某多水源水厂不同组合工艺流程的试验研究

为了提出适合某多水源水厂新建工程的工艺,进行了5组不同流程的中试研究。结果表明,对有机物去除率最高的是活性炭滤池,COD_(Mn)和UV_(254)的去除率分别是56.8%～66.3%和70.8%～73.3%;对浊度去除最有效的是砂滤池,去除率为89.5%～97.1%,超滤出水浊度稳定在0.11～0.12NTU;对臭味物质2-MIB的去除中,活性炭滤池发挥了至关重要的作用,预臭氧对2-MIB也有较好的去除效果,去除率为52.5%。"预臭氧-常规工艺-臭氧活性炭-超滤"流程与不投加前后臭氧的"常规工艺-活性炭-超滤"流程对污染物的去除规律类似。"砂滤-炭滤""炭滤-砂滤"和"砂滤-超滤"3组流程对比显示各自均存在一些不足。综合考虑"预臭氧-常规工艺-臭氧活性炭-超滤"是最适合该新建水厂的工艺流程。     

深圳笔架山水厂翻板活性炭滤池工艺设计探讨

深圳笔架山水厂臭氧一生物活性炭深度处理工艺采用翻板滤池,通过工程实例,探讨当前翻板活性炭滤池设计中普遍关注的空床接触时间、滤层结构、活性炭滤料选择、反冲洗方式及冲洗水源、初滤水排放、自控与仪表、安装与调试等问题。在国内首次采用了滤板滤头与竖向配气管组合的布水布气系统。投资省,运行效果良好。     

吴淞江微污染水源水处理工艺的比较研究

采用预臭氧生物活性炭滤池、生物接触预氧化、PAC吸附预处理三种工艺对吴淞江微污染水源水处理进行研究;常温下,臭氧投加量2 mg/L,预臭氧生物活性炭滤池对氨氮的去除率维持在70%以上,出水NH3-N约1 mg/L,CODMn平均去除率34.16%;生物接触预氧化对氨氮去除率可达80%以上,但CODMn平均去除率只有7.6%;PAC对色度及臭味有良好的去除效果,但对其他物质去除率较低.三种工艺相比,作为水厂改造或备用应急方案,预臭氧生物活性炭滤池为最佳选择.     

臭氧—活性炭工艺在东北低温高色度条件下的应用与效果

臭氧-活性炭工艺在东北寒冷地区的应用较少。某净水厂工程项目位于黑龙江省,针对原水水温低、色度较高及微污染问题,采用了臭氧-活性炭工艺,其主要设计参数:预臭氧投加量为0.5～1.5mg/L,主臭氧投加量为1.5～2.5mg/L,絮凝池停留时间为20min,沉淀池上升流速为1.63mm/s,V型滤池滤速为6.8m/h,活性炭池滤速为5.5m/h。净水厂投产2年后的水质检测表明,臭氧-活性炭工艺在冬季取得了良好的运行效果,出水水质达到国标要求。     

预臭氧和预氯化在北方典型水质条件下的强化常规作用分析

针对北方夏季高温高藻、冬季低温低浊的水源水质特点,以北方某水厂为例,通过分析水厂18个月运行数据及现场中试研究,评估了预臭氧和预氯化强化常规处理工艺的实际应用效果,对比了预臭氧和预氯化强化过滤的差异.结果 表明,该水厂采用预臭氧强化常规工艺结合适当调整混凝剂投量的调节方式,可有效应对原水水质特点,有助于提升滤后水质,保障供水安全.预臭氧和预氯化都具有强化常规净水工艺的作用,但两种预氧化方式具有不同的适宜条件,夏季高温高藻期,预臭氧的强化作用优于预氯化,此时建议采用预臭氧工艺改善出水水质;冬季低温低浊期,预臭氧和预氯化的强化作用没有明显差别,此时建议改用预氯化工艺降低净水成本.预臭氧和预氯化对滤层生物膜的形成影响不同,预臭氧有利于滤层生物膜的形成,这是导致预臭氧条件下滤池水头损失增长较快的主要原因之一,而预氯化后水中仍有较高余氯量,可用于解决滤池生物膜过多而导致的水头损失增长过快的问题.     

