以SP-C为最好,SP-C在双氧水浓度为1%时仍能保持93%的交换容量。     

Li1+xV3O8的固相法合成及高温电化学特性研究

以NH4VO3, Li2CO3为原料, 无水乙醇为介质, 采用一种新的固相法合成了Li1+xV3O8.运用TG/DSC, XRD, SEM等手段进行了表征, 测量了Li1+xV3O8的高温电导率, 求出了电导活化能;并研究了Li1+xV3O8的热稳定性.制备的Li1+xV3O8的形状为棒状和条状, 长端约10 μm, 短端约5 μm.热分析结果表明, 其结构不随温度改变而改变, 直到628 ℃熔化.在500 ℃时, 当电流密度为100 mA·cm-2时, Li1+xV3O8的峰值电压为2.77 V, 终止电压为1.8 V时, 比容量为198 mAh·g-1.室温～550 ℃, Li1+xV3O8的电导率和温度的关系式为lnσ=1.505～2.141×103/T, 说明在该温度区间Li1+xV3O8具有始终如一的电子跃迁机构, 其电导活化能为0.185 eV.     

707阴离子交换树脂吸附钽的性能及动力学研究

本文研究了707阴离子交换树脂从草酸溶液中吸附钽草酸配合物的性能和动力学。试验结果表明在[（NH4）2C2O4]=0．13mol／L、[K2S2O8]=0．024mol／L、[Ta]=8×10－5mol／L、pH=1．5～3．5条件下，钽的吸附率有最大值。测得液膜扩散控制交换速率常数B25℃=2．5×10－4s－1，液膜扩散控制交换活化能Ea=15．96kJ／mol，钽的饱和吸附容量CTa=182．4mg／g干树脂。     

国產离子交换樹脂性能研究

国产离子交换树脂性能研究近年来,我国在离子交换树脂方面的研究取得了很大的进展,制备了多种类型的树脂;但对目前市上大量出现的离子交换树脂的性能则报道极少,这对于使用这些树脂的工作者颇不方便。为此,重庆大学化学系教研组对国产的阳1号、734、717、704等几种树脂的基本物理化学性质、化学稳定性与离子交换亲和力顺序等作了研究。写成了“国产离子交换树脂性能研究”的论文。交换容量他们的研究认为,阳1号是多功能团树脂,其交换容量随介质pH的升高而迅速增加。当pH     

IPN弱碱树脂吸附铼的行为及热力学性质

本文研究了IPN弱碱树脂从弱碱性介质中吸附铼的行为和热力学性质。实验结果表明,在PH=9.0—10.0范围内,该树脂能有效地吸附铼,而钼仅有少量被吸附,铼钼分离系数高达1506;树脂对铼的静态平衡交换容量和动态操作容量分别为804、805.3mg/g树脂;被吸附的铼用8％HN_3·H_2O+10％NH_4NO_3混合液淋洗,淋洗率为99.32％。树脂以阴离子交换机理吸附ReO_4~-。测定并求算了吸附过程的热力学函数。其值分别为ΔH~0=-9.62kJ/mol,ΔG~0=-10.00kJ/mol,ΔS~0=1.3J/mol·K。     

Zr1-xHfxW2O8的合成及负热膨胀特性的研究

采用固相化学反应的方法 ,成功合成了立方结构的Zr1 -xHfxW2 O8(x =0 ,0 3 ,0 5 ,0 7,1 0 )系列材料。X射线衍射结果表明 ,Hf4 +能替代Zr4 +形成二元固溶体 ,固溶体的晶胞参数与体积随着Hf4 +含量x的增加而降低。采用高、低温X射线衍射的方法测定晶胞参数和体积随温度的变化关系 ,结果表明 :Zr1 -xHfxW2 O8化合物在实验温度范围具有强烈的负热膨胀效应 ,但其负热膨胀系数不随Hf4 +含量x变化。在2 98～ 973K ,Zr1 -xHfxW2 O8线膨胀系数αl 约为 -6× 10 - 6 K- 1 ;在 83～ 2 98K ,Zr0 5Hf0 5W2 O8的αl=-9 6× 10 - 6 K- 1 。变温XRD研究还表明 ,Zr1 -xHfxW2 O8化合物从α ZrW2 O8相向 β ZrW2 O8相的转变温度随Hf4 +含量x的增加而略有升高 ,热重分析 (TGA )研究结果表明 ,Zr1 -xHfxW2 O8在室温大气条件下不吸水     

