具有网络互穿结构TiC/AZ91D镁基复合材料的一种合成方法

介绍一种新的低成本合成具有网络互穿结构TiC/AZ91D镁基复合材料的方法--原位反应渗透法.该方法中,TiC陶瓷增强相由元素粉末Ti和C间原位反应直接合成,无需添加第三相金属粉末,仅在原位反应发生的同时熔融基体镁合金由毛细管力作用渗入(Tip+Cp)预制块内部构成致密的具有网络互穿结构的TiC/AZ91D镁基复合材料.实验结果和理论计算表明(1)通过精确控制(Tip+Cp)预制块的致密度,考虑原位反应发生前后形成的TiC本征体积变化,即可获得具有不同TiC陶瓷含量的网络互穿结构镁基复合材料;(2)原位合成的TiC陶瓷是一可变化学剂量比的化合物,其晶格常数随反应条件而变化,主要取决于反应条件和原始元素粉末的尺寸.     

原位反应渗透法TiCp/Mg复合材料的制备和性能

利用Ti和C元素粉末间的原位放热反应合成TiCp,结合Mg熔体的自发渗透技术制备了TiCp/Mg以及TiCp/AZ91D两种镁基复合材料,观测了复合材料的相组成和原位反应生成物TiCp的形貌,研究了这两种镁基复合材料的常温压缩性能.结果表明,原位反应自发渗透技术制备的Mg基复合材料组织致密,增强相呈细小的颗粒状和互穿网片状,分布均匀.这是材料的压缩强度得到提高的原因.在常温以及应变速率为0.01 s-1的条件下,TiCp/Mg和TiCp/AZ91D镁基复合材料的压缩强度分别达到598和650 MPa.     

上海推出一种制备镁基复合材料的新工艺

上海交通大学张修庆等近日向社会推出一种制备镁基复合材料的新工艺。该工艺步骤如下：配制增强相反应体系粉末，采用机械球磨对反应体系粉末进行活化处理，通过控制球磨时间、转速、球料比来控制颗粒大小和储能，再将球磨处理的反应体系粉末压制成预制块；进行镁基体材料的熔炼，选取合适的熔体温度，将球磨反应体系粉末预制块熔解到镁熔体中，球磨粉末在镁熔体中发生原位反应形成增强相，再借助搅拌技术使颗粒分散均匀，进行反应体系的熔解反应过程；将熔体静置后浇铸，铸造成形。     

反应复合钎焊Cf-SiC／Cu—Ti—C／TC4接头组织结构

研究用Cu粉、Ti粉、石墨粉组成的混合粉末真空钎焊Cf/SiC陶瓷基复合材料和钛合金,采用X射线衍射、扫描电镜和能谱仪对接头组织结构进行分析.结果表明:在Cu-25Ti(质量分数/%)粉末中加入适量石墨,经950℃,20min真空钎焊,获得了完整的原位合成TiC增强的复合接头,连接层中原位合成的一定体积分数的TiC可以明显降低接头热应力.石墨颗粒中的C元素和连接层液相中Ti元素发生相互扩散,形成了残余石墨颗粒周围的TiC反应层和分布在连接层中的TiC颗粒,TiC反应速度主要受C元素由石墨颗粒向连接层液相的扩散速度所控制.     

硅酸铝短纤维增强镁基复合材料的界面反应及其热力学分析

用晶化的硅酸铝短纤维作增强体, 用磷酸铝作黏结剂制得预制体, 用AZ91D作基体金属, 通过挤压浸渗工艺制备镁基复合材料。通过光学显微分析、 XRD衍射分析、 SEM扫描分析等, 初步观察研究了硅酸铝短纤维增强镁基复合材料的界面反应规律和反应产物。结果表明: 用硅酸铝短纤维增强AZ91D镁合金通过浸渗挤压法制备镁基复合材料是可行的; 镁与磷酸铝黏结剂反应后在界面上生成一定数量的MgO颗粒和少量的MgAl₂O₄颗粒, 致使硅酸铝增强纤维和镁合金基体之间形成较强界面结合; 另外, 在硅酸铝短纤维的晶化处理过程中, 由于非晶态SiO₂的析出, 导致Mg₂Si脆性相在界面附近产生, 从而对该复合材料的力学性能产生一定影响。      