臭氧活性炭深度处理工艺除藻效能研究

通过中试除藻试验,研究了臭氧活性炭深度处理工艺的除藻效能。结果表明,经过预臭 氧化和常规工艺处理后,深度处理工艺可再去除67％的含藻量。工艺参数:臭氧投加量2 mg／L,接 触时间15 min,活性炭滤池滤速10 m／h,停留时间12 min。探讨了预臭氧化和深度处理两种组合工 艺的除藻机理和影响因素。     

南洲水厂生物活性炭滤料表面微生物研究分析

臭氧-生物活性炭工艺能有效去除水中有机物(尤其是可生物降解部分)和臭味等.对南洲水厂生物活性炭滤池中活性炭层微生物进行了电镜检验及分析,发现对于2 m厚的生物活性炭滤池,主要的微生物分布在50 cm以下、150 cm以上的炭层中,在这部分炭层中生物膜丰富,微生物种类较多.此外,生物活性炭滤池中不同深度的微生物优势种类不同,其种类与炭层的高度有关,与运行时间基本无关.     

生物活性炭滤池中无脊椎动物孳生问题与对策

以南方A、B两座臭氧-生物活性炭深度处理水厂为研究对象,探讨了生物活性炭滤池中无脊椎动物的来源及其生长繁殖特点.研究表明,生物活性炭滤池在运行过程中会孳生无脊椎动物,轮虫是无脊椎动物的绝对优势类群,其次是甲壳类浮游动物.在取水口或泵站采用氯等化学药剂灭活原水中的甲壳类动物,是控制生物在水处理系统繁殖和穿透的重要措施;优化砂滤池的运行参数并加强管理,控制生物进入生物活性炭滤池,是解决甲壳类动物穿透的根本途径.对于生物活性炭中孳生的甲壳类浮游动物,可采用药剂反冲洗和药剂浸泡进行去除和灭活.     

臭氧活性炭处理工艺在周家渡水厂的应用

介绍了上海周家渡水厂臭氧活性炭系统的配置、参数、主要特点及性能测定结果 ,并阐述预臭氧和后臭氧以及活性炭滤池的运行情况、处理效果 ,及其造价和运行成本     

嘉兴市贯泾港水厂工艺运行介绍

近年来,因受水源条件限制,嘉兴地区给水厂普遍采用生物预处理-加强常规处理-臭氧-生物活性炭滤池组合工艺,使出厂水水质有了明显的改善和提高.嘉兴市贯泾港水厂在此基础上又进行了新的探索,引入臭氧催化氧化-上向流生物活性炭-后置微絮凝强化砂滤新型组合工艺,有效降低了出水消毒副产物和微生物泄漏风险,出厂水水质达到了<生活饮用水卫生标准>(GB 5749-2006)以及浙江省现代化水厂的出水水质标准要求.     

Efficient taste and odour removal by water treatment plants around the Han River water supply system.

Seven major water treatment plants in Seoul Metropolitan Area, which are under Korea Water Resources Corporation (KOWACO)'s management, take water from the Paldang Reservoir in the Han River System for drinking water supply. There are taste and odour (T&O) problems in the finished water because the conventional treatment processes do not efficiently remove the T&O compounds. This study evaluated T&O removal by ozonation, granular activated carbon (GAC) treatment, powder activated carbon (PAC) and an advanced oxidation process in a pilot-scale treatment plant and bench-scale laboratory experiments. During T&O episodes, PAC alone was not adequate, but as a pretreatment together with GAC it could be a useful option. The optimal range of ozone dose was 1 to 2 mg/L at a contact time of 10 min. However, with ozone alone it was difficult to meet the T&O target of 3 TON and 15 ng/L of MIB or geosmin. The GAC adsorption capacity for DOC in the three GAC systems (F/A, GAC and O3 + GAC) at an EBCT of 14 min is mostly exhausted after 9 months. However, substantial TON removal continued for more than 2 years (>90,000 bed volumes). GAC was found to be effective for T&O control and the main removal mechanisms were adsorption capacity and biodegradation.     

臭氧-活性炭深度处理滦河水的试验研究

对滦河水进行O3-GAC工艺深度处理中试研究表明O3-GAC能在较长时间内保持对水中有机物的去除,CODMn的平均去除率为60.19%;TOC的平均去除率为64%;UV254的平均去除率为70.41%;NH3-N的平均去除率为53.83%;对水中的浊度和色度都有明显的去除效果,尤其臭氧化对改善难生物降解有机物的可生化性有十分显著的作用;O3-GAC能有效地去除饮用水中的有害、有毒物质,提高饮用水的安全性.     

