方坯连铸结晶器电磁搅拌的数值模拟

根据麦克斯韦电磁理论,利用有限元分析软件ANSYS对240 mm×280 mm方坯结晶器电磁搅拌的磁场进行数值模拟。分析电流强度、电流频率及结晶器铜管等对搅拌器内磁场分布的影响,得到了磁场特性与电磁搅拌参数的关系。研究结果表明:旋转磁场在结晶器搅拌区域内产生旋转电磁力,使钢液在水平方向形成旋转流动;磁感应强度随电流强度的增大呈线性递增;在低频搅拌条件下频率对电磁搅拌强度的影响较小,而铜管厚度对磁场强度影响较大;模拟结果与实测结果基本吻合。     

大圆坯结晶器电磁搅拌器磁场的数值模拟

基于有限元方法,利用ANSYS软件模拟计算了大圆坯连铸结晶器电磁搅拌(M-EMS)器内三维磁场分布,分析了铜管厚度、断面和搅拌电流、频率对磁场分布的定量影响,并通过磁场的实验测定对数学模型进行了验证.研究表明,磁场模拟结果与实测结果吻合得较好;结晶器铜管对磁场具有较强的屏蔽作用,铜管越厚,屏蔽作用越强;小断面结晶器内磁感应强度大于大断面的情况;磁感应强度随着频率的增大而减小,随电流的增大而增大.     

Effect of Electromagnetic Stirring on Molten Steel Flow and Solidification in Bloom Mold

The effect of electromagnetic stirring on molten steel flow and heat transfer in a 260 mm× 300 mm bloom mold was investigated by using a method combining both finite element method and finite volume method. The simu lation results related to magnetic fields were consistent with the onsite measured data. The magnetic flux density in creased with increasing the current intensity but decreased with increasing the current frequency. Electromagnetic stirring caused molten steel to flow with rotation on a horizontal section and two sets of recirculation regions with opposite fellow directions in a longitudinal section formed. The maximum tangential velocity increased with increasing the current intensity and frequency. Furthermore, the superheat degree of the molten steel on the outlet cross section of the mold decreased with increasing the current intensity. growth zone of solidified shell in the effective stirring zone. bearing steel, the appropriate values of current intensity and to be 300 A and 3 Hz, respectively. Electromagnetic stirring caused the emergence of a zero For the 260 mm N 300 mm bloom continuous caster of current frequency of electromagnetic stirring were found     

Numerical Simulation of Electromagnetic Field and Flow Pattern in a Continuous Slab Caster with In-roll Type Strand Electromagnetic Stirring

The electromagnetic field and flow analysis model were developed to simulate the electromagnetic field and the flow pattern in a vertical curved continuous slab caster with the in-roll type strand electromagnetic stirring.The transient electromagnetic field distribution and the induced electromagnetic force were numerically described.The effects of stirring current,stirring frequency,and different stirrer configurations on the electromagnetically driven flow field in the strand were investigated and the optimization of the stirring parameters was discussed by performing a relative comparison of numerical results.Results show that the in-roller type strand electromagnetic stirrer(SEMS)pair generates the fluctuating magnetic fields,penetrating through the cast slab and periodically parallel shifting along the slab wide face with time evolution.The transient induced electromagnetic forces travels toward the magnetic flux shifting direction.Different stirring parameters(i.e.current and frequency)and stirrer configurations affect the stirring strength and the flow recirculation pattern in the strand,which are closely related to metallurgical performances of the stirrers.There is an optimum frequency to obtain the maximum stirring.The present model provides a relatively theoretical insight into the in-roll type strand electromagnetic stirring system for best operating.     

结晶器电磁搅拌对圆坯质量影响的研究

通过数值模拟计算了马钢圆坯连铸（断面尺寸为Ф450mm）电磁搅拌参数对磁场分布的影响,并通过生产试验研究了电磁搅拌参数对铸坯质量的影响。模拟计算表明,结晶器磁场强度随着搅拌电流的增加而增大,电流不变时,频率越小,磁场强度越大。现场试验表明,采用电磁搅拌能有效改善铸坯低倍组织,搅拌电流越大,铸坯中心等轴晶比率越高;电磁搅拌还能有效改善铸坯疏松和中心偏析状况。选择合适的电磁搅拌参数可以获得良好的铸坯质量。     

结晶器电磁搅拌器结构对大方坯内部质量的影响

为改善攀钢2#大方坯连铸机结晶器电磁搅拌的冶金效果,开展了改进连铸结晶器电磁搅拌器结构的现场试验.通过增大连铸结晶器电磁搅拌器外径和高度,减小电磁搅拌器内径,增加电磁搅拌器线圈匝数,结晶器区域电磁感应强度由29.5 mT增至57.2 mT,铸坯中心疏松≤1.0级的比例由90.72%增至96.85%,铸坯无中心缩孔的比例由90.72%增至94.87%,无中心裂纹的比例由61.56%增至72.65%,铸坯中心碳偏析指数由1.10～1.16降至1.05～1.08.     