硅酸铝短纤维增强AZ91D复合材料的界面微观结构及力学性能

以晶化的硅酸铝短纤维（Al₂O₃-SiO₂ ）_sf为增强体、用磷酸铝为预制体粘结剂,通过挤压浸渗工艺制备了（Al₂O₃-SiO₂ ）_sf /AZ91D镁基复合材料。通过光学显微镜、TEM和HREM分析研究了复合材料的界面微观结构和界面反应产物。结果表明：用挤压浸渗法制备的硅酸铝短纤维增强AZ91D镁基复合材料的界面厚度约为100 nm,界面上除有一定数量的MgO颗粒和少量的MgAl₂O₄和Mg₂Si颗粒外, 还有少量的MgP₄等反应产物存在;硅酸铝增强纤维与镁合金基体之间形成了较强界面结合,界面微观结构比较理想。力学性能测试表明,与AZ91D基体合金相比,复合材料的室温抗拉强度提高了约18%,弹性模量提高了约58%。     

不同含量硼酸镁晶须增强AZ91D镁基复合材料在Na_2CO_3溶液中的电化学腐蚀行为

目前,国内外对晶须增强镁基复合材料的电化学腐蚀行为鲜有报道。采用真空气压渗流技术制备了硼酸镁晶须增强AZ91D镁合金,采用电化学工作站测试了其在5%Na2CO3溶液中的开路电位和动电位极化曲线,采用扫描电镜及X射线能谱仪分析了镁基复合材料的微观腐蚀形貌及成分,研究了晶须体积分数对其耐腐蚀性能的影响。结果表明:随着晶须体积分数的增加,AZ91D镁基复合材料的耐腐蚀性逐渐提高,镁基复合材料表面生成了一层活跃的钝化膜,对基体起到了一定的保护作用。     

激光原位合成钛基复合材料初步试验

利用激光原位合成工艺制备了TiC TiB增强的钛基复合材料,初步研究了原位合成反应的热力学以及激光原位合成钛基复合材料的工艺、组织及性能.结果表明:钛与B4C反应释放出大量热,反应能自发维持;存在两种不同形状的增强体,即短纤维状TiB和等轴、近似等轴状TiC粒子;该钛基复合材料局部显微硬度达到500HV.     

钛基梯度功能材料电场激活原位合成

本文采用电场激活压力辅助燃烧合成工艺(FAPAS),以Ti-Al和Ni-Ti-C体系的放热反应,实现了TiC陶瓷颗粒增强的Ni基复合材料的原位合成以及Ti-TiAl-(TiC)pNi功能梯度材料的同步连接制备。借助SEM和XRD等手段分析了各层界面的相组成和微观结构以及界面元素扩散特征,探讨了电场对功能梯度材料制备过程中各层间界面的冶金特征及连接结构的影响,揭示了电场作用下,利用放热体系进行原位合成和扩散连接的机制。研究结果表明,外加电场条件下,钛粉和铝粉反应形成TiAl相产生的化学热促进了钛基板与TiAl层界面原子的扩散溶解,是两者形成连接的关键;钛-碳反应热促进TiC/Ni细晶复合结构形成,提高了TiC颗粒与基体之间的润湿性和复合材料层的致密度。     

铸态(TiB+TiC)/Ti复合材料组织和性能的研究

利用钛与碳化硼及石墨之间的自蔓燃高温合成反应,经非自耗电弧熔炼工艺制备了TiB晶须和TiC粒子混杂增强的钛基复合材料。借助扫描电镜和透射电镜观察了复合材料的微观结构,结果表明:原位合成增强体均匀地分布在基体合金中,TiB增强体以晶须状生长,而TiC增强体以树枝状、等轴状生长。原位合成增强体与基体合金的界面非常干净,不存在界面反应产物,但TiC粒子周围的基体合金中存在高密度的位错。原位合成增强体的加入提高了复合材料的力学性能,合金化元素铝的加入不仅固溶强化了钛基体合金,同时使增强体长得更为细小,也有利于改善复合材料的性能。      

Insertion of triangulated surfaces into a meccano tetrahedral discretization by means of mesh refinement and optimization procedures

In this paper, we present a new method for inserting several triangulated surfaces into an existing tetrahedral mesh generated by the meccano method. The result is a conformal mesh where each inserted surface is approximated by a set of faces of the final tetrahedral mesh. First, the tetrahedral mesh is refined around the inserted surfaces to capture their geometric features. Second, each immersed surface is approximated by a set of faces from the tetrahedral mesh. Third, following a novel approach, the nodes of the approximated surfaces are mapped to the corresponding immersed surface. Fourth, we untangle and smooth the mesh by optimizing a regularized shape distortion measure for tetrahedral elements in which we move all the nodes of the mesh, restricting the movement of the edge and surface nodes along the corresponding entity they belong to. The refining process allows approximating the immersed surface for any initial meccano tetrahedral mesh. Moreover, the proposed projection method avoids computational expensive geometric projections. Finally, the applied simultaneous untangling and smoothing process delivers a high‐quality mesh and ensures that the immersed surfaces are interpolated. Several examples are presented to assess the properties of the proposed method.     