Effect of ozonation on sludge reduction in a SBR plant.

This paper provides new insights on the application of the ozonation process for the reduction of activated sludge production in a Sequencing Batch Reactor. The study was performed on two identical lab-scale SBRs plant, fed with domestic sewage: a fraction (1/3 of the working volume) of the activated sludge from one reactor (Exp SBR) was periodically subjected to ozonation for 30 minutes at 0.05 g O(3)/gSS and then recirculated before the beginning of the cycle; the other reactor was used as control and therefore managed at the same sludge retention time but without the application of ozonation. The effects of the recirculation of the ozonated sludge to the Exp SBR were evaluated in terms of biological nitrogen and carbon removal efficiencies, Mixed Liquor Volatile and Suspended Solids (MLSS and MLVSS, respectively) concentrations, effluent quality and sludge settleability. Besides, characterization of the ozonated sludge was carried out for different oxidant dosages (0.05, 0.07 and 0.37 g O(3)/gSS) and durations of the ozonation process (10, 20 and 30 minutes). The results show that at 0.05 g O(3)/gSS and 30 minutes contact time MLVSS as well as MLVSS/MLSS ratio do not change appreciably. Ozone dosage must be increased much further to obtain a relevant effect.     

Investigation of microbial safety of a full-scale ozonation and biological activated carbon process under high humidity and temperature conditions

Microbial safety of a full-scale ozonation and biological activated carbon (BAC) process was investigated by examining pathogens, microbial community and particle counts, with emphasis on the BAC effluent. The process is located at South China, where the average humidity and air temperature were 70-80% and 22-24 °C, respectively. A high diversity of microbial community existed on the BAC media. Three types of dominant bacteria were identified, including Chryseobacterium indologenes, Bacillus brevis and Pseudomonas stutzeri, accounting for 90-95% of total bacteria number. As to pathogenic bacteria and viruses, an opportunistic pathogen, Bacillus cereus, was detected on the BAC. Six types of invertebrates were also observed on the medium, including rotifer, cyclops, nematode, clodecera, nauplius and blood worm. Diversity and number of invertebrates in the BAC effluent were higher than those in the BAC influent. Particle counts were generally less than 50 CNT/mL, with the maximum of 500 CNT/mL during the initial filtration stage after backwashing.     

Particle size distribution and property of bacteria attached to carbon fines in drinking water treatment

The quantitative change and size distribution of particles in the effluents from a sand filter and a granular activated carbon （GAC） filter in a drinking water treatment plant were investigated. The average total concentration of particles in the sand filter effluent during a filter cycle was 148 particles/mL, 27 of which were larger than 2 μm in size. The concentration in the GAC effluent （561 particles/mL） was significantly greater than that in the sand filter effluent. The concentration of particles larger than 2 μm in the GAC filter effluent reached 201 particles/mL, with the amount of particles with sizes between 2 μm and 15 μm increasing. The most probable number （MPN） of carbon fines reached 43 unit/L after six hours and fines between 0.45 μm and 8.0 μm accounted for more than 50%. The total concentration of outflowing bacteria in the GAC filter effluent, 350 CFU （colony-forming units） /mL, was greater than that in the sand filter effluent, 210 CFU/mL. The desorbed bacteria concentration reached an average of 310 CFU/mg fines. The disinfection efficiency of desorbed bacteria was lower than 40% with 1.5 mg/L of chlorine. The disinfection effect showed that the inactivation rate with 2.0 mg/L of chloramine （90%） was higher than that with chlorine （70%）. Experimental results indicated that the high particle concentration in raw water and sedimentation effluent led to high levels of outflowing particles in the sand filter effluent. The activated carbon fines in the effluent accounted for a small proportion of the total particle amount, but the existing bacteria attached to carbon fines may influence the drinking water safety. The disinfection efficiency of desorbed bacteria was lower than that of free bacteria with chlorine, and the disinfection effect on bacteria attached to carbon fines with chloramine was better than that with only chlorine.     

Advanced treatment of benzothiazole contaminated waters: comparison of O3, AC, and O3/AC processes.