重轨钢连铸结晶器电磁搅拌技术应用研究

针对大方坯连铸机投产初期重轨钢连铸电磁搅拌冶金效果不明显的问题,开展了优化重轨钢连铸结晶器电磁搅拌工艺参数的现场试验,对比研究了电磁搅拌电流强度对重轨钢铸坯中心疏松、中心偏析、等轴晶率等内部质量的影响,制定了满足攀钢重轨钢连铸工艺要求的电磁搅拌工艺制度.生产应用表明,重轨钢连铸坯内部质量明显提高,铸坯中心区等轴晶率由18.8%增至36.2%,中心疏松≤1.5级,中心偏析≤1.0级,中心缩孔≤1.0级,中心碳偏析指数≤1.05,连铸坯轧成重轨的内部质量和力学性能能够满足350 km/h高速铁路用钢轨的要求.     

Solidification Structure of Continuous Casting Large Round Billets under Mold Electromagnetic Stirring

The solidification structure of a continuous casting large round billet was analyzed by a cellular-automaton-finite-element coupling model using the ProCAST software.The actual and simulated solidification structures were compared under mold electromagnetic stirring (MEMS)conditions (current of 300 A and frequency of 3 Hz).There-after,the solidification structures of the large round billet were investigated under different superheats,casting speeds,and secondary cooling intensities.Finally,the effect of the MEMS current on the solidification structures was obtained under fixed superheat,casting speed,secondary cooling intensity,and MEMS frequency.The model accurately simulated the actual solidification structures of any steel,regardless of its size and the parameters used in the continuous casting process.The ratio of the central equiaxed grain zone was found to increase with decreasing su-perheat,increasing casting speed,decreasing secondary cooling intensity,and increasing MEMS current.The grain size obviously decreased with decreasing superheat and increasing MEMS current but was less sensitive to the casting speed and secondary cooling intensity.     

漏斗形结晶器宽度对流动、传热凝固行为影响的数值模拟

改变薄板坯连铸结晶器的宽度可以适应客户对不同规格铸坯的需求,因此有必要对不同宽度结晶器钢液流动、传热凝固行为进行研究.采用耦合模型,研究拉速4.0 m/min时,宽度1100、1300、1600mm漏斗形结晶器钢液流动、传热凝固行为.结果表明,结晶器宽度增加,自由液面状态相对传统板坯表现出一定差异,钢液内夹杂物上浮更困难.宽度改变对传热凝固的影响主要体现在沿水口射流方向的局部区域,结晶器出口处凝固坯壳薄弱区随宽度增加而扩大.     

The Spatial and Temporal Evolution Behavior of Fluid Flow in Round Strands Continuous Casting Under Intermittently Reversing Direction Electromagnetic Stirring

ABSTRACT:Liquid metal flow behavior in round strands continuous casting under intermittently reversing direction electromagnetic stirring was measured by ultrasonic Doppler velocity-meter in a physical simulation system in order to investigate the effects of time interval(t_i)of periodically reversed magnetic field on the spatial and temporal flow.The results show that under electromagnetic stirring with direction reserved magnetic field,there’s a periodically change of the metal flow velocity and rotation direction with the periodically direction changing of the magnetic field.From both the experimental and mathematical model calculation results,it is found that when t_i is nearly equal to the time required for the metal flow speeding to the maximum velocity from still and decreases to zero again,there is a critical value of the rate of dynamic pressure,which means the wash effect of the liquid metal flow.On this point,rate of dynamic pressure was proposed to be a criterion for optimization the processing of electromagnetic stirring.     