阴离子交换树脂F3吸附铼的研究

对阴离子交换树脂F3吸附、解吸铼的条件及其抗离子干扰效果作了研究。结果表明 ,在 0～ 0 5mol/L的盐酸介质中 ,F3树脂能定量吸附铼 ,并与其他金属阳离子分离 ;吸附在树脂上的铼用少量 4 0mol/L盐酸即可完全洗脱 ;吸附和解吸过程均服从Freundlish等温吸附式。铼的静态饱和吸附容量为 2 5 9 7mg/g干树脂 。该树脂有可能成为回收铼的良好吸附剂。     

离子交换法从锌电解液中脱除氯试验研究

研究了采用大孔阴离子交换树脂从锌电解液中吸附脱除氯离子。通过静态试验和动态试验,考察了吸附时间、溶液pH及氯离子质量浓度对树脂吸附氯离子容量的影响,同时,也考察了循环次数对树脂稳定性的影响。结果表明:静态试验中,常温下,树脂对Cl~-的吸附平衡时间为20min,吸附容量为36.993 8mg/g;溶液pH在4.40~5.22范围内,树脂对Cl~-有良好的吸附性;在一定的氯离子质量浓度范围内,树脂对氯离子的吸附容量随氯离子质量浓度增大而增大。动态试验中,常温条件下,树脂循环使用4次,吸附容量变化不大,较为稳定;负载树脂上的氯离子用浓度为0.5mol/L的稀硫酸溶液解吸,解吸率达98.5%,解吸效果较好。     

掺铁镨基钙钛矿氧化物材料Pr-Ca-(Mn,Fe)-O中的大磁阻效应

我们制备了氧化物材料 Pr0 .6 5Ca0 .35Mn1- x Fex O3( x=0 ,0 .0 5,0 .1 ,0 .1 5) ,研究了材料的大磁阻效应。氧化物材料 Pr0 .6 5Ca0 .35Mn1- x Fex O3的居里温度及电阻峰位温度均随铁含量增加而下降 ,这主要是因为 Fe离子不参加双交换作用 ,阻挡了双交换作用的进行 ,材料的铁磁作用随铁含量增加而减弱。镨氧化物材料 Pr0 .6 5Ca0 .35Mn1- xFex O3( x≤ 0 .1 5)的大磁阻效应在液氮温区较显著。     

R-520树脂吸附金的研究

研究了R-520树脂吸附金的过程。结果表明,在低酸时吸附效果最佳,氯金络离子的吸附率随盐酸浓度增加而下降,静态饱和金吸附容量为351.55mg/g干树脂,表观吸附速率常数k=2.06×10-4/s,吸附氯金络离子的过程符合Boyd液膜扩散模式,酸性硫脲溶液解吸载金树脂较完全。     

Inhibitory effects of Estracyt on R-3327 rat prostatic carcinoma

Estracyt (estramustine phosphate) injected intraperitoneally, 100 mg, per Kg. three days a week for four weeks, retarded growth of the R-3327 tumor in intact rats and in orchiectomized rats given androgen. The growth inhibition was accomplished by reduction of tumor deoxyribonucleic acid concentration and of the activities of acid phosphatase, leucine aminopeptidase, and other hydrolases. Histologic examination revealed cellular necrosis particularly prominent in the orchiectomized, androgen-treated rats. Estracyt did not affect the uptake of 65-Zn in the tumors but markedly reduced the high uptake in the dorsolateral prostate. There was no accumulation of 3H or 14C in the tumors after intravenous administration of 3H, 14C-labeled Estracyt, but the isotope concentrations decreased much in the same way as they decreased in the dorsolateral prostate. The isotopes were retained in the ventral prostate, where their concentrations were approximately twenty times higher than those in the muscle four hours after injection. The results demonstrate the value of the R-3327 tumor in the evaluation of drugs of potential clinical use for the treatment of prostatic cancer. The results also show that Estracyt has an antitumor effect which is not dependent on the antigonadotropic action of the drug.     