Benzothiazole (BT) is a toxic and poorly biodegradable contaminant, usually found in wastewater from rubber related applications. This compound could be effectively eliminated using advanced treatment processes. This paper compares experimental results on detoxification systems based on ozone oxidation, activated carbon adsorption, and simultaneous adsorption-oxidation using ozone in the presence of activated carbon. The effect of pH (2-11), and the presence of radical scavengers (tert-butyl alcohol and sodium carbonate) on process rates and removal efficiencies are assessed at laboratory scale. The experimental system consisted of a 1 L differential circular flow reactor and an ozone generator rated at 5 g O3/h. Results show that ozone oxidation combined with activated carbon adsorption increases the overall BT oxidation rate with respect to the ozonation process and activated carbon adsorption. In the presence of free radical scavenger, only a 44% reduction in BT removal rate is observed in the simultaneous treatment, as compared with 72% when ozonation treatment is used, suggesting that BT oxidation reactions mainly take place on the activated carbon surface.     

臭氧-活性炭-反硝化生物滤池在污水再生回用中的应用

在酒仙桥污水处理厂建立200m3/d的示范工程进行高品质再生水的生产,在二级出水强化脱氮除磷的基础上,采用臭氧(O3)-活性炭(GAC)-反硝化生物滤池(DNBF)工艺进行试验研究。经过13个月的试验证明,该工艺由于O3在脱色除臭基础上,能够强化活性炭滤池的生物多样性及活性,从而使出水CODCr能够长期稳定在30mg/L以下,NH3-N小于1mg/L。在外加碳源CH3COONa条件下,系统经DNBF后出水TN小于2mg/L。同时试验发现,为了实现经济节能及良好的污水再生效果,DNBF和O3单元在流程中的位置设置非常关键,有别于污水二级处理工艺。     

臭氧氧化工艺溴酸盐控制中试研究

通过1m3/h的中试装置研究了臭氧氧化工艺处理引黄水库水时溴酸盐控制技术。结果表明,在臭氧投加量为1.5mg/L时,臭氧氧化后溴酸盐产生量为0.006mg/L,活性炭过滤出水溴酸盐为0.002mg/L;在相同臭氧投加量条件下,降低原水pH、投加高锰酸钾和过氧化氢后溴酸盐生成量分别减少了50%、33%和100%,活性炭后出水中均未检出溴酸盐,同时提高了有机物去除率。     

组合工艺控制有机物及消毒副产物前体物的特性研究

通过XAD-8树脂将水中有机物分成疏水性、亲水性两部分,对传统常规处理工艺(混凝气浮、过滤)和深度处理工艺(臭氧氧化、生物活性炭)出水的DOC,UV254THMFP,HAAFP指标以及疏水、亲水有机物去除率进行了检测分析。结果表明,生物活性炭(BAC)单元工艺能同时去除疏水性和亲水性两种有机物,且两者去除率均为最高。其次去除效果较好的是传统的常规工艺。臭氧工艺具有将天然的疏水性有机物氧化成可生化降解的亲水性小分子有机物的特点,在预臭氧+常规以及O3-BAC组合工艺中,起到了强化去除有机物和消毒副产物前体物的效果。     

Evaluation of sludge reduction and phosphorus recovery efficiencies in a new advanced wastewater treatment system using denitrifying polyphosphate accumulating organisms.

A new biological nutrient removal process, anaerobic-oxic-anoxic (A/O/A) system using denitrifying polyphosphate-accumulating organisms (DNPAOs), was proposed. To attain excess sludge reduction and phosphorus recovery, the A/O/A system equipped with ozonation tank and phosphorus adsorption column was operated for 92 days, and water quality of the effluent, sludge reduction efficiency, and phosphorus recovery efficiency were evaluated. As a result, TOC, T-N and T-P removal efficiency were 85%, 70% and 85%, respectively, throughout the operating period. These slightly lower removal efficiencies than conventional anaerobic-anoxic-oxic (A/A/O) processes were due to the unexpected microbial population in this system where DNPAOs were not the dominant group but normal polyphosphate-accumulating organisms (PAOs) that could not utilize nitrate and nitrite as electron acceptor became dominant. However, it was successfully demonstrated that 34-127% of sludge reduction and around 80% of phosphorus recovery were attained. In conclusion, the A/O/A system equipped with ozonation and phosphorus adsorption systems is useful as a new advanced wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) to resolve the problems of increasing excess sludge and depleted phosphorus.