立式板坯连铸机结晶器内流场的数值物理模拟

采用1:1的水模型研究了200 mm×1:300 mm立式板坯连铸结晶器内流场和在水口浸入深度115mm、拉坯速度0.55 m/min时水口结构参数(侧孔尺寸40 mm×40 mm～40 mm×80 mm,侧孔角度+15。～一15。)对液面波动的影响,基于流体力学计算,利用Fluent软件和采用κ-ε双方程高雷诺数湍流模型对板坯结晶器内的流场进行了三维数值模拟。结果表明,数值模拟结果与物理模拟结果较吻合;水口结构参数对液面湍动能的影响较明显;在1~#～4~#水口中,2~#水口(40 mm×40 mm,+15°,向下,倒Y形底部)的使用性能相对较好;流股的冲击速度越浅,自由液面湍动能越大。     

Numerical Simulation of Electromagnetic Field and Molten Steel Flow in Slab Continuous Caster Mold With Electromagnetic Level Accelerator

In a continuous casting process,EMLS/EMLA(electromagnetic level stabilizer/accelerator)is applied effectively,which is able to control the surface stream velocity at meniscus in mold.The EMLS are applied to stabilize the molten steel flow and the meniscus fluctuation to prevent powder entrapments on high speed casters.Conversely,the EMLA are applied to activate the molten steel flow to promote heat transfer to the steel meniscus and keep proper temperature at meniscus in mold or wash inclusions off near the solidification front on low speed casters or at the beginning,the ending and during the ladle change of the casting for high speed casters.In this study,the effect of the EMLA on the molten steel flow is investigated.Numerical simulation of the electromagnetic field and the flow field were carried out.The EMLA applies a low frequency alternating magnetic field moving from SEN(submerged entry nozzle)to narrow slab faces below the nozzle exit ports.Simulation results indicate that,due to the electromagnetic force,the molten steel is forced to flow toward the magnetic field traveling direction in the region where the magnetic field is imposed.The molten steel flow is increased in proportion to the imposed accelerating electromagnetic force on the spouting stream from SEN.And excessive accelerating changes the double-roll pattern.However,the magnitude of the electromagnetic force is decided by the current intensity and frequency,a suitable imposed electric current can be chosen to increase the flow velocity properly and also reduce the amount of mold powder entrapments to a minimum.     

Experimental Investigation of Fluid Flow in CC Mold With Electromagnetic Filed

Fluid flow in continuous casting mold is one of the key factors to influence the process, because the operation of the casting process and most of the defects in steel quality are closely associated with fluid flow in the mold. Electromagnetic field(EMF) has been applied to control the fluid flow as an efficient technology, and a lot of research works on the effect of the EMF has been done by numerical simulation. Aware of the limitation of the numerical simulation of the flow under a static EMF, low melting metals have been adapted to the investigation of flow in EMF. In the report, some of works on electromagnetic brake ruler (EMBR) and Flow Control Mold (FC-Mold) in slab casting with mercury as an analogue of liquid steel are presented. In the experiment, the flow in the mold and fluctuation of meniscus were measured by the ultrasonic DOP2000 velocimeter. The effects of the magnetic flux density and location of the magnets on the flow in the mold have been studied. The results showed that the flow discharged from the SEN was suppressed, both of the distribution of the kinetic energy and the turbulence intensity were changed, and the flow stability of liquid metal in the mold was enhanced. In electromagnetic brake ruler when Bmax was more than 0.29T, the surface level fluctuations were suppressed,the flow at the meniscus became stable and the flow pattern at the meniscus were improved, and the impact strength of liquid metal was weakened simultaneously, and the penetration depth was reduced. It was beneficial to improve the flow in the upper eddy, fluctuation of meniscus and stability of the flow when the magnet was located near the SEN. However, it was good to reduce the impact action and penetration depth when the magnet was away from the SEN. Compared with EMBR, it was more effective to use FC-Mold for improving the flow in the upper eddy, fluctuation of meniscus and stability of the flow. Nevertheless, it was more effective for lower flow to reducing the impact action and penetration depth using EMBR. The     

Simulation of Mould Level Velocities During Continuous Casting of Round Bloom Strands With Mould-Electromagnetic Stirring

In modern continuous casting of round steel blooms rotating electromagnetic fields are commonly employed to improve the product quality.Mould-electromagnetic stirrers(M-EMS)are used to excite a rotary motion along the solidification front in the liquid core.These velocities lead to a better strand surface quality as well as enhancing the transition from columnar to equiaxed solidification.Although the usage of electromagnetic stirrers is widespread,not all effects are fully known or understood.Due to harsh conditions at the plant,measurements are scarce and limited.Water model experiments-an established alternative for investigating continuous casting of steel-cannot be used due to the low electrical conductivity of water.Experiments with liquid metals like mercury,Galinstan or Wood’s metal are either expensive or difficult to perform.Thus numeric simulations are essential to gain a better understanding of the processes involved in continuous casting with electromagnetic stirring.However numeric simulations should always be validated with experiments and/or measurements.While the velocity field inside the liquid core of the bloom cannot be measured at the caster,the velocity at the mould level can be measured by dipping a nail into it.The skull forming at the tip of the nail is directly linked to the occurring surface velocity.These measurements can then be compared with numeric simulations of the nail dipping process.The numeric model is restricted to the upper part of the strand.The lower part of the strand is also taken into account through adjusted boundary conditions(velocity field etc.taken from a simulation of the whole strand).In this work the influence of the stirring field strength on the simulation results will be investigated.In the future these nail dipping simulations will be validated with plant measurements.This can then to a certain extentvalidate the simulation of the strand with M-EMS too,as it serves as the basis for the nail dipping model.     