R—518树脂富集铼的性能研究

本文较系统地研究了新功能树脂Ｒ－５１８吸附、解吸铼的条件及理想状况下Ｒ－５１８树脂的抗干扰能力。实验结果表明该树脂有成为富集鳞的优良吸附材料。     

Mixed-effects modeling of the pharmacodynamic response to the calcimimetic agent R-568

Age-dependent changes related to liver injury and regeneration were studied in rats aged 2, 12, and 30 months in a time period of 96 hr following a sublethal dose of thioacetamide (6.6 mmoles/kg body wt). Serum aspartate aminotransferase activity increased earlier in young rats, but the severity of injury was higher in those aged 12 months when compared to young and to old. Microsomal hepatocyte FAD monooxygenase activity was induced earlier in 2-month-old rats following intoxication and the increase was significantly lower both in the youngest and in the oldest groups when compared to adults. As a parameter of hepatocellular postnecrotic regeneration, DNA synthesis (2C --> 4C) was evaluated. The population of hepatocytes in S phase peaked more sharply and earlier in young rat hepatocytes, and was 8 to 12 times higher than the initial in hepatocytes from 2- and 12-month-old rats, while the rise was only 3 times in the oldest group. At 96 hr of intoxication the restoration towards normal in all these parameters was complete in young, incomplete in adult, and slightly detected in the oldest. Serum proliferative activity, assayed on mouse NIH 3T3 fibroblast cultures, increased preceding the necrosis and this increase was higher in 2- and 12-month-old (171% and 224%, respectively), while in the oldest the increase was only 110%. This mitogenic activity decreased in all groups during necrosis, showing a second peak, nondetectable in rats aged 30 months, parallel to regeneration. Serum TNFalpha level was absent in untreated animals and increased markedly following intoxication, the highest values being recorded at 72 hr of intoxication in serum from rats aged 12 months (347 +/- 30 pg/ml) and the lowest at 30 months (4.1 +/- 0.3 pg/ml). The serum ability to induce nitric oxide synthase activity on peritoneal macrophages ex vivo showed significant time- and age-dependent changes in nitric oxide release: a decrease throughout necrosis and an increase during regeneration. We conclude that the main age-related changes in the sequenced process of liver injury and regeneration are the delayed response in the development of cell killing and regeneration and the decreased regenerative ability, which significantly delays the restoration of liver function.     

提高R-170电动轮自动熄火后的制动安全措施

根据R-170(329)电动轮汽车一起发动机自动熄火后溜车的安全事故,对电动轮汽车的制动安全性以及事故的原因进行分析,提出了保证汽车制动安全性的根本措施。     

Some features of the manufacture of R-100F-1 carbonyl iron powder

Conclusions Raising the temperature in the reactor increases the concentrations of carbon and nitrogen impurities in a carbonyl iron powder, the increase in the nitrogen content being greater than that in the carbon content. A rise in reactor temperature increases both the goodness factor Q_reland the temperature coefficient of magnetic permeability TC. Increasing the rate of feed of ammonia to the decomposition reactor brings about a growth in the concentration of nitrogen in a carbonyl iron powder, which lowers the TC of the powder and at the same time slightly decreases its goodness factor Q_rel. The optimum conditions for the manufacture of a starting R-100 powder of lower TC. (not more than 80·10^–6 1/deg C) are: upper, middle, and lower zone temperatures of 311, 306, and 337°C, respectively, an ammonia concentration in the decomposition products of 9 vol. %, and an iron pentacarbonyl feed rate of 32 liters/h. For the manufacture of R-100F-1 powder, the fine powder fractions from cyclones 2, 3, and 4 are used. The quantitative yield of carbonyl iron powder is 1.5–1.7%.Translated from Poroshkovaya Metallurgiya, No. 5 (221), pp. 1–5, May, 1981.