Certification Institutions Expected to Update and Transfer Information on Present Standards

Standards are the basis for production enterprises to organize production, ex-factory inspection, trade (delivery) and technical exchanges, product certification, quality arbitration and supervision.……     

Flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases

A flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases is presented. A better knowledge of the properties of the liquefied natural gas is needed, and therefore a liquid loop has been designed for our flow calorimeter. The fluid loop in the calorimeter is designed in order to avoid the two-phase region, since two phases would give compositional disturbances in the measurements. The avoidance of the two-phase region is made possible by increasing the pressure of the test fluid after the measurement section, then heating the fluid at super-critical pressure past the critical point. Finally, the fluid is throttled to the low-pressure gas state at the inlet condition of the compressor that circulates the fluid. To perform the pressure increase, a new cryogenic pump has been designed. To evaluate the new equipment, measurements were taken on liquid ethane over the temperature range 146–256 K at pressure between 0.9 and 5.1 MPa.     

Refrigerators Enter a New Era of Health Preservation Frestech initiates the establishment of China's first standard for household sterilization refrigerators

On November 30, 2007, the China Association for Standardization (CAS) held a press conference at Beijing Diaoyutai State Guest House. Leaders from the China Household Electric Appliance Research Institute, the China Household Electric Appliance Association, and the China Consumers' Association attended and made speeches.……     

Optimum-Simulation von Ernteprozessen

Zusammenfassung Bei der Gestaltung von Ernteprozessen — beispielsweise des Prozesses Mähdrusch, Körnertransport und -abnahme — als transportverbundene Fließarbeitsverfahren mit mindestens zwei verschiedenen Arbeitsmitteln gibt es einen großen Optimierungsspielraum. Solche Prozesse sind mehrstufige Bedienungsprozesse mit gemischter Anordnung der Bedienungseinrichtungen. Außerdem besitzen sie stark ausgeprägte räumliche Aspekte. Es wird vor allem gezeigt, welche Merkmale solcher Prozesse in Simulationsmodellen abgebildet sein müssen, welche Zielgrößen in Abhängigkeit von welchen Einflußgrößen unter Berücksichtigung welcher Prozeßbedingungen ermittelt werden sollten und wie der Bewertungsprozeß zur Ermittlung der gewünschten Informationen gestaltet werden muß.     

A study of centrifugal cast high boron high speed steel

In the present study a high‐boron high speed steel (HSS) roll material was designed. Many expensive alloy elements have been substituted by cheap boron alloy, and high‐boron high speed steel roll has been manufactured by centrifugal casting method. The microstructures, mechanical properties and wear resistance of centrifugal casting high‐boron high speed steel roll have been investigated by optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X‐ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, hardness test, impact test and wear test. The results indicated that the solidification microstructures of high‐boron high speed steel roll consisted of M₂(B,C), (W,Mo)₂(B,C), M₃(B,C), M₂₃(B,C)₆ type borocarbides and martensite, a small amount of retained austenite. Borocarbides were continuously distributed over the grain boundary. After quenching from 1050 °C, local broken network appeared in partial borocarbides, and fine secondary borocarbide precipitated from the matrix. After tempering from 525 °C, the amount of precipitated borocarbide increased significantly. After heat treatment, the hardness of high‐boron high speed steel roll excelled 60 HRC, and its impact toughness excelled 8.0 J/cm². The single groove steel rolling amount of high‐boron high speed steel rolls increases by 500% than that of bainite cast iron roll, when the rolls are used in K₁ mill housing of bar mill.     

Thixotropy of Systems with Shear Thinning and Plastic Flow Behavior

The definition of the thixotropy is a decrease in viscosity with time in shear and a subsequent recovery of viscosity after the shear deformation is removed.We ...     

Brainstorming for ISO Strategy 2016-2020

正Responding to ISO’s appeal for survey for the to-be-developed ISO Strategy Plan for 2016-2020,SAC hosted a special workshop over the needs and comments of various fi elds on June 8 in Beijing.The workshop was attended by ISO President-elect and Ansteel General Manager Zhang Xiaogang,SAC Vice-Administrator Yu Xinli,and 30 experts from     

CNAS Passes APLAC's PTP Review

正The review group of Asia Pacific Laboratory Accreditation Cooperation(APLAC)carried out a 4-day peer review of the proficiency testing provider(PTP)for China National Accreditation Service for Conformity Assessment(CNAS)from July 28 to 31,2014.CNAS passed the PTP review with excellent performance.Two senior peer reviewers of APLAC made a comprehensive,rigorous and detailed review of CNAS’s PTP accreditation activities,and made the on-spot inspection of the review groups in Shanghai and Shenzhen respectively.