方圆坯六流中间包控流装置的数值模拟与现场试验

基于数值模拟方法,对方圆坯弧形六流中间包在采用不同控流装置下进行模拟研究。数值模拟结果表明安装有导流孔V型挡墙+湍流器+挡坝控流装置的中间包更能有效地减少作用于弧形壁面的切应力、优化中间包流场、均匀温度分布、促使夹杂物去除。现场应用结果表明,采用所推荐控流装置的中间包,其相邻流温度均匀,温差均小于5 K,且最大平均温差仅为2.7 K;37Mn2平均总氧量T[O]为17×10-6;铸坯中氧化物夹杂物控制在50μm以下。     

Study on Optimization and Physical Simulation of Slag Entrapment in Mold With Electromagnetic Stirring

The level of the slag entrapment in mold involves the submerged nozzle immersion depth,the electromagnetic stirring intensity and other factors;this article has studied the relations between the slag entrapment behavior and the above factors by using of the water model.The results show that the surface velocity in meniscus increases with the increasing of stirring intensity and the decreasing of submerged nozzle immersion depth.When the submerged nozzle immersion depth is shallower,and the stirring intensity is high,the interface turbulence of the molten steel and slag is more severe,slag entrapment may occur in the extreme state.In order to avoid the slag entrapment in the working condition,the submerged nozzle immersion depth should be increased from 85~90mm to 100mm,or the electric current of the electromagnetic stirring should be reduced from 320A to 295A.     

软接触电磁结晶器内三维弯月面形状数值模拟

建立了软接触电磁结晶器内交变磁场和三维弯月面形状的耦合模型,在用实验结果验证的基础上,模拟了方坯连铸结晶器三维弯月面形状,研究了弯月面形状的不均匀特性,讨论了感应线圈与初始钢液面之间的相对位置、电流强度和电源频率等因素对弯月面形状的影响。结果表明：当初始钢液面位于感应线圈中心位置附近时,电磁力对金属的约束成形作用最强;电流强度比电源频率能更明显地改变弯月面形状,但提高电源不仅能适当增加弯月面高度,还有利于弯月面的稳定,在实际应用中应采用20kHz以上的电源频率。     

方坯连铸结晶器电磁搅拌磁场的数值模拟

对方坯连铸结晶器电磁搅拌磁场进行了数值模拟,分析了不同电流强度、电流频率、结晶器铜管以及结晶器内水套对电磁搅拌器内磁场分布的影响,得到了磁场特性与电磁搅拌参数的关系,模拟结果与实测结果一致;并得出采用合适的电磁搅拌参数可以在结晶器内获得合理有效地电磁搅拌强度,从而可以更有效地改善铸坯的质量.     

Numerical Simulation of the Fluid Flow and Heat Transfer in a Steel Slab Continuous Casting Mold With EMBR

Three-dimensional mathematical model coupling of the molten steel flow and heat transfer in the slab continuous casting mold and secondary cooling zone is established to describe molten steel flow and heat transfer phenomena in the slab continuous casting mold with EMBR.The computational model is applied to investigate the flow field and temperature field in slab mold contrast with and without a constant EMBR,which strength measured at a steel plant.The study shows that The EMBR has not changed the mold steel flow field characteristic.But it has reduced the intensity of the upper and downer recirculation in the mold,reduced the speed of the upper recirculation zone,increase the free surface temperature which is compared to the state without EMBR.     

方坯连铸二冷区电磁旋转搅拌数值模拟

运用电磁流体力学基本理论及磁场边界更新法,给出了方坯连铸二冷区电磁旋转搅拌的数学模型,并利用CFX软件进行了钢液流场和磁场的数值模拟,结果表明,外加水平波磁场可以在搅拌区域内产生电磁力,使钢液在水平方向形成旋转流动,而在垂直方向形成不均匀流动,电源频率和电流强度对旋转搅拌强度有影响。